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The Performance Demands and Technical Determinants for Tackle and Ruck Success During the Pool and Knockout Stages of the Men's International World Rugby Sevens Series
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to compare tackle and ruck frequencies between pool and knockout matches during the Men's International World Rugby Sevens Series and also determine which technical determinants increase the likelihood of tackle success within each stage of the tournament. Video analysis of all matches during the 2018/2019 International Men's Rugby Sevens World Series was conducted (n = 449 matches). This equated to 21226 tackle contact events and 6345 rucks events. Each tackle event was further coded for tackle descriptors (type of tackle, direction of contact and point of body contact) and tackle outcomes (successful and unsuccessful). No differences were found between the mean tackles per match of pool and knockout stages (pool 47.5, 95% CI 46.5–48.6 vs. knockout 46.9, 95% CI 45.7–48.0). There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in mean rucks per match between pool and knockout stages (pool 14.8, 95% CI 14.2–15.4 vs. knockout 13.3, 95% CI 12.7–13.9). In conclusion, tackle frequencies per match remained consistent across the series and between the different competition stages and match halves. Ruck frequencies on the other hand decreased from the first tournament to latter parts of the series, and fewer rucks were observed in the knockout stage of the tournaments. The frequency and higher likelihood of tackle success for arm tackles in Sevens highlights a unique demand of Sevens, which strengthens the argument for Sevens‐specific tackle training and coaching
Climate Warming and Deglaciation Drive New Peat Formation in the Southern Alps, Aotearoa/New Zealand
Get PDFNascent peatlands represent an emerging, nature‐based carbon sink in the global climate system. A warming climate and changing precipitation regime could drive peat initiation beyond the current latitudinal and altitudinal boundaries of the peatland bioclimatic envelope, through increases in plant productivity and moisture availability, with potential implications for global radiative forcing. However, contemporaneous observations of new peat formation remain scarce. We investigate peat initiation within the deglaciating Rob Roy valley in the Southern Alps, Aotearoa/New Zealand. We find that montane peats have developed across the head of the valley since ∼1949 C.E., coinciding with regional climate warming and glacial retreat. Further, we identify a common ecological succession, characterized by a rise in brown mosses (mainly Bryum) beginning around ∼1963 C.E. Our findings indicate the potential for wider peat expansion in increasingly warm and wet montane landscapes. However, further bioclimatic modeling is required to elucidate where future peatland developments may occur
PEDI: Towards Efficient Pathway Enrichment and Data Integration in Bioinformatics for Healthcare Using Deep Learning Optimisation
Get PDFThis work presents an enhanced identification procedure utilising bioinformatics data, employing optimisation techniques to tackle crucial difficulties in healthcare operations. A system model is designed to tackle essential difficulties by analysing major contributions, including risk factors, data integration and interpretation, error rates and data wastage and gain. Furthermore, all essential aspects are integrated with deep learning optimisation, encompassing data normalisation and hybrid learning methodologies to efficiently manage large-scale data, resulting in personalised healthcare solutions. The implementation of the suggested technology in real time addresses the significant disparity between data-driven and healthcare applications, hence facilitating the seamless integration of genetic insights. The contributions are illustrated in real time, and the results are presented through simulation experiments encompassing 4 scenarios and 2 case studies. Consequently, the comparison research reveals that the efficacy of bioinformatics for enhancing routes stands at 7%, while complexity diminish to 1%, thereby indicating that healthcare operations can be transformed by computational biology
Living with dementia and other long-term conditions: what works for patient caregiver dyads? A realist review
Get PDFObjectives
Globally, increasing numbers of people are living with multiple long-term conditions. When dementia is a co-occurring condition, contact with services is complicated due to the person’s cognitive difficulties and is often achieved as a dyad (person and carer). This realist review aimed to explain how dyads living with dementia alongside other long-term conditions are enabled (or not) to access and navigate health and care systems.
Method
An iterative, three stage approach synthesised evidence from empirical studies and stakeholders with lived and professional experience (ethics reference 23/LO/0829).
Results
Evidence from 61 studies and stakeholders (30 participants, 68 consulted) built and refined five programme theories for how health and care systems can achieve continuity of support, anticipate adverse events and maintain quality of life. Belief that concerns would be listened to and acted upon led dyads to seek assistance. Time and permission to discuss priorities, prognosis and acceptable levels of burden enabled uncertainties to be managed as a shared endeavour. The collective capacity of the dyad was enhanced by peer support, expertise they accrued over time and professionals who helped anticipate points of change.
