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Availability, use of, and satisfaction with green space, and children's mental wellbeing at age 4 years in a multicultural, deprived, urban area: results from the Born in Bradford cohort study.
Get PDFIt is unknown whether the quantity or quality of green space is more important for mental wellbeing. We aimed to explore associations between availability of, satisfaction with, and use of green space and mental wellbeing among children aged 4 years in a multi-ethnic sample. We did a 4-year follow-up assessment of participants in the Born in Bradford longitudinal cohort study, which recruited children and mothers at the city's main maternity unit from 2007 to 2011. The primary outcome was parent-reported mental wellbeing for children aged 4 years, assessed with the standardised Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Total, internalising, and externalising behavioural difficulties and prosocial behaviour scales were computed (with higher scores indicating greater difficulties or more prosocial behaviour). Residential green space around participants' home addresses and distance to major green spaces were computed with the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). A subsample of participants completed additional questionnaires on measures of satisfaction with, and use of, local green spaces. Multiple regressions examined associations between green space and children's mental wellbeing and explored moderation by ethnicity (white British vs south Asian) and socioeconomic status. Between Oct 1, 2012, and June 30, 2015, 2594 mothers attended a follow-up appointment during which they completed a detailed questionnaire assessing the health of their child. 1519 (58%) participants were of south Asian origin, 740 (29%) of white British origin, and 333 (13%) of another ethnicity. Data on ethnicity were missing for two participants. 832 (32%) of 2594 participants completed additional questionnaires. Ethnicity moderated associations between residential green space and mental wellbeing (p<0·05 for total and internalising difficulties). After adjusting for all relevant variables, more green space was associated with fewer internalising behavioural difficulties (mean NDVI 100 m: β -2·35 [95% CI -4·20 to -0·50]; 300 m: -3·15 [-5·18 to -1·13]; 500 m: -2·85 [-4·91 to -0·80]) and with fewer total behavioural difficulties (100 m: -4·27 [-7·65 to -0·90]; 300 m: -5·22 [-8·91 to -1·54]; 500 m: -4·82 [-8·57 to -1·07]) only for south Asian children across all three buffer zones. In the subsample of participants, the effect of NDVI on wellbeing was rendered non-significant after controlling for satisfaction with, and use of, green space. Among south Asian children, satisfaction with green space was significantly associated with fewer total behavioural difficulties across all three buffer zones (β -0·59 [95% CI -1·11 to -0·07]), fewer internalising behavioural difficulties within 100 m (-0·28 [95% CI -0·56 to -0·003]) and 300 m buffer zones (-0·28 [-0·56 to -0·002]), and greater prosocial behaviour across all three buffer zones (0·20 [0·02 to 0·38]); no such associations were observed among white British children. Positive effects of green space on wellbeing differ by ethnicity. Satisfaction with the quality of green space appears to be a more important predictor of wellbeing than does quantity of green space. Public health professionals and urban planners need to focus on both quality and quantity of urban green spaces to promote health, particularly among ethnic minority groups. European Community's Seventh Framework Programme. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Doing Ultra Realist Ethnography: Romantacism and Running with the Riotous (While Buying Your Round)
Get PDFThis section concerns the praxis of ethnography, or my own doing of ethnography
in precarious inner-city locations in central England. When criminological ethnographers
write of their own experiences, they often use travel metaphors, and I suppose
that I could dress this up in some sort of personal voyage or journey through
ethnography, but I hope that the trip isn’t over yet, and the problem with such travel
metaphors is that they suggest a road travelled, and well, I am not sure that I have
gone that far
Promoting cooperation in innovation ecosystems: evidence from European traditional manufacturing SMEs
Get PDFWe investigate whether public support for innovation increases the propensity of SMEs in traditional manufacturing industries to cooperate for innovation—in particular, for incremental innovation—with other firms and external knowledge providers. Using data from seven EU regions, we find that support programmes do not promote cooperation with competitors, marginally promote cooperation with customers and suppliers and strongly promote cooperation with knowledge providers. These findings suggest that, in this case, the role of public policy is systems conforming rather than systems creating. Innovation support programmes can assist SMEs in traditional manufacturing industry to consolidate and/or extend their innovation ecosystems beyond familiar business partners by promoting cooperation with both private and public sector knowledge providers. Finally, our findings suggest that evaluation studies of innovation support programmes should be designed to capture not only input and/or output additionality but also behavioural and systemic effects
Bittersweet: A qualitative exploration of mothers’ experiences of raising a single surviving twin.
