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How Artificial Intelligence Influences Employees’ Organisational Behaviour in Workplaces
Get PDFArtificial intelligence (AI) has become popular for enhancing organisational productivity, with tools available for administration, management, operations, manufacturing, production and decision-making. This chapter uses the case studies of Walmart and Amazon to discuss how the adoption of AI for productivity and inventory management influences contemporary issues faced by employees. It emphasises the importance of employees’ acceptance and response, which significantly influences engagement and our understanding of how AI affects employee roles and behaviours, job satisfaction and expectations, and therefore overall performance. While AI saves time and resources, potentially reducing reliance on human resources, employees’ acceptance and responses remain core to AI adoption. On the one hand, AI takes over routine tasks, granting employees more time for participative discussions, strategic planning and research, potentially increasing job satisfaction. On the other hand, AI implementation raises concerns about job displacement. These and other interrelated factors are discussed in this chapter
Victim-Centric Reforms in Nigeria Examining Restorative Justice, Victim Participation, and Victim Protection Under the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) 2015’
No full textRestorative justice processes are increasingly included in criminal justice systems of several countries as an alternative to traditional responses to crime. They are founded on the principle that criminal behaviour harms the victim and the community and not just the state. Accordingly, a core principle of restorative justice is the inclusion of victims in the criminal justice process to address the consequences of this harm. In Nigeria, criminal justice reforms, especially the enactment of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) 2015, aim to protect victims’ rights and interests in participating in the criminal justice system. However, their participation is often hindered by revictimization or secondary victimisation, and this exposure to further harm undermines a central objective of restorative justice. Adopting a doctrinal method, this chapter argues that to effectively facilitate victim participation and reduce the effects of victimisation, victim protection mechanisms are required. Accordingly, the chapter examines the concept of restorative justice, victimisation and the nature of existing victim protection mechanisms available in Nigeria. It then considers the protective mechanisms adopted by Kenya, proposing how Nigeria can draw on the Kenyan practice to reform its own framework
Goethe’s “Delicate Empiricism” and the Sharing of Emotional Meaning through Music: parallels and thoughts
No full textThe annual changes and differences in the physical performance characteristics of sports school students
Get PDFSports schools provide an environment that foster both academic and sporting excellence in youth athletes, yet physical performance during adolescence is strongly influenced by biological growth and maturation. High intensity actions such as sprinting, jumping and changing direction are important in many sports, particularly team sports, but how these characteristics develop across the school year remains unclear, especially in mixed-sex populations. This study explores the seasonal variations in physical performance across an academic year within a sports school, accounting for biological maturation status and sex. A total of 337 different student athletes between the ages 9–19 years (14.10 years ± 1.93) completed anthropometrics assessments, maturity estimations (percentage predicted adult height) and performance testing (20 m sprint, countermovement jump, Pro Agility and 30-15 IFT) at up to ten testing dates across four year (2021–2024). Performance increased with both chronological age and biological maturity in both sexes. In males, sprint, agility, and jump performance increased progressively across age groups, while females demonstrated significantly lower performance at U12 compared to all other age groups yet few differences after that except in 20 m sprint. Females saw maturational differences between pre- and post-PHV in all tests. A significant interaction between test date and maturity was evident in males for CMJ and VO2 max yet only a small effect size was evidenced. These findings highlight the importance of tracking sex specific and maturity related changes across the academic year to appropriately support training prescription, particularly in female athletes who may require more targeted developmental opportunities
“It’s just so superficial and really puts me off personally” – Views and Perceptions of Networking Among Women Working in Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in England
No full textThis paper analyses women’s views and perceptions of networking and the changes in networking practice since the COVID-19 pandemic. The study focuses on a largely unexplored area of women in small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) using a case study from the Leeds City Region, England, UK. An online questionnaire was disseminated to 65 participants (51 women and 14 men), and interviews with 14 women working in SMEs were conducted. A three-tier thematic analysis was used to analyse each dataset individually, and then a joint thematic analysis was conducted. Findings show that networking is mainly assessed negatively and as something that affects work-life balance, causes communication issues, and is largely difficult and not particularly useful. Post-pandemic, a lot of networking is done online with the rise of LinkedIn network, mentioned in the positive context, opening a question of whether LinkedIn networking could solve issues with harassment and work-life balance
The Bradford Dhol Project: Exploring Placemaking and Collective Identity Through a Drum
Get PDFHow can music be used to build a shared sense of place in pluralised, post-industrial locales? Moreover, how can a culturally-significant musical instrument with multiple (and sometimes competing) heritages help develop a shared sense of place in multicultural communities? This article explores these questions through the Bradford Dhol Project (a community music initiative), drawing on qualitative research conducted during dhol workshops with Bradford (U.K.) community groups: Touchstone and ‘Stand and Be Counted’. Bradford is a large post-industrial city marked by economic deprivation and significant cultural diversity, including a sizeable South Asian population. Social issues are exacerbated by it being, to some extent, geographically divided along ethnic lines, generating undercurrents of mistrust and intercommunity tensions. The dhol drum, historically central in Indian and Pakistani musical traditions, has become an aural reminder of ‘home’ for diasporic communities in places like Bradford. Here, it has established new meanings through its prominent presence at public festivals and civic events, not only among the diasporic communities, but also those without historic cultural connections to the instrument. Rather than tracing the dhol’s routes of globalization, this article examines how the instrument’s cultural significance contributes to placemaking by evoking memories of place for those who migrated with it and enabling new meanings formed in the multicultural context of Bradford. Building on Bates’s (2012) call to examine ‘the social life of musical instruments,’ this article demonstrates how culturally significant instruments like the dhol can play an
active
role in social life by supporting the development of shared cultural and spatial identities. Ultimately, it argues that music—and musical instruments in particular—not only carry traces of their origins but also serve as a
tabula rasa
through which new collective senses of place can emerge. Developing shared senses of place and culture is a crucial starting point for improving social cohesion
A Multilevel Approach to Resilience Against Technostress: Development and Preliminary Validation of the Technology‐Related Moderator Scale
Get PDFIn today′s rapidly evolving technological landscape, understanding how new technologies affect employees is essential. While previous research has largely emphasized the negative impact of technostressors on well-being and performance, less attention has been devoted to the protective role of technology-related moderators. This study introduces and preliminarily validates a new scale to assess such moderators. Thirteen items were initially developed through inductive and deductive methods and administered to 1781 Italian employees via an online survey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses—conducted across three samples, including an EFA sample (n = 1781), a first CFA sample (n = 1805), and an independent second CFA sample (n = 888)—supported a three-factor, 12-item structure encompassing technology self-efficacy, organizational resources in technology adoption, and technology-related control. The model showed good fit and reliability. Correlations confirmed that higher scores were associated with lower psychophysical distress and higher job satisfaction. Gender differences emerged, with men reporting higher technology self-efficacy and perceived organizational resources than women, highlighting potential gender-related disparities in access to and confidence with digital tools. As data were collected from Italian employees, the findings should be interpreted within this cultural and occupational context. Future research should replicate the validation across countries and sectors to establish cross-cultural generalizability and normative benchmarks. Overall, the scale provides a reliable instrument for identifying technology-related protective factors, enabling organizations to design targeted interventions to prevent technostress and promote employee well-being
International security of payment legislation in common law jurisdictions: Climbing different sides of the pyramid.
