4101 research outputs found
Sort by
Legal philosophical considerations of prostitution: A roadmap to understanding diverse legal approaches to prostitution in Europe
No full textThe study of legal theory and philosophy entails conducting philosophical and scientific examinations of law and justice as a social phenomenon.This may include engaging with theories and studies about law and justice with potential elements of speculations on the basis of ideas found in numerous disciplines, such as law, sociology, history, political science, philosophy, economics and natural sciences. The aim is to elucidate the character and nature of law, particularly in relation to society.In practice, this takes shape in seeking to answer an indefinite range of questions about law and justice, which are not only interesting in themselves but also offer unique insights and an in-depth understanding of legal provisions and concepts in relation to their context.3 Due to the nature and extent of legal theory, it is impossible to consider every possible question which could be raised on a subject matter, especially in subject areas, which may be perceived as controversial, such as laws on prostitution. The vast amount of academic literature available on the subject covers a broad range of different concepts and ideas. This can make it difficult to piece together an initial overview of the core theoretical theories and basic notions before conducting a more in-depth analysis.Due to the vast range of legal theories available on the subject matter, it will only be possible to discuss a carefully selected number. The intention of this paper is to provide a point of reference when conducting legal theoretical research in the area of prostitution laws through a Eurocentric lens.Within the study of legal theories, there are two predominant species of jurisprudence identified in academic literature, namely, analytical and normative jurisprudence. Analytical jurisprudence is the umbrella term for theories seeking to answer questions relating to any major concepts of law as well as general questions of the meaning of law.Normative jurisprudence covers legal theoretical ideas that focus on questions relating to the moral dimensions of law.Legal Theory classifications are merely labels of convenience. When researching specific theories, they provide valuable navigational aids. However, it is important not to view each theory as a true category. Even within the distinction between analytical and normative jurisprudence, one will find analytical elements in normative jurisprudence and normative elements in analytical jurisprudence.Thus, even in this “Roadmap” certain theorists may appear in several classifications
Assessment fast or slow? Why we need a new model of ‘connected assessment’ for adult numeracy
No full textThe changing nature of happiness: an in-depth study of a town in North West England 1938–2016
No full textThis book shines a light on the meaning of happiness and how public perceptions of it have changed over time. A question that has engaged philosophers from the days of Aristotle, happiness is a subject of growing academic interest, and its recent integration into government policy is provoking increased debate into its definition and nature. Sandie McHugh and her associates build on the work of social anthropologist Tom Harrison’s ‘Worktown’ Mass Observation study from 1938, repeating the original study today. Together these accounts show how perceptions of happiness have changed over the years for the people of Bolton, UK, and reveal major difference between its definition then and now. This unique study is a useful tool in the understanding and study of happiness, offering invaluable insights for scholars and practitioners working in the fields of social psychology, positive psychology, health psychology and wellbeing
Rumination, centrality and control as predictors of post traumatic growth and distress: The cognitive growth and stress (CGAS) model.
No full textObjectives: The Cognitive Growth and Stress (CGAS) model draws together cognitive processing factors previously untested in a single model. Intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, present and future perceptions of control and event centrality were assessed as predictors of posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress.Method: The CGAS model is tested on a sample of survivors (N = 250) of a diverse range of adverse events using structural equation modelling techniques.Results: Overall, the best fitting model was supportive of the theorised relations between cognitive constructs, and accounted for 30% of the variance in posttraumatic growth and 68% of the variance in posttraumatic stress across the sample.Conclusions: Rumination, centrality and perceived control factors are significant determinants of positive and negative psychological change across the wide spectrum of adversarial events. In its first phase of development, the CGAS model also provides further evidence of the distinct processes of growth and distress following adversity
An Ethical Waiver for Learning Analytics?