Get PDFLoss of a child from a multiple birth pregnancy is not uncommon yet the idiographic experience of parents who have lost a single twin from a multiple birth pregnancy is underexplored. This novel study sought to explore the experiences of mothers bereaved after loss of a twin from a multiple birth pregnancy, focusing on the dual challenges of parenting and grieving. Eighteen mothers at least 12 months post loss were recruited from a private UK based Facebook page dedicated to supporting parents after loss from a multiple birth. Eligible mothers completed an independent qualitative open-ended survey to explore maternal experiences of loss. Data were analysed using Thematic Analysis. Findings represented a sense of duality for participants, with mothers experiencing conflict between roles and identities as well as the nature of their loss. Key themes identified include ‘Narrating a story of family and loss’, ‘Finding a place for the twins within the family’ and ‘A changing sense of self’. Findings fit with theoretical conceptualisations of bereavement that acknowledge retaining relationships with the deceased. Practically, suggestions for supporting mothers to identify stock answers to often asked questions about family make up were suggested
Armistice 2018
No full textA 4K digital film of World War One battlefields from the Somme in France was created to exhibit for the centenary at Staffordshire University. The moving image was exhibited at the University during the commemorations in 2018.
The film was directed by Fiona GRAHAM and filmed by Paul OTTEY in collaboration with the Commonwealth War Graves Commission
DECISION MAKING SUPPORT THROUGH A KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR COMPLEX IT SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
Get PDFRecent research reveals a narrow, rational model of problem- solving and decision-making in complex IT systems development projects. This creates problems that are identified in the thesis. The aim of this study is to develop a novel decision-making framework to support the decision-making process of managers of complex IT systems development projects by focusing on knowledge management frameworks. The objectives for the research were determined through a critical review of the existing research on decision-making in IT projects, primarily to discover how project managers’ decision-making can be supported through project-specific knowledge management. A qualitative research approach was then designed to investigate the phenomenon in its context by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews. This study used qualitative data, through expert participants’ observations and opinions on IT systems development, particularly by understanding project management issues. The expert participants expressed their experiences through in-depth interviews. The collected data was then analysed using the thematic analysis technique and the findings were used to develop the IT Systems Development Decision-Making Support Framework. The Framework was then validated through focus group interviews. The main contribution of this research is based on the application of knowledge creation and knowledge management theories to decision-making frameworks for IT systems projects through the IT Systems Development Decision-Making Support Framework. The Framework is expected to enable decision evaluation and project-specific knowledge generation and sharing in IT systems development projects. This is vital for the type of contextual knowledge required for project-specific knowledge creation and management. Since IT systems development projects tend to be unique and their development process is complex, it is contended that an effective novel approach for modelling the expert decision-making process and assessing the defined model through project-specific knowledge activities is essential. This approach should help to deal with high level of complexity that is normally found in IT systems development projects
An Exploration of Young People’s Views and Understanding of Mental Health Difficulties
Get PDFHow young people perceive and respond to mental health difficulties will have implications for the health, wellbeing, shape of services and quality of life for their own and future generations. Understanding young people’s views will be important in guiding the development of resources that support them in learning about and protecting their mental health.
The following pages present three papers which seek to facilitate a clearer understanding of what young people think and know about mental health difficulties. A review of the literature is presented in Paper 1 and indicates that this has been an under-researched area for many years. The existing literature presents an incomplete and varied account of the nature of young peoples’ understanding of mental health difficulties. It indicates a need for further, high-quality research in this area to address these inconsistencies and consider the sources that might influence young people’s perceptions.
