Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece
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Longitudinal association of exposure to work-related stress with major depressive disorder and the role of occupational burnout in this association in the general population.
No full textTo prospectively assess (1) the associations of Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI), its individual components, and over-commitment with (a) the onset of a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) during a 3.6-year follow-up in a population-based cohort in participants with no current Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in the beginning of the follow-up (n = 959), (b) incidence of MDD in the subsample of participants exempt from lifetime MDD (n = 490), and (c) the onset of a new MDE (i.e. recurrence) in the subsample of participants with remitted but no current MDD (n = 485), and (2) potential effect modification of burnout on these associations.
DSM-IV Axis-I disorders were elicited using the semi-structured Diagnostic Instrument for Genetic Studies at each investigation. The ERI Questionnaire was used to measure ERI and overcommitment. Burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey. Serially adjusted logistic regression models were used. The effect of burnout dimensions on these associations was assessed by testing interactions between the ERI and burnout dimensions.
(1) ERI was prospectively associated with the onset of MDE, even after adjustment for burnout [OR (95CI) = 1.22 (1.003-1.49)]. (2) The association between ERI and MDD incidence became non-significant after adjusting for burnout. (3) ERI was not associated with recurrence of pre-existing MDD. (4) burnout did not interact with ERI.
Our results support a longitudinal association between ERI and the risk of onset of MDE in the community. Burnout did not modify this effect, but it may partially account for the association between ERI and MDD incidence
Symposium de tabacologie et prévention du tabagisme 2025 : note de synthèse
No full textLe symposium a abordé notamment les enjeux des co-addictions et le vapotage pour l’aide à l’arrêt du tabac. Il a aussi couvert l’influence de l’industrie dans la recherche, un bilan historique suisse et les déterminants commerciaux de la santé
Estimating the prevalence of adults at risk for advanced hepatic fibrosis using FIB-4 in a Swiss tertiary care hospital.
No full textChronic liver diseases pose a serious public health issue. Identifying patients at risk for advanced liver fibrosis is crucial for early intervention. The Fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4), a simple non-invasive test, classifies patients into three risk groups for advanced fibrosis. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of patients at risk for advanced hepatic fibrosis at a Swiss tertiary care hospital by calculating the FIB-4 score in routine blood analysis.
A retrospective study was conducted using data from 36,360 patients who visited outpatient clinics at eight main clinics of the University Hospital Bern in Switzerland. The data collection period ran from January 1st to December 31st, 2022. Patients attending the hepatology outpatient clinic were excluded. We then calculated the overall and clinic-specific prevalence of patients falling into the high risk category for advanced fibrosis according to FIB-4.
Among the 36,360 patients, 26,245 (72.2%) had a low risk of advanced fibrosis (FIB-4 2.67 and FIB-4 >3.25 respectively). Geriatrics and Cardiology had the highest proportions of patients at risk for advanced fibrosis over all clinics.
This study demonstrates a high prevalence of high FIB-4 score in a Swiss tertiary care hospital. The implementation of the automatically generated FIB-4 score in daily practice, not only in primary care, but also within tertiary care hospitals, could be crucial for early identification of outpatients at high risk of advanced liver fibrosis requiring further hepatological investigations
Embryonic Development of Caenorhabditis elegans Sense Organs
No full textCaenorhabditis elegans sense organs provide a powerful model for understanding how different cell types interact to assemble a functional organ. Each sense organ is composed of two glial cells, called the sheath and socket, and one or more neurons. A major challenge in studying their development has been the lack of methods to directly observe these structures in the embryo. Here, we mine a recently published high-resolution ultrastructural dataset of a comma-stage embryo that provides an untapped resource for visualizing early developmental events. From this dataset, we reconstructed all head sense organs (two amphid [AM], four cephalic [CEP], six inner labial [IL], four outer labial quadrant [OLQ], and two outer labial lateral [OLL]). Symmetric sense organs were at different stages of morphogenesis, allowing us to infer developmental steps by which they form. First, we found that the sheath glial cell begins wrapping its partner neurons at the distal tip of the dendrites where it self-fuses into a seamless tube and then "zippers" down the dendrite. In many cases, sheath glia wrap the progenitors of partner neurons prior to their terminal division. After sheath wrapping has begun, the socket glia wraps the sheath glia circumferentially before presumably elongating to form the mature sheath-socket channel. We also observed transient interactions not found in the mature animal, such as amphid sheath glia wrapping the AUA neuron, that may reflect ancestral relationships. This study demonstrates the value of large public EM datasets that can be mined for new insights and sheds light on how neurons and glia undergo coordinated morphogenesis.
© 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Comparative Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC
The Luminal Ring Protein C2CD3 Acts as a Radial In-to-Out Organizer of the Distal Centriole and Appendages
No full textCentrioles are polarized microtubule-based structures with appendages at their distal end that are essential for cilia formation and function. The protein C2CD3 is critical for distal appendage assembly, with mutations linked to orofaciodigital syndrome and other ciliopathies. However, its precise molecular role in appendage recruitment remains unclear. Using Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy (U-ExM), iterative U-ExM, and in situ cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), we reveal that C2CD3 adopts a radially symmetric 9-fold organization within the centriole's distal lumen. We show that the C-terminal region of C2CD3 localizes close to a ~100 nm luminal ring structure consisting of ~27 nodes, while its N-terminal region localizes close to a hook-like structure that attaches to the A-microtubule as it extends from the centriole interior to exterior. This hook structure is adjacent to the DISCO complex (MNR/CEP90/OFD1), which marks future appendage sites. C2CD3 depletion disrupts not only the recruitment of the DISCO complex via direct interaction with MNR but also destabilizes the luminal ring network composed of C2CD3/SFI1/centrin-2/CEP135/NA14, as well as the distal microtubule tip protein CEP162. This reveals an intricate "in-to-out" molecular hub connecting the centriolar lumen, distal microtubule cap, and appendages. Although C2CD3 loss results in shorter centrioles and appendage defects, key structural elements remain intact, permitting continued centriole duplication. We propose that C2CD3 forms the luminal ring structure and extends radially to the space between triplet microtubules, functioning as an architectural hub that scaffolds the distal end of the centriole, orchestrating its assembly and directing appendage formation
Une institutrice neuchâteloise en Hollande à l’aube du XIXe siècle. À travers les journaux d’Henriette Perroud (1784-1849) et les lettres de ses proches.
