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Central American, Caribbean, and Andean species.
No full text55 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 26 cm.Species in the Drosophila bromeliae group visit flowers, where most or all of the species probably breed. They are not collected in significant numbers. The group has thus far included five Neotropical species: aguape Val and Marques, 1996 (from southern Brazil), bromeliae Sturtevant, 1921 (Cuba), bromelioides Pavan and Cunha, 1947 (Brazil), florae Sturtevant, 1921 (type locality Cuba, also reported from the Caribbean and Central Ameria), and speciose Silva and Martins, 2004 (northern Brazil). Based on specimens from various museums, collections by the author, and detailed study of some types, the following revisions are made to the group: Drosophila florae is known only on the basis of the holotype female from Cuba, and bromeliae is widespread throughout Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America; both species are redescribed in detail. Nine new species are described: Drosophila billheedi, n. sp. (from Trinidad); D. manni, n. sp. (Bolivia); D. mexiflora, n. sp. (Mexico, possibly Jamaica); D. paramanni, n. sp. (Costa Rica); D. penispina, n. sp. (Dominican Republic and Costa Rica); D. sevensteri, n. sp. (Panama); D. starki, n. sp. (Dominican Republic); D. stylipennis, n. sp. (Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico); and D. thurstoni, n. sp. (Jamaica). Four additional species are reported but not described since they are based just on females. Brazilian/Amazonian species will be treated separately. Intra- and interspecific geographic variation is documented in widespread species, the immature stages of Drosophila bromeliae are described in detail, and a key to species based on adult males is provided to facilitate identification of these very similar species
High resolution images for 'Exceptional skull of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the late Miocene of Argentina : anatomy, systematics, and paleobiological implications. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 404)'
No full textHigh resolution images for 'Exceptional skull of Huayqueriana (Mammalia, Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the late Miocene of Argentina : anatomy, systematics, and paleobiological implications. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 404)' - http://hdl.handle.net/2246/665
Subgenera of shorttailed opossums (Monodelphis).
No full text44 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 26 cm.Members of the didelphid marsupial genus Monodelphis have previously been classified into species groups, but such informal subdivisions are inconsistent among authors and have contributed little but confusion to the taxonomic history of the genus. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies, however, have consistently recovered several strongly supported multispecies clades that merit formal recognition. Here we define and illustrate morphological characters that are useful for diagnosing these monophyletic groups, which we name and rank as subgenera to conserve binomial usage: Monodelphis Burnett, 1830 (for M. arlindoi, M. brevicaudata, M. domestica, M. glirina, M. palliolata, M. sanctaerosae, and M. touan), Microdelphys Burmeister, 1856 (for M. americana, M. gardneri, M. iheringi, and M. scalops), Monodelphiops Matschie, 1916 (for M. dimidiata and M. unistriata); Mygalodelphys, new subgenus (for M. adusta, M. handleyi, M. kunsi, M. osgoodi, M. peruviana, M. pinocchio, M. reigi, and M. ronaldi); and Pyrodelphys, new subgenus (for M. emiliae). We provide morphological diagnoses and describe pairwise comparisons to facilitate subgeneric identification, and we summarize subgeneric patterns of geographical distribution and sympatry to supplement recently published biogeographic analyses of the genus
Hesperapis rhodocerata : behavioral biology, egg, and larval instars, including behavioral and larval comparisons with H. larreae (Hymenoptera, Melittidae, Dasypodainae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3856)
No full text19 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 26 cm. Portion of an unpublished, undated and untitled manuscript on the biology of the bee genus Hesperapis, by Gerry I. Stage and Roy R. Snelling, available in a supplemental file.This paper reports on a large nesting site of the ground-nesting solitary bee Hesperapis (Carinapis) rhodocerata (Cockerell) from southern New Mexico first discovered in the late summer of 2010 and active again in late summer 2015. Because the site was visited annually during intervening years without observation of any specimens, the species is believed to sustain a multiyear diapause that is broken in response to rain. It is judged to be univoltine, and females at the site collect pollen from Heterotheca (Asteraceae). Nests are briefly described as are the nest-digging behavior and pollen-transport system of females. The feeding behavior of larvae involves grazing on the surface of the food sphere, thus reducing its diameter. This is accomplished with the aid of paired ventral tubercles on each of the three thoracic and first eight abdominal segments and a single median ventral tubercle on the ninth abdominal segment. The second and last larval instars are described and illustrated. The first instar is essentially identical to the second instar except for size. Mature larvae are similar to other known Hesperapis larvae. The strongly curved egg of H. rhodocerata is described and illustrated with a diagram and SEM micrographs of the micropyle. Because the last larval instar does not spin a cocoon and freshly constructed brood cells are unlined by females, questions are evoked concerning humidity control and parasite exclusion during the long diapause of mature larvae. This information is compared with and found in some ways different from that uncovered in an earlier study of H. (Amblyapis) larreae Cockerell. It is hypothesized that the clear thin transparent material covering the postdefecating larva of H. rhodocerata may function to inhibit desiccation and furthermore may be the same material that hardens and waterproofs the cell walls of other congeneric species including H. larreae, thereby serving a similar function but in a different way. Because too few mature larvae of H. larreae had been collected at the time of drafting the study of that species, their description is added here as an addendum
New species of Nesolinoceras Ashmead.
