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The Effect of Spinal Orthoses on Immobilizing the Cervical Spine: A Systematic Review of Research Methodologies
No full textIntroduction
The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the effect of immobilization of the cervical spine using orthotic devices. The review focused on the methodologies of the studies to see if this might be a contributing factor to the lack of available clinical guidelines on spinal immobilization using orthoses.
Methods
This review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines (PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000097). The search was conducted in August 2019 within all major databases using relevant phrases. No date restrictions were applied, but the search was restricted to full manuscripts published in English. These searches were then supplemented by tracking all key references from the appropriate articles identified. Articles were selected according to a priori–defined criteria. Initially, data were extracted regarding publication details, orthosis name and group, spinal level studied, and whether cervical range of motion was measured.
Results
A total of 52 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. This article discusses the methodology of the included studies.
Conclusions
There is a clear paucity of well-designed research on immobilization of the cervical spine using orthotic devices. Comparing the results of studies using different types of orthoses is difficult due to the type and age of the participants involved (healthy, pathological, cadaver) and the different techniques of measurement used. This lack of standardization prevents meta-analyses from being performed and may be a contributing factor to the lack of available clinical guidelines. An agreed structured methodology is required to enable meta-analyses and determine clinical guidelines for the prescription of spinal orthoses for cervical spine pathology
Academic Activism (Special Issue of Philosophy and Theory in Higher Education)
No full textThis Special Issue responds and attends to a need, increasingly felt by academic communities across different national contexts, to engage with the idea(s) and practice(s) of Academic Activism in the 21 st Century
Reshaping our Social Ecology – a response to Andrew Cozens
Get PDFContinuing a discussion on how the 'social ecology of dementia' may be understood in the light of key Vatican documents on social ecology and agein
The influence of identity leadership principles on followers’ challenge and threat states and motor performance
Get PDFIt has been theorized that a follower can draw upon support from individuals they identify with when approaching competitive situations to improve psychophysiological challenge states, and performance potential. As such, we examine how perceptions of identity leadership influence resource appraisals, cardiovascular reactivity, and performance in a pressurised motor task across two laboratory experiments. In Study 1, 80 participants took part in a within-subjects double-blind design with two conditions: identity leadership (IL) vs no identity leadership (no IL). Results indicated that when instructions align with identity leadership principles (vs. not), followers reported greater resource appraisals to, challenge cardiovascular reactivity to, and motor performance within a motivated performance situation. In Study 2, 120 participants completed a 2 (identity leadership: IL vs. no IL) X 2 (appraisal: challenge vs. threat) between-subjects double-blind design. It was found that when instructions aligned to identity leadership (vs. not), followers reported greater resource appraisals and motor performance. When leaders used challenge (vs. threat) instructions this led to challenge cardiovascular reactivity on approach to competition. Advancing leadership and stress theory, we provide evidence that perceived identity leadership is salient for followers’ resource appraisals, cardiovascular reactivity, and motor performance
Working, living, and dying in Covid times: Perspectives from frontline adult social care workers in the UK.
Get PDFPurpose
This article’s core purpose is to explore 15 UK care workers’ experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper’s 15 open-ended interviews with adult social care workers are complemented by digital ethnography in Covid-19 social media forums. This dataset is taken from a global mixed-methods study, involving over 2,000 participants from 59 different countries.
Findings
Workers reported a lack of planning, guidance and basic provisions including Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Work intensification brought stress, workload pressure and mental health problems. Family difficulties and challenges of living through the pandemic, often related to government restrictions, intensified these working conditions with precarious living arrangements. The workers also relayed a myriad challenges for their residents in which, the circumstances appear to have exacerbated dementia and general health problems including dehydration, delirium and loneliness. While Covid-19 was seen as partially responsible for resident deaths, the sudden disruptions to daily life and prohibitions on family visits were identified as additional contributing factors in rapid and sudden decline.
Originality
The article offers revealing insights from frontline care home workers and thus provides an empirical snapshot during this unique phase in recent history. It also builds upon the preliminary/emerging qualitative research evidence on how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted care homes, care workers and the residents.
