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Parents resourcing children's early development and learning
No full textParents deal with a complex web of choices when seeking and using knowledge and resources related to their young children’s literacy development. Information concerning children’s learning and development comes in many forms and is produced by an increasingly diverse range of players including governments, non‐government organisations and commercial businesses. This study used a survey, interview and artefact collection to investigate mothers’ and fathers’ reported activities in seeking, accessing, producing and circulating information and resources related to children’s learning and development. Differences were found relating to parent gender and level of education. Parents’ resourcing activities are also shaped by their particular goals for their children.
The steady-state region of attraction under linear feedback control: A numerical approach
No full textIn this paper, a numerical approach to operability analysis is developed. Based on the concept of the steady-state region of attraction, which indicates the initial operating conditions that can be driven to a given setpoint, this analysis helps design engineers assess whether a process can be effectively controlled by linear control systems. Using steady-state operating data that are generated with process simulators (such as ASPEN PLUS®), the steady-state region of attraction are calculated by solving the proposed constrained nonlinear optimization problem. The objective function for the optimization problem is developed using the ellipsoid theory while the constraint functions are formulated from the complement set of the initially defined constraint set and the boundary of the available input space (AIS). Furthermore, as the solution of a nonlinear optimization problem generally depends on the initial starting point, a method of generating a set of ellipsoids in the hyperspace to start the calculation is also developed. The proposed constrained nonlinear optimization problem can be solved using numerical tools such as MATLAB®. This analysis can be performed based on process flowsheets with process simulators and thus is useful in early stages of process design. The use of the proposed numerical framework is illustrated by a case study of a methyl acetate reactive distillation column.
Policy change and educational inertia : language policy and language education in Australian schooling
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