No full text"Reimagining One Thousand and One Nights". A Journey Through Justice, Morality, and Patriarchy in Naguib Mahfouz’s "Arabian Nights and Days" and "Hanan al-Shaykh’s One Thousand and One Nights".
No full textCorrelates and trajectories of alcohol and cannabis misuse in the early phase of psychosis: Do we need substance specific interventions?
No full textSubstance use disorder (SUD) is common in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and linked to poorer clinical and functional outcomes. Previous studies were mostly cross-sectional or short-term, leaving the longitudinal impact of SUD course unclear. This study aimed to (A) group patients based on different trajectories of cannabis use disorder (CUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) over 3-year follow-up and to (B) examine associations with baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes.
We included 467 FEP patients enrolled in a 3-year early intervention program. Latent class analysis found subgroups based on cannabis and alcohol use trajectories. Groups were then compared using logistic regressions and mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM), adjusting for relevant confounders.
We found different evolution of AUD and CUD: alcohol users tended to maintain consumption over time, while a subset of cannabis users reduced their consumption. Persistent alcohol users showed worst baseline characteristics and outcomes if compared to abstinent or light consumers. Concerning cannabis, MMRM analyses showed that abstinent or light users consistently had better symptom evolution compared to persistent or decreased users. However, the decreased group showed higher hospitalization rates than the other groups. They also showed gradual improvement in negative symptoms, reaching similar levels to abstinent users by the end of the program.
This study outlines the distinct evolution of alcohol and cannabis consumption in FEP patients, suggesting the importance of tailored therapeutic approaches. Consistently with existing literature, abstinence or light use seems to be beneficial, while reducing cannabis use appears to offer a limited clinical improvement.
Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Comment la dépression vint au singe. Harry F. Harlow et le défi de la psychopathologie expérimentale.
No full textL’expérimentation animale est un des piliers de la recherche biomédicale. Quid de la psychiatrie ? Peut-on substituer l’animal à l’homme pour étudier la pathologie mentale ? Dans le sillage de la révolution psychopharmacologique des années 1950, les modèles animaux servaient principalement à chercher de nouveaux médicaments psychotropes et simulaient au mieux des comportements observables et leur hypothétique déterminisme neurochimique. A la fin des années 1960, le psychologue Harry Harlow a formé un autre projet, plus iconoclaste : modéliser, chez le singe, la dépression comme un trouble motivé par des chocs externes, se manifestant par une perturbation de la vie sociale des individus. Dans son laboratoire de l’Université du Wisconsin, Harlow et son équipe ont ainsi développé une variété de techniques pour induire, par confinement et par privation sociale, des comportements de type dépressif. Surpris par l’importante variabilité des réponses aux manipulations expérimentales, ils ont été contraints de réexaminer le statut des syndromes animaux. En étudiant la genèse de ce projet de psychopathologie expérimentale et les moyens mis en œuvre pour le réaliser, et en confrontant ses ambitions à la « récalcitrance » des singes, il explore les ressorts de la fragilité des modèles animaux de troubles mentaux
Promoting equitable access to financial services to end financial discrimination against cancer survivors in Europe: scientific and ethical reasons
No full textCancer incidence and prevalence of cancer survivors are rising. The European Cancer Information System projects 3.25 million new cases in the EU-27 by 2040 versus 2.74 million in 2022; currently, 23 million people live with a previous cancer diagnosis. Cancer survivors face physical, psychosocial, and economic sequelae. Financial toxicity (FT)-the objective and subjective economic burden of cancer-compromises adherence, quality of life, and survival outcomes. Furthermore, mandatory disclosure of a cancer history when seeking loans or insurance further increases FT.
We carried out a narrative review on FT prevalence, determinants, and interventions, and analyzed national 'right-to-be-forgotten' (RTBF) legislations across EU member states to assess their scientific rationale and economic impact.
FT rates ranged from 41% to 48% for objective burden and from 7% to 39% for subjective strain, even in public health care systems. Socioeconomic vulnerability and incomplete social protection were the most consistent drivers of FT. Eleven trials of early financial navigation produced only modest, short-term improvements. Nine EU countries have enacted RTBF legislations. Common eligibility criteria include a minimum remission period (MRP) of 5-10 years for adults, a universal 5-year MRP for pediatric/adolescent cancers, and shorter MRPs (1-3 years) for very-low-risk entities. A significant variability exists between eligibility criteria across countries. Available data from countries where RTBF has been enforced for a longer period show high acceptance rate of survivors' loan insurance applications with acceptable solvency and minimal strain on the insurance system.
FT is a prevalent, preventable aftermath among cancer survivors. Structural frameworks such as RTBF legislation can widen equitable access to credit with no major impact on the insurance market. The European Society for Medical Oncology therefore calls for EU-wide adoption of a unified 5-year MRP for RTBF access and for continuous research on the topic, including development of dynamic risk models to reflect contemporary oncology care while integrating socioeconomic data.
Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved