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Food marketing, eating and health outcomes in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFThe marketing of unhealthy foods has been implicated in poor diet and rising levels of obesity. Rapid developments in the digital food marketing ecosystem and associated research mean that contemporary review of the evidence is warranted. This preregistered (CRD420212337091)1 systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide an updated synthesis of the evidence for behavioural and health impacts of food marketing on both children and adults, using the 4Ps framework (Promotion, Product, Price, Place). Ten databases were searched from 2014 to 2021 for primary data articles of quantitative or mixed design, reporting on one or more outcome of interest following food marketing exposure compared with a relevant control. Reviews, abstracts, letters/editorials and qualitative studies were excluded. Eighty-two studies were included in the narrative review and twenty-three in the meta-analyses. Study quality (RoB2/Newcastle–Ottawa scale) was mixed. Studies examined ‘promotion’ (n 55), ‘product’ (n 17), ‘price’ (n 15) and ‘place’ (n 2) (some > 1 category). There is evidence of impacts of food marketing in multiple media and settings on outcomes, including increased purchase intention, purchase requests, purchase, preference, choice, and consumption in children and adults. Meta-analysis demonstrated a significant impact of food marketing on increased choice of unhealthy foods (OR = 2·45 (95 % CI 1·41, 4·27), Z = 3·18, P = 0·002, I2 = 93·1 %) and increased food consumption (standardised mean difference = 0·311 (95 % CI 0·185, 0·437), Z = 4·83, P < 0·001, I2 = 53·0 %). Evidence gaps were identified for the impact of brand-only and outdoor streetscape food marketing, and for data on the extent to which food marketing may contribute to health inequalities which, if available, would support UK and international public health policy development
The 2022-2023 Event Management Journal State of Play Review
Get PDFThis paper provides the state of play of Event Management since the current editorial team took over in November 2021 until papers accepted in September 2023. Our bibliometric analysis indicates 234 distinct authors from Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Oceania contributed to the Journal. Together with the varied theories and perspectives used to ground the research, the international nature of our authors demonstrates the growth, maturity, and robustness of event studies published in Event Management. Though sport events dominated, festivals, conferences/private events, and mixed or industry-wide studies were also published. Ten key themes emerged: events, social, human, festival, image, COVID, time, model, literature, and theory. The focus on the human and social elements is striking and welcome in this post-pandemic era. Finally, we identify gaps in submissions to the journal and offer directions for future research, namely artificial intelligence (AI)/technology and sustainability in all its forms
Topographical teaching’: A metaphor for professional practice with learners with severe, profound and multiple learning difficulties
Get PDFIt has been noted that research into inclusive education has tended to overlook considerations around teaching students with severe learning difficulties and/or profound and multiple learning difficulties (SPMLD) (e.g. Colley, 2020). This paper outlines research findings that were obtained as part of a wider study involving the analysis of professional dilemmas encountered by teachers working with either or both of these two groups of learners
Strengthening supply chain risk management: Unveiling opportunities through the lens of behavioral economics and organizational culture
Get PDFIn recent decades, the growing awareness that supply chains are increasingly vulnerable to unexpected disruptions has led to the development of the field of Supply Chain Disruption Management (SCDM). While significant progress has been made, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is still a notable gap in understanding the human-centred rationale behind SCDM decisions beyond traditional supply chain factors like cost and asset availability. Current literature effectively addresses the empirical reasons for specific SCDM strategies but falls short in exploring the cognitive, social, and cultural factors influencing these choices, such as cognitive biases, group dynamics, and organizational culture. This work aims to assess the existing knowledge in SCDM, highlight the lack of research linking behavioural economic theories and organizational culture to SCDM, and identify where these connections exist and their significance, thereby proposing future research directions. Our study suggests that advancing SCDM requires investigating how behavioural economics and organizational culture influence decision-making and outcomes, with a focus on leadership styles, risk management, Industry 4.0 technologies, and inter-organizational collaboration, especially during crises
Adrenal steroid hormone responses to exercise under thermal stress: potential role for non classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia in heat illness susceptibility
Get PDFWe queried whether adrenal insufficiency attributable to non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21 hydroxylase deficiency, 21OHD) might contribute to heat illness susceptibility. Patients referred to a specialist heat illness clinic (n=2 with prior hyponatraemia; n=16 lacking documentary evidence) and controls (n=16) underwent laboratory Heat Tolerance Assessment (HTA: 60-90 min walking, 60% relative intensity, 34 ° C heat), synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone stimulation (heat illness only) and CYP21A2 genotyping (hyponatraemic heat illness only). Copeptin, cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 21 deoxycortisol were assayed from blood at baseline and post-HTA, with precursor product [17-hydroxyprogesterone + 21 deoxycortisol] expressed relative to cortisol. Saliva and urine were assayed for free cortisol (one hyponatraemic case, controls). Versus controls, normonatraemic heat illness exhibited greater (P<0.05) serum cortisol across HTA, while hyponatraemic heat illness showed blunted responses in aldosterone, and free cortisol (salivary cortisol 1.6 and 1.6 vs 6.0 [4.2, 19.4] and 4.2 [3.8, 19.2] nmol.L-1; urine cortisol 19 vs 117 +/- 71 nmol.L-1). Hyponatraemic heat illness demonstrated elevated precursor product consistent with 21OHD, and multiple CYP21A2 mutations. One normonatraemic case of heat illness also showed elevated precursor product. These data support potential for 21OHD to precipitate heat illness under sustained physical stress and advance a case for targeted genetic screening
CARE: A Human-Centred, Whole-Self Framework for Sustainable Student and Graduate Development
Get PDFThe CARE Framework is a human-centred, values-led model for student and graduate development. It expands existing employability approaches by integrating wellbeing, identity, and whole-self learning. Built around four interconnected domains: Connection, Awareness, Reflection, and Empowerment, CARE supports students to grow in confidence, purpose, and connection, developing in ways that are relational, reflective, and rooted in their lived experience. The framework is contextual, recognising that development is not separate from a learner’s lived experience, background, and environment. Informed by research in design thinking, behaviour change, and inclusive pedagogy, CARE offers a practical and theoretically grounded framework for embedding sustainability, equity, and personal growth into higher education. Mapped to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it supports learners not only as future employees, but as capable, purposeful contributors to a complex and changing world
The Relationship Between Tensor Fascia Latae and Gluteus Maximus Has the Potential to Indicate Early Intra-articular and Degenerative Pathologies of the Femoral-Acetabular Joint: A Narrative Review.
