53417 research outputs found
Sort by
International Legal History and the Crisis of Modern Time
Get PDFInternational law, it has long been said, loves a crisis, and its turn to history has followed this script. The need for a robust history of the discipline was and continues to be posed against external crises in the present, such as the rise of and eventual disappointment in twenty-first century global governance, the War on Terror and its colonial resonances, and the socially and environmentally destructive expansion of capitalist growth. Yet how these crises relate to history— how contemporary events are taken up as requiring a turn to the past, rather than, say, a traditionally formalist or doctrinal response, and how this history is posed as a de- or reconstructive project—is rarely articulated in any depth. In this paper, I step outside international law’s historiographical debates to reframe the turn to history as a response to a wider ‘crisis of modern time’ that historians and cultural theorists have identified over the past half century. Drawing on the work of Reinhart Koselleck and subsequent writers who have utilised his theory of historical time, such as Francois Hartog, Aleida Assmann, and Fredric Jameson, I reposition the emergence of contemporary international legal history within a wider perceived crisis of modernity, wherein the past, present, and future are no longer linearly separated from one another, but instead becoming mixed in a distinct present of social, technological, and economic acceleration and an increasing significance of memory as a feature of contemporary society. Repositioning the turn to history in this way not only aims to recontextualise international legal history within cross-disciplinary engagements with time and temporality, but also directs the attention of international lawyers to dimensions of Koselleck’s work beyond his conceptual historical method—so far the only aspect of his thought which has received sustained attention within international law. The paper closes with reflections on the insights to be gained from a focus on the temporality of contemporary international legal thought, as well as the challenges these pose to the critical de- and reconstructive hopes demanded of international legal history today
A 45-year retrospective of the European Union’s fishing access agreements with coastal States of the Global South
Get PDFSurvey of electronic growth chart use reveals inconsistent provision and awareness of functionality across the United Kingdom
No full textSinging for lung health following completion of pulmonary rehabilitation: feasibility of a randomised controlled trial.
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a highly effective intervention for people with chronic respiratory disease; however, it is not known how best to sustain its benefits. Clinical trials are needed to establish if participation in singing for lung health (SLH) groups following PR will improve health-related quality of life, healthcare utilisation and exercise capacity compared with usual care. A feasibility study would help to guide development of these trials. METHODS: In a multicentre, mixed-methods randomised controlled feasibility trial, PR participants at four sites were prescreened at baseline assessment. An SLH taster session was included routinely as part of the PR programmes. Eligible PR completers were invited to take part in the trial and randomised to usual care or a 12-week SLH course. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment rate, intervention compliance (at least 8/12 sessions) and health economic analysis. Interviews with participants and study personnel were undertaken and thematic analysis of the results was completed. RESULTS: Between October 2022 and November 2023, 1311 patients were assessed to start PR, 838 completed. Of those completing, 243 were ineligible to take part (predominantly due to vaccination status and excluded diagnoses for PR referral), and 531 declined. 64 people (33 female, mean (SD) age 69 (12), 41 ethnically white, 33 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 16 with asthma, 9 with interstitial lung disease, 6 with bronchiectasis) were recruited, with 30 (93.8%) SLH and 29 (90.6%) controls completing the study. 20 (62.5%) of the SLH group completed at least 8/12 SLH sessions. There was enthusiasm for a definitive trial from participants, clinicians and singing group leaders' perspectives, based on positive experiences of trial involvement. Improvements to recruitment strategy, intervention structure, outcome measures and staffing were suggested. CONCLUSIONS: A definitive randomised controlled trial of SLH post-PR appears feasible, with acceptable uptake and completion rates. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN11056049
The impact of space closure versus space opening and prosthetic rehabilitation treatment on a young person's quality of life, aesthetics, and self-esteem in hypodontia: a longitudinal prospective study
Get PDF
Erratum: Precision measurement of the B0 meson lifetime using B0→J/ψK∗0 decays with the ATLAS detector