Conclusion
Despite years of system changes, structural factors still create excessive burdens for dyads accessing services and constrain professionals’ ability to respond to complex needs
Disparity in Anterior Cruciate Ligament injury management: A case series review across six National Health Service Trusts
No full textBackground
Effective management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries requires a comprehensive approach, from initial assessment, through treatment, rehabilitation, and discharge, however no gold standard care pathway exists to help guide clinicians. This case series provides an overview of current ACL injury management processes in six National Health Service (NHS) Trusts.
Methods
This study utilised a retrospective case series design within six NHS Trusts in the Yorkshire region of the United Kingdom. Using a standard operating procedure, each Trust selected ten consecutive ACL injured patients (≥ 16 years), managed either surgically or non-surgically. Data relating to the patient injury journey, patient and injury characteristics, key pathway events, rehabilitation management, outcome measures, and discharge, were collected. Data was anonymised and analysed using descriptive statistics.
Results
Reviews covered 55 patients, median age 25.5 years, (41 males, 14 females). Median time to specialist assessment from injury was 12 days (Interquartile Range [IQR] 6 to 20 days), with 43 patients managed operatively, and 12 non operatively. The median number of physiotherapy sessions was 21 (IQR 9 to 29.5), with outcome measures being variably used across Trusts. Trusts using patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) consistently with their patients provided more physiotherapy appointments (34.5 and 27) and achieved higher return to sport (RTS) rates. Time from injury to discharge varied with a median of 421 (IQR 249 to 546) days. Discharge criteria were applied inconsistently across Trusts, with 31% of cases not using specific criteria. However, Trusts using standardised discharge criteria showed better RTS outcomes, with 27 (61%) patients successfully returning to sport.
Conclusions
This case series review highlighted some good practice in initial ACL management across six NHS Trusts in the Yorkshire region. However, from time to MRI diagnosis to discharge, substantial variation in care is observed. Whether treated operatively or non-operatively, for patients aiming to RTS, this was achieved with greater consistency when more physiotherapy appointments were undertaken, outcome measures and PROMs were used, and specific discharge criteria was utilised. Future larger pathway investigation studies incorporating causative and predictive analysis studies on a national scale are required to determine whether similar trends are observed in a wider ACL injured population, which could help to improve national pathways for patients and clinicians working towards ensuring more positive and standardised patient-related ACL injury outcomes
Guest editorial: Housing adaptations for healthy ageing: conceptual, theoretical and practical approaches
Get PDFThis editorial introduces a special issue of the International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation (IJBPA). The special issue focuses on housing adaptations for healthy ageing by looking at the conceptual, theoretical, and practical approaches. Housing adaptation is an intervention to modify permanent physical home features to reduce environmental barriers and restore independent living. Adaptations promote independence, make it easier and safer for disabled and older people to live in their homes, and bridge inequalities, leading to a fairer society. It also restores confidence, dignity, self-respect, and their rights to accessible and adaptable housing. As the aged population is currently at its highest level in human history, healthy ageing and independent living are crucial for the elderly and people with disabilities. Ageing in place, a global concern, presents diverse challenges across different countries, each met with unique solutions
Waste generation patterns and mitigation strategies in cold chains
Get PDFThis study explores waste generation patterns in cold chain logistics, emphasizing the interrelationships between product categories, promotional activities, and inventory inefficiencies. Using real-world data from Company A, a comprehensive methodological approach, including time-series analysis and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, was employed to identify critical drivers of waste. The findings demonstrate that promotional activities significantly increase waste levels, notably through overproduction and misaligned demand forecasting. Furthermore, clear seasonal patterns emerged, pinpointing specific periods of peak waste linked to promotions and festive demand spikes. The analysis also highlighted warehouse inefficiencies as key contributors to waste, suggesting targeted logistical optimizations as essential. The study's novelty lies in its application of the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework to structure insights into AI-driven waste reduction strategies specifically tailored for cold chain operations. Unlike existing research, this study integrates AI-powered predictive analytics, sustainable packaging solutions, and waste categorization models, offering an empirically validated, actionable framework for supply chain managers. These results contribute significantly to existing literature by moving beyond generic operational improvements, directly addressing how technological, organizational, and regulatory factors collectively influence waste mitigation. The practical implications highlight the necessity for organizations to adopt a holistic, technology-enabled, and sustainability-oriented approach, ensuring long-term economic and environmental benefits