Paper 2 details the empirical research that was undertaken in response to these gaps in the literature. Sixteen young people took part in a vignette-based qualitative study. Interview transcripts were analysed using Thematic Analysis. Three themes were identified: ‘the experience of being unwell’, ‘empathy and stigma’, and ‘in search of truth’, and two subthemes, ‘cause and context’ and ‘helping and helplessness’. These themes are discussed in detail, and the clear strengths and gaps in young people’s understanding are discussed. Implications for the development and delivery of mental health education initiatives are considered.
An executive summary of this research is presented in Paper 3. It includes recommendations to support schools and education providers in responding to recent developments in the UK which will ensure that every child is taught about mental health and wellbeing in school
Forensic Mental Health Service Users Narratives of Recovery
Get PDFThis thesis aims to explore the recovery experiences of forensic mental health service users. In doing so, it seeks to add to the small but growing field of literature exploring the application of recovery principles in forensic settings.
Paper one is a review of the current literature, synthesising the recovery experiences and perceptions of forensic mental health service users. A total of 10 papers were included in the thematic review. Five themes were identified; hope; connecting with others; meaningful occupation, roles and identity; the powerful environment of the hospital; and coming to terms with the past and diagnosis.
Paper two is an empirical paper which explores the recovery stories of five male participants who had been detained in a low secure forensic service and discharged into the community. A narrative analysis reveals the shared personal, community and dominant cultural recovery narratives. Counterstories were also identified. The findings are discussed in relation to the clinical implications, in particular how to work within a cultural narrative of openness about mental illness stories, but secrecy around offending narratives. Further research implications are also discussed.
Paper three is an executive summary which seeks to provide an accessible summary of the empirical research paper. This provides an overview of the research, highlighting the key points and salient information in terms of clinical implications for service delivery in a forensic context
The Scientific Legacy Of WW1
Get PDFAn exhibition and talk disseminating multi-disciplinary work at Hawthorn crater on the Somme as part of the wider exhibition on the scientific legacy or WW1. The project combines work in the field of chemical analysis, archaeology, anthropology, forensics, heritage preservation, digital scanning, recording and dissemination.
The Hawthorn crater is a relatively untouched site and the current investigations are the first time this type of work has been carried out. Our work records the intentions, discoveries and process of both preserving the site, making it accessible to the public and its historical legacy
VISUALISATION OF WOMEN IN MUSLIM MEDIA AND THEIR RECEPTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO BRITISH MUSLIM MAGAZINES
Get PDFWithin the politics of British integration, debates on media representation of Islam have shown how this focuses on Muslim homogenous identity and its uneven alignment to British values. This thesis explores aspects of visual representation discovered in Muslim media in Britain and offers a glimpse of how Islam is mediated and redefined in which Muslim cultural diversity is identified. By adopting a mainly interpretive paradigm, this research used the techniques of visual analysis of two British Muslim magazines and seven focus group interviews of Muslim and non-Muslim respondents. The analysis expands the range of visual representation by applying it specifically to images of Muslim women by drawing insights from the theory of Islamic arts and by borrowing Goffman’s analytic tools in visualising gender. My thesis provides evidence that the Islamic visual representations reflect the diverse identities of Muslim communities, and the magazines under study apply a subversive approach to visualising gender. In focus groups, the blended identity of Muslims is negotiated through the combination of Islamic and western values and needs. I argue that the representation in Muslim media could challenge homogeneity of normalised images of Muslims in mainstream media that has formed a strong cultural imagination of the binary of Islam and the West. My thesis contributes towards bringing theoretical input to media representation and empirical evidence to the study of Islamic visual representations in constructing identity. The distinctive visual representation by the image producers and the counter-depictions of Muslim women in various roles provides a redefinition of Muslim female identities in the British public sphere. It thereby invites us to consider the heterogenous identities of the women and the community at large which is compatible with the notion of diversity within a multicultural society. I conclude with a discussion of Muslim media as a possible force to establish a renewed media discourse on British Muslim integration
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