Get PDFUsability and Estimated Impact of a Novel Artificial Intelligence Risk Prediction System to Support Early Clinical Decision-Making in Trauma
Get PDFMajor traumatic haemorrhage is the largest cause of preventable death after injury. Clinicians must make rapid treatment decisions for patients with traumatic haemorrhage. However, the accuracy of clinical examination is imperfect, and decision-making is challenging. One solution to improve decision-making in early trauma care is an artificial intelligence (AI) clinical decision support system (CDSS). However, unless it is usable, useful, and trustworthy, it will not be used. This thesis aims to determine the usability and estimated impact of an AI CDSS for trauma. The diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination for major injuries and bleeding was evaluated in 947 trauma patients. Clinical examination had a moderate ability to identify life- and limb-threatening injuries. Diagnostic accuracy varied by body region, and clinician uncertainty impaired diagnostic accuracy. Clinical assessment for diagnosing major traumatic haemorrhage pre-hospital had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 94%, while missed bleeding was associated with threefold higher mortality risk. A qualitative study interviewing experienced trauma clinicians identified multiple determinants and influences of the pre-hospital major haemorrhage protocol activation decision. The decision was difficult for many reasons, and could be facilitated by the use of telemedicine, ultrasound, and CDSS. A previously developed AI prediction model was modified to incorporate diagnostic accuracy and clinician uncertainty. The predictive performance was maintained despite increased complexity. This model was embedded into a novel CDSS, in order to test its usability. A systematic review was conducted, including 23 studies that tested the usability of CDSSs designed for healthcare emergencies. Studies employing both qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate usability yielded the most comprehensive results. An AI CDSS prototype was designed and iteratively tested. The CDSS demonstrated acceptable usability, usefulness, and trustworthiness, though user interface issues persist. The CDSS can impact situational awareness and decision-making, as long as barriers to its use are mitigated
Comorbidity and modifiable risk factors in multiple sclerosis.
Get PDFMulti-system comorbidities are common in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and significantly influence the disease's presentation and progression. A comorbidity is defined as an illness other than the specific disease of interest (in this case, MS). Generally, chronic or recurrent conditions are included, while transient conditions such as infection or concussion are excluded. Certain modifiable metabolic diseases in PwMS, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and modifiable health factors such as smoking, alcohol, and obesity, are also considered part of MS comorbidity in this review, since these are risk factors not only for poor outcomes in MS but also for other vascular comorbidities in PwMS. Cohort studies and clinical trials have reported that comorbidity could have multiple adverse effects on MS. The purpose of this review is to summarize studies investigating modifiable risk factors of comorbidity of MS, as well as multiple body system comorbidities in MS, focusing on the influence these comorbidities have on MS outcomes. We aim to emphasize that the management of MS involves not only disease-modifying therapy, but also requires controlling and preventing modifiable risk factors for comorbidities and appropriate treatment of comorbidities, as these interventions may be equally crucial in improving the prognosis of MS
Improving Effective Temporal Resolution of Schlieren Imaging: A Decomposition-Based Frame Interpolation Method
No full textModern high-speed cameras can record images at very high frame rates, although typically at the expense of a smaller image size due to memory limitations. Using this capability, a dataset capturing a full domain of interest can be recorded, alongside a second series of images that capture a sub-region at higher frame rate. A data-processing technique is developed that combines the spatial and spectral information of two such image sets to generate image reconstructions with the full image domain and higher temporal resolution. The method uses proper orthogonal decomposition of both image sets to extract the constituent spatial and spectral components. A mode-pairing operation enables the full-domain spatial modes to be matched to the corresponding high-frequency spectral content from equivalent flow structures. The method is applied to schlieren imaging data for three compressible flowfields: a Mach 1.3 underexpanded jet flow; incipient transonic buffet over an aerofoil at Mach 0.75; and the perturbed bow shock of a blunt body with a contra-flow nose-jet at Mach 2.0. When the effective frame rates of these image sets are doubled, approximately 20%, 45% and 60% of the pixel values in the temporally varying images are accurately reconstructed for the jet, buffet and bow shock images respectively