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Synthesis, biochemical and molecular modelling studies of antiproliferative azetidinones causing microtubule disruption and mitotic catastrophe
No full textThe structure-activity relationships of antiproliferative β-lactams, focusing on modifications at the 4- position of the β-lactam ring, is described. Synthesis of this series of compounds was achieved utilizing the Staudinger and Reformatsky reactions. The antiproliferative activity was assessed in MCF-7 cells, where the 4-(4-ethoxy)phenyl substituted compound 26 displayed the most potent activity with an IC50 value of 0.22 μM. The mechanism of action was demonstrated to be by inhibition of tubulin polymerisation. Cell exposure to combretastatin A-4 and 26 led to arrest of MCF-7 cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis. Additionally, mitotic catastrophe for combretastatin A-4 and for 26 was demonstrated in breast cancer cells for the first time, as evidenced by the formation of giant, multinucleated cells.
Biomedical applications and colloidal properties of amphiphilically modified chitosan hybrids
No full textChitosan is among the most abundant biopolymers on earth and has been either used orexhibited potential in a wide variety of industrial and biomedical applications. With theadvancement of materials technologies, chitosan has been chemically modified to self-assemble into nanoarchitectures that are usable in advanced biomedical applications, suchas drug nanocarriers, macroscopic injectables, tissue-engineering scaffolds, and nanoimag-ing agents. Colloidal amphiphilically modified chitosan (AMC) is a relatively recent materialreceiving increased attention with numerous publications addressing the medical advan-tages of specific systems. To date, many reviews have focused on the synthesis andbiomedical properties of chitosan-based biomaterials, but a comprehensive study focusingon the colloidal properties of AMC in relation to biomedical performance appears to be lack-ing. This review provides a survey of the field, critically reviewing the colloidal propertiesand biomedical performance of AMC systems, such as nanoparticle drug delivery systemsand macroscopic medical devices. Finally, the future development, market potential, andclinical implications of these promising colloidal-structured biomaterials are summarised.
Positive fantasies or negative contrasts: The effect of media body ideals on restrained eaters' mood, weight satisfaction, and food intake
No full textBMO from dyadic BMO via expectations on product spaces of homogeneous type
No full textUsing the random dyadic lattices developed by Hytönen and Kairema, we build up a bridge between BMO and dyadic BMO, and hence one between VMO and dyadic VMO, via expectations over dyadic lattices on spaces of homogeneous type, including both the one-parameter and product cases. We also obtain a similar relationship between ApAp and dyadic ApAp, as well as one between the reverse Hölder class RHpRHp and dyadic RHpRHp, via geometric–arithmetic expectations. These results extend the earlier theory along this line, developed by Garnett, Jones, Pipher, Ward, Xiao and Treil, to the more general setting of spaces of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss.
Invited guest editorial : envisioning the next fifty years of research on the exercise–affect relationship
No full textConclusions: The study of the exercise–affect relationship remains one of the most vibrant and prolific areas of research within exercise psychology. The last few years, in particular, have witnessed a dramatic expansion of the research agenda, addressing questions of great societal importance, increased interdisciplinary interest, and direct implications for practice.
Use of a perceptually-regulated test to measure maximal oxygen uptake is valid and feels better
No full textA maximal, perceptually-regulated exercise test (PRETmax) whereby participants control the intensity according to preset ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) may induce more positive affective responses than a conventional ‘experimenter controlled’ incremental ramp test (Iramp). The authors aimed to assess (1) if a PRETmax could be used to measure VO2max and (2) if affective responses differed between the PRETmax and Iramp. Sixteen participants (age 20.5, s=1.2 y) completed a PRETmax which required them to adjust the resistance on a recumbent cycle ergometer to correspond to prescribed RPEs of 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 20 and an Iramp. Both tests ended with volitional exhaustion. Affect was recorded every minute throughout exercise using the Feeling Scale (FS). There was no difference (P>0.05) between VO2max measured by PRETmax (43.5, s=4.1 ml kg−1 min−1) and Iramp (44.3, s=4.9 ml kg−1 min−1). Participants reported feeling significantly less negative (P<0.001) throughout the PRETmax compared to Iramp (average mean difference FS = 1.4, s=0.1). The PRETmax has application in situations where the direct measurement of VO2max is required and the affective responses of the individual are considered to be important.
The experience of young adult cancer patients described through online narratives
No full textInterventions/methods: Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to identify eligible Web sites. The Web site that most corresponded to the selection criteria was chosen for analysis (Planet Cancer, http://www.planetcancer.org/). The blog content generated in July 2011 was collected. The blogs were written by a total of 34 female and 12 male writers and included 136 (by female) and 28 (by male) blog entries. Researchers conducted a descriptive qualitative examination of blogs to explore YAACs’ experiences during/after cancer.
The three-user finite-field multi-way relay channel with correlated sources
No full textThis paper studies the three-user finite-field multi-way relay channel, where the users exchange messages via a relay. The messages are arbitrarily correlated, and the finite-field channel is linear and is subject to additive noise of arbitrary distribution. The problem is to determine the minimum achievable source-channel rate, defined as channel uses per source symbol needed for reliable communication. We combine Slepian-Wolf source coding and functional-decode-forward channel coding to obtain the solution for two classes of source and channel combinations. Furthermore, for correlated sources that have their common information equal their mutual information, we propose a new coding scheme to achieve the minimum source-channel rate.
Bioremediation of arsenic-contaminated water : recent advances and future prospects
No full textArsenic contamination of groundwater and surface water is widespread throughout the world. Considering its carcinogenicity and toxicity to human and animal health, remediation of arsenic-contaminated water has become a high priority. There are several physicochemical-based conventional technologies available for removing arsenic from water. However, these technologies possess a number of limitations such as high cost and generation of toxic by-products, etc. Therefore, research on new sustainable and cost-effective arsenic removal technologies for water has recently become an area of intense research activity. Bioremediation technology offers great potential for possible future application in decontamination of pollutants from the natural environment. It is not only environmentally friendly but cost-effective as well. This review focuses on the state-of-art knowledge of currently available arsenic remediation methods, their prospects, and recent advances with particular emphasis on bioremediation strategies.