Research limitations
While the paper’s sample cohort is small, given the significance of Covid-19 at this present time the findings shed important light on the care home experience as well as act as a baseline for future study.
Social implications
Care homes bore the brunt of illness and death during the first and second Covid-19 waves in the UK and many of the problems identified here have still yet to be actioned by the government. As we approach the summer months, an urgent review is required of what happened in care homes and this paper, we feel, could act as some part of that evidence gathering
The next logical step? An examination of elite athletes’ transitions into post-athletic high-performance coaching roles
Get PDFME, The Total Show
No full textME, The Total Show — Common Culture
Mixing elements drawn from music culture, celebrity confessions, internet stardom, social media, shopping, self-promotion and stand-up comedy, ME, The Total Show continues the artists’ group Common Culture’s critical engagement with the processes of commodification within popular culture.
Rampa’s main exhibition space is transformed by competing units of entertainment and commodity spectacle to explore the relationship between celebrity and the ‘attention economy’.
OMG I love common culture !!!! ❤️❤️❤️❤️ focuses upon an American internet celebrity’s commercial exploitation of the intimacy of communication he has formed with his online audience. The vlogger came to Common Culture’s attention when he trademarked the name ‘Common Culture’ to brand, promote and sell a range of products. In response, Common Culture have edited together many of the stylised greetings he adopts in his vlogs. These are presented in the form of two videos, showing both the systematic formation and refinement of his self-image and its deformation.
To accompany the videos, Common Culture have created their own merchandise and promotional GIFs drawn from the gushing language of the vlogger’s online followers. The animated GIFs provide both comic interlude and chorus to the videos, intermittently partnering songs composed by Common Culture produced using generic music samples and lyrics appropriated from celebrity confessions.
The Age of Shopping off Heads, a work utilising a disco unit synchronised to play a selection of Common Culture songs, periodically interrupts the exhibition.
Running throughout the duration of the show, the videos I Can’t Go On, I’ll Go On, I Can’t Go On, I’ll Go On… present the full routines of two British stand-up comedians, both filmed performing without an audience. Struggling to maintain their composure, their acts begin to unravel and take a darker and more revealing emotional turn
Do you have to walk it to talk it? The significance on an elite athletic career in becoming a high-performance coach in men’s football and rugby union
Get PDFA book chapter published in ‘Myths of Sport Coaching’ edited by A. Whitehead and J. Coe, published by Sequoia Books on Friday 17.12.2021 - https://www.sequoia-books.com/catalog/whiteheadcoe
Gameplay Applications - Teaching Boardgames
Get PDFThis contribution to 'Teaching the Game: An interdisciplinary collection of game course syllabi', discusses the creation and adaptation of the study module 'Gameplay Applications', a unique module which allows students to design, prototype and create a boardgame over the course of a year
Psychosocial and Behavioural Factors Associated with Self Injurious Behaviour (SIB) in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Get PDFBackground: Self-injurious behaviour (SIB) is a persistent and distressing difficulty which may be more prevalent and enduring for individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). SIB has been largely conceptualised in research as a challenging behaviour or a repetitive and restricted behaviour, rather than a unique construct to research. As its own construct, the aetiology of SIB has been conceptualised from a neurobiological perspective, however there remains a need to explore psychosocial and behavioural factors associated with SIB and ASD. A review was conducted to compile evidence and establish current understanding of this behaviour.
Method: 6 databases were systematically searched for research exploring factors relating specifically to SIB limited to ASD populations. Studies were critically appraised using a tool developed for the purpose of this review, adapted from the CASP, AXIS and STROBE quality appraisal tools.
Results: 15 studies met the eligibility criteria. SIB was found to be associated with impairments in adaptive ability, communicative ability, IQ, sleep, atypical sensory processing, and impulsivity/ over-activity. There were mixed findings supporting an association between autism severity and self-injury.
Conclusions: The development of SIB in ASD populations is complex. The range of factors associated with SIB and ASD imply a clinical need for a robust assessment and a multi-disciplinary approach to intervention. Theoretical perspectives regarding the role of impaired behavioural inhibition, communication, and sensory processing difficulties are considered. Limitations and future research are discussed.
Keywords: Autism, ASD, Self-injurious Behaviour, Associations, Revie
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