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Female school leadership in rural schools during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFAbstract: This study focused on female school principals, as a gender that has been marginalised in society, on challenges they face in navigating leadership in rural schools before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and the possible strategies to overcome these challenges. Six schools from Limpopo province were purposively selected as research sites. Participants were female school principals. Individual in-depth interviews and overt observation were used to collect qualitative data. The research findings revealed that female school principals face many challenges that include gender stereotypes, a lack of support and respect from staff, and the schools’ inferior infrastructures. The outbreak of COVID-19 has exacerbated the alluded challenges that hamper female school principals in managing their rural schools well. COVID-19 has unpredictably and intensely changed the female school principals’ role of leading their schools. This unprecedented nature of the situation means there should be a nurturing of a positive attitude toward female school principals, with female school principals being empowered for their role as school leaders in response to crises. They need a strong support system that promotes equity and equality in schools geared towards the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) with all stakeholders contributing towards strategies and solutions. Key words: educational leadership; female school principal; gender stereotype; rural schools; COVID-19 pandemic; equality and equityM.Ed. (Educational Leadership and Management
Hatching success, survival rate and growth of early life stages of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) after chronic exposure (60 days) to the antiretroviral drug, Efavirenz
Get PDFAbstract: Aquatic ecosystems are becoming increasingly impacted by a wastewater effluent. Wastewater effluent regularly contains chemical pollutants, such as antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) that should be monitored as they may have environmental effects as chemical pollutants are continuously being released. To determine whether effluent and chemical pollutants cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms, exposure studies are the standard. Studies may include fish at all life stages as biomarkers, as these chemicals may have different effects on these different stages. Various endpoints are assessed when testing chemical effects on juveniles that may reflect long-term and subsequent population effects. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a cause for concern in South Africa, as the country has the largest epidemic of the disease in the world. The disease is treated using antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) that have unknown long-term environmental impacts. Efavirenz (EFV) is a drug that is used in these therapies. It has long been considered a gold standard drug for its efficacy as well as having fewer side effects than other types of ARVs. However, EFV is also excreted from the body in both urine and faeces into sewage waste and subsequently water systems, where antiviral drugs are predicted to be some of the most hazardous drugs towards aquatic organisms...M.Sc. (Aquatic Health
Daily work pressure and exposure to bullying-related negative acts : the role of daily transformational and laissez-faire leadership
Get PDFAbstract: The present study integrates the work environment hypothesis and the effort-reward imbalance model to argue that work-related antecedents of workplace bullying are moderated by the day-to-day leadership practices of one’s immediate leader. Specifically, we propose that individuals’ daily experiences of work pressure are positively related to their daily experiences of bullying-related negative acts. Moreover, we claim that this relationship is weaker on days when those individuals report high (vs. low) levels of transformational leadership behaviour, and stronger on days when they report high (vs. low) levels of laissez-faire leadership behaviour. To test these three hypotheses, we asked 61 naval cadets on a tall ship sailing from Northern Europe to North America to fill out a diary questionnaire for 36 days yielding 1509 observations. The results of multilevel analyses supported our hypothesis of a positive relationship of cadets’ daily reports of work pressure with their daily reports of bullying-related negative acts. In addition, laissez-faire leadership behaviour (but not transformational leadership behaviour) moderated the work pressureebullying-related negative acts relationship. Our findings support the assumption that laissez-faire leadership is an important component in the development of conflict escalation and workplace bullying, while transformational leadership is not. We discuss theoretical as well as practical implications of these findings
Transitioning HRM to HSM : Human Self-Management goes beyond traditional HR
Get PDFAbstract: Traditional HRM consists of people and profit management. In the recent decades, HRM has transitioned into human capital management (HCM), focusing on people, planet and profit management. HCM views employees as assets who should be talent managed and supported to innovatively produce and perform through talent opportunities. HCM and talent management strategies promote multiple intelligences and enable multitalented potential to meet individual, organisational, economic and societal needs. Since 21st century humans seek meaningful employment that purposefully contribute to all sectors of society, businesses need to go beyond HR, innovatively exploring how all employees can be developed, thus transforming their high potential into entrepreneurship ventures. Can organisations transition HRM to HCM providing talent creation opportunities, while strategically aiming towards transforming employees into self-managing talent entrepreneurs? The proposed HRM-HSM Transitioning Model with five key steps and roles for HR, line managers and employees may hold the answer to this question, as explored in this conceptual chapter
A review of research works on supervised learning algorithms for SCADA intrusion detection and classification
Get PDFAbstract: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems play a significant role in providing remote access, monitoring and control of critical infrastructures (CIs) which includes electrical power systems, water distribution systems, nuclear power plants, etc. The growing interconnectivity, standardization of communication protocols and remote accessibility of modern SCADA systems have contributed massively to the exposure of SCADA systems and CIs to various forms of security challenges. Any form of intrusive action on the SCADA modules and communication networks can create devastating consequences on nations due to their strategic importance to CIs’ operations. Therefore, the prompt and efficient detection and classification of SCADA systems intrusions hold great importance for national CIs operational stability. Due to their well-recognized and documented efficiencies, several literature works have proposed numerous supervised learning techniques for SCADA intrusion detection and classification (IDC). This paper presents a critical review of recent studies whereby supervised learning techniques were modelled for SCADA intrusion solutions. The paper aims to contribute to the state-of-the-art, recognize critical open issues and offer ideas for future studies. The intention is to provide a research-based resource for researchers working on industrial control systems security. The analysis and comparison of different supervised learning techniques for SCADA IDC systems were critically reviewed, in terms of the methodologies, datasets and testbeds used, feature engineering and optimization mechanisms and classification procedures. Finally, we briefly summarized some suggestions and recommendations for future research works