No full textIt is argued that education institutions are awarding them- selves an implied ethical waiver for learning analytics. This unexamined practice is elucidated as the coming together of two contrasting research traditions academic research and operations research
Private military and security companies : options for regulation under human rights law
No full textIn the aftermath of the Cold war, new actors began to carry out a wide range of tasks with regard to the use of force. For instance, States relied on private business entities to perform military and security services which before had been performed by national armed forces. PMSCs are requested by governments, international organizations and NGOs or other corporations to provide with land-based or maritime military and/or security services that traditionally belonged to States. These services usually include the armed guarding and the protection of persons and objects, the maintenance and operation of weapons system, intelligence and technical assistance, prisoner detention and interrogation of suspects and transport, advice of and/or training of local forces/security personnel, and –in some cases- the direct participation in hostilities.Consequently, the engagement of PMSCs with several and different tasks and the transnational nature of their operations increase concerns about the effectiveness of their regulation, both at international and national levels. However, some questions concerning their responsibilities for any misconduct committed by them are raised. Most actually, PMSCs are usually being involved in violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law during their operations. However, the absence of a coherent and binding international legal framework to regulate PMSCs and oversee their activities in conjunction with the lack of national regulatory and advocacy frameworks which have jurisdiction directly over PMSCs' misconduct relieved private contractors to escape from prosecution and accountability from alleged human rights violations.Within the aforementioned context, the present thesis attempts to find out whether the PMSCs and their activities could be regulated throughout the context of human rights law.Therefore, the current thesis is divided into two main parts; the first part on the international and national efforts for regulation of PMSCs; and the second one on obligations of States to regulate PMSCs’ activities and punish the perpetrators. In particular, this thesis examines the obligations of States to regulate and monitor PMSCs’ activities with regard to the Montreux Document’s standards and it also focuses on the need of the adoption of a new coherent international regulatory regime which is going to demonstrate precisely the obligations and responsibilities of States, international organisations and PMSCs for land-based and maritime-based activities.Moreover, it presents and analyses the national regulatory mechanisms for punishment and prosecution of PMSCs’ employees for human rights violations. By using examines different national legislative frameworks, the present thesis considers that the absence of an international framework to punish private contractors for human rights violations allows for non-compliance with human rights law.Furthermore, the application of human rights law on the regulation of PMSCs’ activities constitutes an important part of the present research. So as, it examines the States’ human rights obligations to regulate PMSCs’ activities and demonstrates the States’ efforts to fulfill their obligations under human rights law regarding the regulation of PMSCs’ and their employees’ activities. In conclusion, the present thesis goes one step further. It explores whether the human rights judiciary bodies, and particular the ECtHR have the jurisdiction to adjudicate PMSCs’ employees for human rights abuse
Pedagogical principles and practice driving stakeholder added value in multi-disciplinary leadership and management learning.
No full textDeveloping a postgraduate programme suitable for graduates from any academic discipline presents many pedagogical, practical and process challenges. These challenges are amplified when the programme is architected around a ‘Blended’ delivery model developed and deployed within a compressed time scale and in the context of a rapidly changing landscape for Higher Education (HE) in the UK.The paper explores the challenges encountered in high expectation, high pressure, high visibility, multi-disciplinary programme development. It focuses on the lessons learned from the development and deployment of two similar postgraduate courses designed to meet the needs of heterogeneous graduate students from two geographically disparate UK universities serving similar demographics. These issues are placed within the context of an increasingly dynamic and turbulent landscape for UK HE, driven and shaped by market forces and the notion of students as customers rather than consumers (see BIS 2011, BIS 2016, McAreavey 2015).The paper explores key themes and issues emerging from a ‘marketised’ UK HE landscape, highlighting the drivers shaping HE Institutions (HEI) to consider new forms of provision and approaches to delivery. This is followed by an outline of two initiatives designed by HEI operating towards the vocational end of the HE continuum, but in geographically separate catchment areas / target markets. These ‘case studies’ illustrate areas of commonality and similarities in responding to perceived challenges emanating from competitive pressure and student demand. The paper concludes with a short assessment of the potential for further development along the lines established by these HEI, and identifies areas for additional exploration and study