No full text16 pages : color illustrations, map ; 26 cm.The generic limits of Nesolinoceras Ashmead are redefined. The genus is characterized by the supraclypeal and supraantennal areas covered by distinct, uniformly spaced striae; antenna without white band; foretibia distinctly swollen, fusiform; forewing with extensive fuscous bands; areolet large, pentagonal, longer than wide, distinctly convergent; spiracle of first metasomal tergite placed at midlength; and ventral valve of ovipositor apically dilated and overlapping dorsal valve as a lobe. The type species, N. ornatipennis (Cresson) is redescribed, illustrated, and newly recorded from the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands. A new species, N. laluzbrillante, sp. nov., is described from the Dominican Republic. It is diagnosed mainly by having mesopleuron, propodeum, and metasoma extensively marked with blackish and whitish stripes and spots; clypeus in front view with base almost as wide as apex; central ocellus about as large as lateral ones; epicnemial carina short, reaching only 0.4 of length to subalar ridge; and areolet crossveins 2r-m and 3r-m distinctly convergent, but far from meeting on anterior apex of areolet. Previously thought to be restricted to Cuba, Nesolinoceras seems to be relatively widespread in the Caribbean Islands
High resolution images for 'A revision of the didelphid marsupial genus Marmosops. Part 1, Species of the subgenus Sciophanes. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 402)'
No full textHigh resolution images for 'A revision of the didelphid marsupial genus Marmosops. Part 1, Species of the subgenus Sciophanes. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 402)' - http://hdl.handle.net/2246/665
Three new species of the Tropidurus spinulosus group (Squamata, Tropiduridae) from eastern Paraguay. (American Museum novitates, no. 3853)
No full text44 pages : color illustrations, color map ; 26 cm.Tropidurus Wied, 1825, is one of the most ubiquitous lizard genera endemic to South America. Herpetologists from different regions of the continent have progressively mapped new populations, including undescribed species hidden under widely distributed nominal taxa. Currently, four monophyletic species groups are recognized in Tropidurus (T. bogerti group (monotypic), T. semitaeniatus group (four species), T. spinulosus group (five species), and T. torquatus group (16 species)), but none have been comprehensively revised taxonomically. During a collection expedition carried out in Paraguay in 2013, I recognized three new, distinct morphotypes among populations of the Tropidurus spinulosus group formerly assigned to T. guarani Alvarez et al., 1994. To delimit these new taxa, I analyzed coloration patterns, and quantified meristic and morphometric variables, comparing freshly collected samples with specimens housed in five museum collections. In this paper, I describe and illustrate the allopatric T. lagunablanca, n. sp., T. tarara, n. sp., and T. teyumirim, n. sp., and provide notes on their distribution limits, natural history, and conservation status
Systematics of Palaeictops.
