Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece
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Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia Induced by Voluntary Hypoventilation at Low Lung Volume: A Meta-analysis.
No full textRepeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) induced through voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (RSH-VHL) may represent a low-cost alternative to systemic hypoxia. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the effects of RSH-VHL training interventions on sea-level physical performance compared to similar repeated-sprint training with normal breathing (RSN).
The PubMed/MEDLINE, SportDiscus ® , ProQuest, and Web of Science online databases were examined from inception to February 2025 for original studies investigating the changes in physical performance following RSH-VHL and RSN. Only trained participants were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was determined for repeated-sprint ability related variables [i.e., best and mean performance (RSA best and RSA mean ), sprint decrement score (S dec )] and maximal blood lactate concentration ([La] max ). PEDro scale and Begg & Mazumbar test were used to assessed risk of bias.
From the 776 studies identified through systematic search, 10 studies including a total of 199 individuals (157 males and 42 females) were eligible for meta-analysis. While no effect was observed for RSA best (SMD = 0.038; 95%CI - 0.252-0.328; P = 0.798) and RSA mean (SMD = 0.276; 95%CI - 0.018-0.570; P = 0.066), moderate significant effects were observed for S dec (SMD = 0.603; 95%CI 0.180-1.025; P = 0.005) and [La] max (SMD = 0.611; 95%CI 0.223-0.999; P = 0.002) favoring RSH-VHL vs. RSN.
Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume provides putative gains in fatigue resistance during repeated sprints. Higher maximal blood lactate concentration suggests greater glycolytic contribution during RSH-VHL compared to RSN. Mechanisms underlying these effects are currently unclear and have yet to be identified
Pseudomonas syringae subpopulations cooperate by coordinating flagellar and type III secretion spatiotemporal dynamics to facilitate plant infection.
No full textIsogenic bacterial populations can display probabilistic cell-to-cell variation in response to challenges. This phenotypic heterogeneity can affect virulence in animals, but its impact on plant pathogens is unknown. Previously, we showed that expression of the type III secretion system (T3SS) of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae displays phenotypic variation in planta. Here we use flow cytometry and microscopy to investigate single-cell flagellar expression in relation to T3SS expression, showing that both systems undergo phenotypic heterogeneity in vitro in apoplast-mimicking medium and within apoplastic microcolonies throughout colonization of Phaseolus vulgaris. Stochastic, spatial and time factors shape the dynamics of a phenotypically diverse pathogen population that displays division of labour during colonization: effectors produced by T3SS-expressing bacteria act as 'common goods' to suppress immunity, allowing motile flagella-expressing bacteria to increase and leave infected tissue before necrosis. These results showcase the mechanisms of bacterial specialization during plant colonization in an environmentally and agriculturally relevant system
Factors Contributing to Delayed Initiation of Appropriate Antimicrobial Treatment in Patients With Streptococcal Bacteremia.
No full textStranger in the Village von James Baldwin. Eine ›Schweizer Dorfgeschichte‹ aus der Feder eines Nordamerikaners
No full textAn interlaboratory comparison to quantify oxidative potential measurement in aerosol particles: challenges and recommendations for harmonisation
No full textThis paper presents the findings from a collaborative interlaboratory comparison exercise designed to assess oxidative potential (OP) measurements conducted by 20 laboratories worldwide. This study represents an innovative effort as the first exercise specifically aimed at harmonising this type of OP assay, setting a new benchmark in the field.Over the last decade, there has been a noticeable increase in OP studies, with numerous research groups investigating the effects of exposure to air pollution particles through the evaluation of OP levels. However, the absence of standardised methods for OP measurements has resulted in variability in results across different groups, rendering meaningful comparisons challenging. To address this issue, this study engages in an international effort to compare OP measurements using a simplified method (with a dithiothreitol (DTT) assay).Here, we quantify the OP in liquid samples to focus on the protocol measurement itself, while future international OP interlaboratory comparisons (ILCs) should aim to assess the whole chain process, including the sample extraction. We analyse the similarities and discrepancies observed in the results, identifying the critical parameters (such as the instrument used, the use of a simplified protocol, the delivery and analysis time) that could influence OP measurements and provide recommendations for future studies and interlaboratory comparisons even if other crucial aspects, such as sampling PM methods, sample storage, extraction methods and conditions, and the evaluation of other OP assays, still need to be standardised. This collaborative approach enhances the robustness of the OP DTT assay and paves the way for future studies to build on a unified framework. This pioneering work concludes that interlaboratory comparisons provide essential insights into the OP metric and are crucial to move toward the harmonisation of OP measurements
Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Technologies for the Early Detection of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Scoping Review
No full textPeople with dementia commonly display behavioral and psychological symptoms, which have multiple negative consequences. Artificial intelligence-based technologies (AITs) have the potential to support earlier detection of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The recent surge of interest in this topic underscores the need to comprehensively examine the existing evidence.
This scoping review aimed to identify and summarize the types and uses of AITs currently used for the early detection of BPSD among people diagnosed with the disease. We also examined which health care professionals were involved, nursing involvement and experience, the care settings in which these technologies are used, and the characteristics of the BPSD that were assessed.