No full textSince 1996, security of payment legislation (SoPL) for the construction industry has been introduced in a number of common law jurisdictions. It aims to limit unfair payment practices and provides rapid dispute resolution through adjudication. This article examines SoPL from a regulatory perspective in the context of the particular policy rationales for SoPL in different jurisdictions. Namely, increasing economic efficiency and/or protecting the contracting and subcontracting businesses most impacted by payment delays and disputes. It finds that the original models of SoPL took a smart or decentered approach to regulation reliant on ex-post enforcement actions by market participants. The steps contractors and subcontractors can take to secure payment are identified but it is further noted that, while SoPL has largely succeeded in its aims, experience in practice has led some jurisdictions to take a more muscular approach including introducing more formal models of regulation backed by penalties and sanctions. The article concludes by noting that the appropriate regulatory model depends on the primary policy objectives in individual jurisdictions. It is also noted that those jurisdictions which sanction particular behaviors are targeting mala prohibita breaches of requirements created specifically by the SoPL. The question is posed whether all SoPL models and rationales should proscribe and sanction those who knowingly and unlawfully seek to avoid or delay payments. This seems to be the commercial mala in se to which all SoPL is addressed even if articulated policy rationales differ. Thus, although SoPL has brought undoubted benefits, particularly to those who undertake construction work, some stakeholders may wish to lobby for further protections
Artificial intelligence-enhanced CSI-based Wi-Fi sensing for non-contact vital sign monitoring: a systematic review
Get PDFBackground
In the recent era, non-invasive health monitoring has gained attention as a crucial component of healthcare. Especially with the advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and Wi-Fi-based sensing technologies offering promising solutions. These technologies can detect vital signs and human activity without physical contact, making them well suited to diverse healthcare environments. However, research on AI-enhanced Wi-Fi signal processing for health monitoring needs to be synthesized to understand its current capabilities, limitations, and potential.
Objectives
This systematic review evaluates Channel State Information (CSI)-based Wi-Fi health monitoring systems, both with and without AI integration. It focuses on key advancements in vital signs detection, assessing the effectiveness of different AI techniques and identifying opportunities for future research.
Methods
Following PRISMA and Kitchenham guidelines, we systematically searched six databases (IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, ACM Digital Library, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate-), retrieving 8,573 records. After screening, 45 published peer-reviewed studies from 2019 to 2024 were selected for analysis. The review focused on AI techniques, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Performance was evaluated using metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score, and sensitivity in scenarios, including multi-user detection and real-time applications.
Results
Experimental findings revealed that AI models demonstrate high accuracy rates, achieving over 95% for heart rate and respiration monitoring, and demonstrate strong scalability and adaptability across various healthcare environments. However, significant challenges remain, including reduced performance in multi-person settings, privacy concerns, and computational efficiency limitations.
Conclusions
AI-enhanced Wi-Fi sensing technologies show immense potential for non-invasive health monitoring, with high accuracy in vital sign detection. But challenges related to multi-user environments, privacy, and computational demands must be addressed. Future research should focus on overcoming these obstacles to advance AI-driven health monitoring technologies in clinical and home settings
A Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications for Fault Detection in Aerospace Hydraulics Systems
Get PDFThe integration of advanced technologies into aerospace systems, par- particularly within hydraulic systems such as landing gear mechanisms, has introduced new dimensions of complexity and vulnerability. This paper discusses the methods of fault detection from a historical perspective to the current state of the art adopted in industry for real-time detection of faults in hydraulic systems deployed in aerospace. A review of fault detection methods ranging from the manual method, the threshold method, the statistical method, the model-based method, the signal-based method, the knowledge-based method and time frequency analysis method, and the artificial intelligence method, Explainable AI (XAI) was explored and discussed in this paper. The review reiterated that while detection methods, such as manual inspection and threshold-based monitoring, are straightforward to implement, they fail to deliver precise results when detecting complex faults. Model-based and AI-driven advanced techniques enhance precision at the expense of demanding greater computational power and sufficient data availability
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