No full text41 pages, 1 unnumbered page : illustrations (some color) ; 26 cm.Palaeictops is a genus of early Cenozoic Leptictidae, currently comprising six species known from Eocene faunas in the United States and Canada. Two new species, Palaeictops altimontis and P. robustus, are represented by nearly complete skulls and mandibles from the Tepee Trail (Middle Eocene) and Uinta (Middle Eocene) formations of Wyoming and Utah, respectively. They are similar to other species of Palaeictops in having a single sagittal crest, small suprameatal foramen, and an expanded cochlear fossula. Phylogenetic analysis recovered a monophyletic Palaeictops and a sister relationship of P. bicuspis and P. multicuspis with P. matthewi sister to this clade. The subfamily Leptictinae is herein recognized to comprise Blacktops, Leptictis, Megaleptictis, and Palaeictops. This group is distinctive in having a number of features that indicate a less sectorial cheektooth dentition than in the nonleptictine Prodiacodon and Myrmecoboides. The leptictines Palaeictops and Leptictis are also known from postcranial elements, and these show features, such as the distally fused tibia and fibula, that distinguish them from the condition in Prodiacodon. The late Cretaceous genus Gypsonictops is used as an outgroup for the phylogenetic assessment of leptictids herein, but it remains uncertain whether this taxon has a close relationship with other leptictids or lies outside the crown group Placentalia
East African scorpion genus Pandinoides.
No full text66 pages : illustrations (some color), color map ; 26 cm.The scorpion fauna of East Africa, encompassing Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Uganda, is more diverse than those of West and Central Africa, but a systematic survey has never been conducted and the distributions of its species remain poorly understood. A recent opportunity to examine two extensive collections of East African, and predominantly Kenyan, scorpions and new material acquired by the author permitted a reassessment of the fauna of the region. The present contribution, the first of several emanating from this research, comprises two parts. The first part presents a redefinition and revision of the scorpionid genus Pandinoides Fet, 1997, with a redescription of the type species, Pandinoides cavimanus (Pocock, 1888), a revalidation and redescription of Pandinoides militaris (Pocock, 1900), and a description of Pandinoides duffmackayi, sp. nov. Pending reassessment of the genera and subgenera of Pandinus, sensu lato, based on quantitative phylogenetic analysis, Pandinoides is restricted to the three species with a marked concave depression in the retrodorsal surface of the pedipalp chela manus of the adult male, and Pandinus platycheles Werner, 1916, transferred to Pandinus subgenus Pandinoriens Rossi, 2015, creating a new combination: Pandinus (Pandinoriens) platycheles (Werner, 1916), comb. nov. The availability of large series comprising both sexes and all stages of the three Pandinoides species covered herein revealed considerable variation in counts of pedipalp trichobothria, spiniform macrosetae of the leg telotarsi, and pectinal teeth, among and even within individual conspecifics, calling into question the widespread practice of defining species and supraspecific taxa almost exclusively on trivial meristic differences between small samples of material (often singletons, female or immature). Furthermore, whereas neobothriotaxic patterns with low counts may provide appropriate diagnostic characters for genera and species, in combination with other characters, this is generally inadvisable when trichobothrial counts are high, due to the greater instability of the patterns. The second part of this contribution assesses the validity of several putative species of Pandinus, sensu lato, recently described or revalidated, in light of data presented in the first part, and presents 10 new synonyms: Heterometrus roeseli Simon, 1872 = Pandinus (P.) imperator (C.L. Koch, 1841), syn. nov.; Pandinus (P.) camerounensis Lourenço, 2014 = Pandinus (P.) imperator (C.L. Koch, 1841), syn. nov.; Pandinurus (P.) prendinii Rossi, 2015 = Pandinurus (P.) sudanicus (Hirst, 1911), syn. nov.; Pandinurus (Pandicaporiaccous) Rossi, 2015 = Pandinurus (Pandiborellius) Rossi, 2015, syn. nov.; Pandinurus (Pandicaporiaccous) janae Rossi, 2015 = Pandinurus (Pandiborellius) percivali (Pocock, 1902), syn. nov.; Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) bartolozii Rossi, 2015 = Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) viatoris (Pocock, 1890), syn. nov.; Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) flagellicauda Rossi, 2015 = Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) viatoris (Pocock, 1890), syn. nov.; Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) lorenzoi Rossi, 2015 = Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) viatoris (Pocock, 1890), syn. nov.; Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) pantinii Rossi, 2015 = Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) viatoris (Pocock, 1890), syn. nov.; Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) pygmaeus Rossi, 2015 = Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) viatoris (Pocock, 1890), syn. nov