Self-fashioning, Food and Masculinity in George III’s Monarchy
Get PDFGeorge III was a family man, a modest eater, and a thoughtful ruler who wrote about the big questions of the day, from royal sovereignty to the best methods of agriculture to feed a modern nation. His writings provide a glimpse of his version of monarchy, which placed him at the head of a national family, where he embodied the habits of self-regulation and temperance in keeping with the sensibilities of late eighteenth-century manhood. This article brings together George’s meals and his essays, considering the histories of food, masculinity, and self-fashioning, to argue that George was a monarch who embodied a new form of masculinity, as marked by his agricultural interests and insistence on a modest diet. His eating habits, along with his intellectual interests and public persona, bring us to the intersection between the private man and the public monarch. Drawing on newly digitised data, alongside contemporary caricatures and descriptions, and George’s own writing, we argue that moderation was central to George’s creation of an image that appealed to the emerging British nation of the late eighteenth century; food was central to this image, highlighting both his masculine self-control and his ability to be useful to the nation
Sustainable Optimization of On-Demand Transportation Systems: Balancing Efficiency and Energy Concerns
Get PDFThe rapid growth of on-demand transportation services, driven by technological advancements and evolving urban mobility patterns, has significantly transformed urban transportation. However, this shift has highlighted a critical need to understand the interaction between on-demand services and the broader urban transportation ecosystem. This study addresses the challenge posed by the expansion of on-demand transportation, which competes with traditional public transit and raises questions about sustainability and energy efficiency. This research aims to bridge this gap through an explorative literature review. The methodology involves a systematic review of existing literature on on-demand transportation systems, focusing on themes such as operational efficiency, energy transition, and policy implications. By synthesizing and analyzing this body of literature, the research seeks to uncover insights into the current state of on-demand transportation, identify challenges and opportunities, and suggest directions for future research. Additionally, this study aims to develop operational and theoretical frameworks to support policy formulation and implementation in urban transportation planning. By integrating findings from existing case studies with insights from the literature, these frameworks will guide policymakers and urban planners in promoting sustainable, energy-efficient on-demand transportation systems. Ultimately, the research aims to contribute to evidence-based policies and practices that support the sustainable development of urban transportation networks in response to changing mobility trends. The study highlights key insights into the impact of on-demand transportation services on urban mobility, addressing challenges such as operational efficiency, energy transition, and policy implications. It also proposes operational and theoretical frameworks to guide sustainable policy formulation and implementation in urban transportation planning
More Than ‘Resilience’: A Scoping Review of Institutional and Societal Risk and Protective Factors for <scp>UK</scp> Undergraduate Mental Ill‐Health
No full textPoor mental health among undergraduate students is often addressed through interventions which aim to improve resilience, mindfulness or similar qualities. This shifts the responsibility of improving student mental health onto students themselves and obscures the effect of institutions and societies. This scoping review aimed to identify what is known and what gaps exist in the literature about institutional and societal risk and protective factors for UK undergraduate student mental ill‐health. Eleven databases, Google and reference lists were searched for journal articles and grey literature published between 2005 and 2024, which examined institutional or societal risk or protective factors for UK undergraduate student mental ill‐health. Forty‐four publications met the inclusion criteria for the review. Institutional factors identified related to studying, getting support, university life and interventions. Societal factors identified related to state finance and immigration systems, travel and transport, and the COVID pandemic. These factors are not culturally specific to the UK but rather represent issues of concern for university policymakers and practitioners internationally. This review highlights the importance of student‐centred policies, particularly for financial and study‐related factors, and providing training for university staff on undergraduate mental health and changes they can make to teaching, support services and the campus environment for students generally and sub‐groups of students with particular needs. Potentially fruitful avenues of further research for improving undergraduate student mental health include the impact of campus culture, specific university policies, university facilities and built environments, specific national/regional policies and laws, structural inequalities, cultural norms and local environments or communities
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