Get PDFIntra-articular and degenerative hip pathologies have become common place with the number of total hip replacements rising year on year in the United Kingdom (UK). Pathology is identified by clinicians using special tests which are researched maneuvers used by clinicians to rule in or rule out specific musculoskeletal pathologies. Special tests used for hip pathology usually have high specificity to exclude degenerative and intraarticular pathology but vary in sensitivity. These special tests are usually only conducted when a person is symptomatic and typically require radiological confirmation to diagnose. The aim of this review was to appraise research to determine whether functional changes in the TFL and UGM muscle complex could indicate degenerative and/or intra articular pathology, with a specific focus on the utility of the ratio in strength of TFL and UGM to assist clinical diagnosis. The hypothesis was that the ratio of the strength of Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL) and the upper fibres of Gluteus Maximus (UGM) could suggest early intra-articular hip pathology, and that changes to this ratio could indicate deterioration of the hip joint before symptoms present/progress.
Level of Evidence
Ensuring firm resilience by navigating the complexity of emergent and context-driven supply chain uncertainties and disruptions in developing economies
Get PDFPurpose
The literature has generally examined supply chain disruptions and mitigation, assuming that resilience capabilities are universal. This assumption undermines the productivity and competitiveness of manufacturing firms in developing economies due to differences in contextual attributes and challenges. In this study, we advance the current knowledge in the literature and explore context-driven disruptions in developing economies to provide a foundational step for disruption-mitigation fit to enhance operational efficiency and business continuity.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a qualitative multi-case study approach and explores the operational environment of manufacturing firms in developing economies to unpack context-driven disruptions and strategies for managing disruptions. An in-depth exploratory multiple case study of 8 manufacturing firms was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 31 key informants across the case firms.
Findings
Findings indicate that manufacturing firms in developing economies face operational disruptions and challenges specific to their business environment, contrasting with those experienced in developed countries and documented in the literature. This contrast suggests that mitigation strategies designed for disruptions in developed economies may prove ineffective in addressing emergent and context-driven disruptions in developing countries.
Research limitations/implications
Since this paper is based on an in-depth single case study, its findings may not be empirically generalisable to other sectors and countries beyond Africa.
Practical implications
Considering the interconnectivity of global supply chains, this study highlights the need for firms and managers in developed economies to be cognisant of context-specific disruptions affecting firms in developing economies. The study provides valuable insights into how manufacturing firms can build resilience by embedding context-specific planning practices into their strategic supply chain agenda.
Originality/value
With Africa’s lack of production contribution to the global manufacturing value-added, this study underscores the need for manufacturing firms in developing economies to be proactive, pragmatic, and strategic in devising planning consistent with their operations and the dynamic business environment
Editorial Perspectives on professionalism
No full textTeacher professionalism has been much discussed over many years, not least by the contributors to this journal and others (see, for example, Creasy Citation2015; Tatto Citation2021; Wright and Bottery Citation1997; Zhao and Liao Citation2024). The papers in this issue can perhaps be seen as contributing to the discussion of professionalism as ‘a global concept that is conceptualised, cultivated, measured, and realised in regionally specific ways’ (Liu, Conner, and Li Citation2023, 36) and constantly changing (Sachs Citation2016)
Talent development and (dis)empowering coach-created motivational climates among South African youth football players
Get PDFThe environments in which coaches help create have a significant influence on the development of talented players. Therefore, this study investigated perceptions of talent development environments (TDEs) and coach-created motivational climates among South African youth football players. A total of 112 male amateur players (Mage = 16.2 ± 1.1 years; Mplaying experience = 8.6 ± 2.1 years) voluntarily completed the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire-5 and the Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climates Questionnaire. The results showed that empowerment in coach-created motivational climates correlated strongly with three TDE dimensions: communication (r = .65, p < .01), long-term development (r = .61, p < .01) and alignment of expectations (r = .56, p < .01). There was also a strong relationship between disempowerment in coach-created motivational climates and the holistic quality dimension of TDE (r = .67, p < .01). Through multiple linear regression, long-term development (β = .37, p < .01) and communication (β = .41, p < .01) were found to be significant predictors of empowerment in coach-created motivational climates. Furthermore, holistic quality (β = .64, p < .01) and alignment of expectations (β = .22, p < .05) were found to be significant predictors of disempowerment in coach-created motivational climates. These results suggest that coaches should emphasise an atmosphere that supports learning and development pathways to create an environment with long-term goals that are clear, consistent, and coherent
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