Alts : An Adaptive Load Balanced Task Scheduling Approach for Cloud Computing
Get PDFAbstract: According to the research, many task scheduling approaches have been proposed like GA, ACO, etc., which have improved the performance of the cloud data centers concerning various scheduling parameters. The task scheduling problem is NP-hard, as the key reason is the number of solutions/combinations grows exponentially with the problem size, e.g., the number of tasks and the number of computing resources. Thus, it is always challenging to have complete optimal scheduling of the user tasks. In this research, we proposed an adaptive load-balanced task scheduling (ALTS) approach for cloud computing. The proposed task scheduling algorithm maps all incoming tasks to the available VMs in a load-balanced way to reduce the makespan, maximize resource utilization, and adaptively minimize the SLA violation. The performance of the proposed task scheduling algorithm is evaluated and compared with the state-of-the-art task scheduling ACO, GA, and GAACO approaches concerning average resource utilization (ARUR), Makespan, and SLA violation. The proposed approach has revealed significant improvements concerning the makespan, SLA violation, and resource utilization against the compared approaches
Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using extracts of Solanum macrocarpon fruit and their redox responses on SPAu electrode
Get PDFAbstract: Please refer to full text to view abstrac
Psychological responses during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic among medical imaging and radiation sciences students at University of Johannesburg
Get PDFAbstract: Background The problem statement identified for this research study concerns the insufficient knowledge regarding the coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic and the psychological impacts on the Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences students at the University of Johannesburg. Aim The aim of this study was to identify and understand the psychological responses of the coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic among the Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences students, where the psychological responses evaluated were depression, anxiety, and stress. The secondary aim of this study was to compare the responses of the junior students with the senior students in MIRS due to the possibility that the psychological responses experienced by the students might have been influenced by their respective academic year and workload placed onto them. Research Methodology This study was an explorative, quantitative, and contextual study that was conducted among the Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences students. The sample students were based on a non-probability, voluntary response sampling strategy. The sample consisted of 113 Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences students that participated in this survey. The sample students were invited via email to complete an online questionnaire to determine their psychological responses to the 2021 covid-19 pandemic. After permission from the relevant departments was obtained to allow the students to participate, the survey link along with the information letter were sent out to the class representatives to distribute the survey to the students. The online questionnaire was used to collect data, the data was then analysed by the researcher with the help of a Statkon statistician...M.Tech. (Chiropractic
Limpopo independent schools principals’ adaption of their instructional leadership practices during 2020 school closures
Get PDFAbstract: School closures in South Africa due to the COVID-19 global pandemic has disrupted education and forced many schools to resort to remote learning. Principals had to bring their instructional leadership to bear to ensure that they and their academic staff implemented quality remote learning at their school. This study aimed to provide some insight into the instructional leadership of independent school principals during remote learning brought about by the COVID-19 global pandemic. This study used a mixed methods design to determine the extent to which independent school principals provided instructional leadership in the province of Limpopo, South Africa, and to investigate how these principals adapted their instructional leadership behaviours during remote learning. Quantitative data was gathered by sending the PIRMS Questionnaire to principals of independent schools in Limpopo. Qualitative data was gathered using an open-ended question. The responses to the PIRMS were analysed through descriptive statistical analysis and the responses to the open-ended questionnaire by using coding to identify themes and sub-themes. The study found that participant-principals of independent schools in Limpopo exhibited substantial instructional leadership behaviours and adapted their instructional leadership in various ways during remote learning. It is recommended that school leadership programmes and professional development courses for principals be revised to accommodate the lessons learnt during school closures and remote learning. Keywords: instructional leadership; remote learning; independent school; school closures.M.Ed. (Educational Leadership and Management
Dynamic capabilities and knowledge management in a South African Public School
Get PDFAbstract: Schools currently face rapid change due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Research has shown that organisations that can reconstruct their resource base and apply knowledge management under volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) conditions can endure and persist despite severe disruptions. The three primary activities of dynamic capabilities, namely sensing, seizing and reconfiguration, can create value for all stakeholders affiliated to public schools amidst disruption when paired with knowledge management activities, such as the creation, sharing and application of knowledge. This study aimed to explore how school leaders in a South African public school perceived dynamic capabilities and knowledge management to deal with rapid change brought on by COVID-19 in a VUCA environment. Semi-structured individual and group interviews were conducted with school leaders at a public school in Johannesburg, South Africa. Findings revealed that resources such as technology as a means of online communication and training played a significant role to facilitate rapid change in this specific VUCA school environment. The reconfiguration of technological resources was perceived to improve teaching skills, team coherence, time efficiency, storage space, and monetary savings. Knowledge management played a significant role in supporting resource configuration, suggesting the interdependent relationship between dynamic capabilities and knowledge management. This study indicated that dynamic capabilities and knowledge management were critical for this school to adapt to rapid change. Knowledge gained from this study can impact policymakers in the Department of Education and school leaders by increasing their abilities to sense, seize and reconfigure existing capabilities and knowledge in the face of rapidly changing environments. Finally, this study recommended extensive training for principals and deputy principals regarding creating, sharing, and applying technology as a means of communication and training. A lack of communication from the senior school management team (Principal and deputy principals) due to technological inefficiency was perceived as a fundamental cause for communication breakdowns between stakeholders in the school.M.Ed. (Educational Leadership and Management
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