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How we look at others in anger: development of the McLinton Interpersonal Domain-specific Anger Instrument (MIDAI)
No full textInterpersonal anger focuses on how an individual’s potential to anger may be influenced by the characteristics of other people, specifically the perpetrator of anger-eliciting behaviour and their environment. This chapter describes the process used to generate and validate a new anger measure. To develop an instrument to measure this recently operationalised anger construct we employed the Delphi technique, gaining consensus with an international panel of 15 anger experts from seven countries. Face validity and readability were assessed with a group of 21 postgraduate psychology students. The final five scales each dealt with a different target individual, forming the McLinton Interpersonal Domain-specific Anger Instrument (MIDAI). The MIDAI was piloted in a random stratified community sample (Australia; N=301) to test psychometric properties and reliabilities, and to explore the factor structure. The second wave of longitudinal data (Australia; N=204) displayed good test-retest reliability, and a validation sample of cross-cultural data (Japan; N=300) confirmed the two factor structure of each MIDAI scale; overt hostility and covert provocation. Results show significant differences in anger toward different targets, and indicate interpersonal anger to be a trait rather than transient state. It suggests that individuals may have different predispositions to anger according to characteristics of the target and the environment (domain) in which it occurs.
Improving procedural task performance with augmented reality annotations
No full textThis paper presents results of a study measuring user performance in a procedural task using Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR). The task required participants to press sequences of buttons on two control panel designs in the correct order. Instructions for the task were shown either on a computer monitor, or projected directly onto the control panels. This work was motivated by discrepancies between the expectations from AR proponents and experimental findings. AR is often promoted as a way of improving user performance and understanding. With notable exceptions however, experimental results do not confirm these expectations. Reasons cited for results include limitations of current display technologies and misregistration caused by tracking and calibration errors. Our experiment utilizes SAR to remove these effects. Our results show that augmented annotations lead to significantly faster task completion speed, fewer errors, and reduced head movement, when compared to monitor based instructions. Subjectively, our results show augmented annotations are preferred by users.
Impact of iron-based nanoparticles on microbial denitrification by Paracoccus sp. strain YF1
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More outcomes than trials: a call for consistent data collection across stroke rehabilitation trials
No full textStroke survivors experience complex combinations of impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. The essential components of stroke rehabilitation remain elusive. Determining efficacy in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is challenging; there is no commonly agreed primary outcome measure for rehabilitation trials. Clinical guidelines depend on proof of efficacy in RCTs and meta-analyses. However, diverse trial aims, differing methods, inconsistent data collection, and use of multiple assessment tools hinder comparability across trials. Consistent data collection in acute stroke trials has facilitated meta-analyses to inform trial design and clinical practice. With few exceptions, inconsistent data collection has hindered similar progress in stroke rehabilitation research. There is an urgent need for the routine collection of a core dataset of common variables in rehabilitation trials. The European Stroke Organisation Outcomes Working Group, the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Common Data Elements project, and the Collaborative Stroke Audit and Research project have called for consistency in data collection in stroke trials. Standardizing data collection can decrease study start up times, facilitate data sharing, and inform clinical guidelines. Although achieving consensus on which outcome measures to use in stroke rehabilitation trials is a considerable task, perhaps a feasible starting point is to achieve consistency in the collection of data on demography, stroke severity, and stroke onset to inclusion times. Longer term goals could include the development of a consensus process to establish the core dataset. This should be endorsed by researchers, funders, and journal editors in order to facilitate sustainable change.
Paid annual leave in Australia: Who gets it, who takes it and implications for work-life interference
No full textWorking time is mostly studied in terms of daily and weekly hours. However, longer breaks from work, in the form of paid annual leave, are also an important aspect of working time, and can help workers manage the fit between their working lives and activities beyond work. Analysing nationally representative data from the Australian Work and Life Index we find that 60% of full-time workers with an entitlement to paid annual leave did not use their full leave entitlement in 2009. Compared to an earlier survey in 2002, very little has changed. Work-related pressures are prominent barriers to leave uptake. There are significant work–life penalties for not taking paid annual leave – particularly for workers with parenting responsibilities and for women. When asked to choose between two weeks’ additional paid leave and an equivalent pay rise, the majority choose more paid leave over a pay increase. These findings support a strengthening of Australian employees’ paid leave entitlements, including increasing entitlements and broader eligibility. There is also a case for more assertive management of leave, so that workers can take annual leave regularly rather than allow leave to accumulate.
The impact of niche green developments in transforming the building sector: The case study of lochiel park
No full textPastoralists' knowledge of plant palatability and grazing indicators in an arid region of South Australia
No full textIt can be difficult for natural resource management practitioners, who may not observe the landscape regularly, to evaluate land condition and prescribe appropriate land management strategies. It is argued that the participation of pastoralists in science and policy development is fundamental to achieving sustainable land management, providing opportunities for social learning within an adaptive management framework.