Our scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute manual for scoping reviews. Searches were conducted in March 2025 in the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE ALL Ovid, Embase, APA PsycINFO Ovid, CINAHL EBSCO, Web of Science Core Collection, the Cochrane Library Wiley, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A&I. Additional searches were performed using citation tracking strategies and by consulting the Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library. Eligible studies included primary research involving people with dementia and examining the use of AITs for the detection of BPSD in real-world care settings.
After screening 3670 articles for eligibility, the review includes 12 studies. The studies retained were conducted between 2012 and 2025 in 5 countries and encompassed a range of care settings. The AITs used were predominantly based on classic machine learning approaches and used information from environmental sensors, wearable devices, and data recording systems. These studies primarily assessed behavioral and physiological parameters and focused specifically on symptoms, such as agitation and aggression. None of the retained studies explored nurses' roles or their specific skills in using these technologies.
The use of AITs for managing BPSD represents an emerging field of research offering novel opportunities to enhance their detection in various health care contexts. We recommended that nurses be actively engaged in developing and assessing these technologies. Future research should prioritize investigations into how effective AITs are across diverse populations, whether they can have a long-term impact on managing BPSD, and whether they can improve the quality of life of patients and caregivers.
© Sofia Fernandes, Joëlle Rosselet Amoussou, Carla Gomes da Rocha, Elodie Perruchoud, Armin von Gunten, Cédric Mabire, Henk Verloo. Originally published in JMIR Aging (https://aging.jmir.org)
Efficacy of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation in populations with psychiatric and/or substance use problems: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
No full textPeople with psychiatric and substance use disorders are more likely to smoke and less likely to quit than smokers in the general population. We evaluated the efficacy of e-cigarettes for abstinence from tobacco smoking in people with psychiatric and substance use problems.
We analyzed data collected in the larger 'Efficacy, Safety, and Toxicology of ENDS as an Aid for Smoking Cessation' (ESTxENDS) trial (n=1246): the intervention group received e-cigarettes and e-liquids, plus standard-of-care smoking cessation counseling (SOC) for 6 months; the control group received SOC and a voucher. The primary outcome was biochemically validated continuous self-reported abstinence at 6 months; secondary outcomes included 6-month and 7-day self-reported abstinence. We calculated adjusted relative risks (ARR) for two subsamples meeting these conditions at the baseline visit: 1) psychotropic medication use; and 2) problematic substance or polysubstance use.
Among the participants using psychotropic medications (n=239), the ARR for validated abstinence was 2.62 (95% CI: 1.40-4.90) in the intervention group versus the control group, 2.95 (95% CI: 1.72-5.07) for 6-month and 2.96 (95% CI: 1.92-4.55) for 7-day self-reported abstinence, while among participants with problematic substance or polysubstance use (n=818), the ARR was 1.57 (95% CI: 1.20-2.04), 1.42 (95% CI: 1.15-1.74), and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.31-1.79), respectively.
Adding e-cigarettes to standard-of-care counseling increased the likelihood that participants with psychiatric and substance use problems would abstain from smoking, but larger studies should test the efficacy and safety of smoking cessation interventions in this often-marginalized population
Uncovering the determinants of attitudes towards true cost accounting for food: a study with Swiss residents
No full textComplementary effects of trabecular bone score and hip axis length on fracture risk: the Manitoba BMD Registry
No full textTrabecular bone score (TBS), derived from the spine dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) image, and hip axis length (HAL), derived from the hip DXA image, are bone mineral density (BMD)-independent risk factors for fracture. To date, no studies have directly compared the additive benefits of using TBS and HAL in combination. We found that TBS and HAL made independent contributions to fracture risk, with TBS having a larger benefit for major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) whereas HAL had a larger benefit for hip fractures.
To compare the effects of TBS and HAL on fracture risk, separately and in combination.
A total of 55,068 individuals (mean age 63.5 years, 90.9% female) from the Manitoba Bone Density Program aged ≥ 40 years with baseline assessment of TBS and HAL measurements.
Incident MOF and hip fractures were assessed from population-based linked healthcare data. The effects of TBS and HAL were assessed in Cox regression models, adjusted for multiple covariates.
TBS and HAL were significantly associated with incident MOF and hip fracture in all regression models independent from other covariates including BMD. There were minimal differences when TBS and HAL were evaluated separately versus in combination. TBS showed a consistently greater effect on MOF risk compared with HAL, but also showed greater BMD attenuation. In a fully adjusted model with total hip BMD, with both variables evaluated simultaneously, TBS (per SD decrease) was associated with a 16% increase in MOF risk (HR 95% CI 1.12-1.19) whereas HAL (per SD increase) was associated with an 8% increase (HR 95% CI 1.05-1.11). HAL showed a greater effect on hip fracture risk when adjusted for BMD. With both variables evaluated simultaneously, HAL (per SD increase) was associated with a 24% increased risk of hip fracture (HR 95% CI 1.18-1.30) compared with TBS (per SD decrease) 13% (HR 95% CI 1.07-1.19).
TBS and HAL showed mutually independent and complementary benefits for fracture prediction. This supports the use of TBS and HAL in combination for improved fracture risk assessment.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the International Osteoporosis Foundation and the Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation