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Attitudes toward speech communities in Senegal: A cross sectional study
No full textSenegal is a multiethnic country where there are around 20 communities speaking 25
languages. The Wolof community is the largest (42.7%) and its language is the lingua franca
in the country. However, fieldwork in Senegal found out perceptible signs of the corrosion of
the attitudes of Senegalese people toward the Wolof speech community which are
disturbingly less positive than one would expect. For instance, 27% of the respondents
(N=404) rated the Wolof people as dishonest, 38% viewed them as insincere, 33% perceived
them as lazy, and 43% rated them as unreliable.
This paper examines attitudes toward speech communities in Senegal, namely Wolof, the
mother tongues, French and English. It argues that language policy in Senegal should focus
on fostering positive attitudes if the Wolof language is to be given the status and the roles it
aspires.
Predicting the surface chemistry contribution to the flotation recovery of chalcopyrite by ToF-SIMS
No full textIn flotation, the surface chemistry of the minerals plays a crucial role in the selectivity and recovery of valuable minerals. Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) surface analysis is used in this study to investigate the impact of surface chemistry on the flotation of chalcopyrite with dithiophosphate collector. The ToF-SIMS data corresponding to concentrate and tail particles were statistically analysed employing a combination of multivariate statistical techniques – principal components analysis and discriminant analysis – to identify the surface species that are differential in the flotation of chalcopyrite. Two models were developed to predict the concentrate and tail deportment of particles, one targeting fine and intermediate particle sizes and the other for the coarse particle size. These models were tested using cross-validation and the results showed good prediction accuracy, 88% for fine and intermediate particles and 77% for coarse particles. The models were further tested on feed samples and the results show the developed models can be used as a predictive tool that estimates the maximum recovery expected based on the surface chemistry of particles, as evidenced by ToF-SIMS, under given hydrodynamic conditions.
Data recovery function testing for digital forensic tools
No full textMany digital forensic tools used by investigators were not originally designed for forensic applications. Even in the case of tools created with the forensic process in mind, there is the issue of assuring their reliability and dependability. Given the nature of investigations and the fact that the data collected and analyzed by the tools must be presented as evidence, it is important that digital forensic tools be validated and verified before they are deployed. This paper engages a systematic description of the digital forensic discipline that is obtained by mapping its fundamental functions. The function mapping is used to construct a detailed function-oriented validation and verification framework for digital forensic tools. This paper focuses on the data recovery function. The data recovery requirements are specified and a reference set is presented to test forensic tools that implement the data recovery function.
Pulmonary cytochrome P450 enzymes belonging to the CYP4B subfamily from an Australian marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii)
No full textCytochromes P450 (CYPs) are critically important in the oxidative metabolism of a diverse array of xenobiotics and endogenous substrates. We have previously reported the cloning and characterisation of the koala CYP4A15, the first reported member of the CYP4 family from marsupials, and have demonstrated important species differences in CYP4A activity and tissue expression. In the present study, the cloning of CYP4B1 in the wallaby (Macropus eugenii) and their expression across marsupials is described. Rabbit anti-mouse CYP4B1 antibody detected immunoreactive proteins in lung and liver microsomes from all test marsupials, with relative weak signal detected from the koala, suggesting a species-specific expression. Microsomal 2-aminofluorene bio-activation (a CYP4B1 marker) in wallaby lung was comparable to that of rabbit, with significant higher activities detected in wallaby liver and kidneys compared to rabbit. A 1548 bp wallaby lung CYP4B complete cDNA, designated CYP4B1, which encodes a protein of 510 amino acids and shares 72% nucleotide and 69% amino acid sequence identity to human CYP4B1, was cloned by polymerase chain reaction approaches. The results demonstrate the presence of wallaby CYP4B1 that shares several common features with other published CYP4Bs; however the wallaby CYP4B1 cDNA contains four extra amino acid residues at the NH2-terminal, a fundamentally conserved transmembrane anchor of all eukaryote CYPs.
CYP2C19-guided design of a proton pump inhibitor dose regimen to avoid the need for pharmacogenetic individualisation in H. pylori eradication
No full textNumerical implementation of the EDEM for modified Helmholtz BVPs on annular domains
No full textIn a recent paper by the current authors a new methodology called the Extended-Domain-Eigenfunction-Method (EDEM) was proposed for solving elliptic boundary value problems on annular-like domains. In this paper we present and investigate one possible numerical algorithm to implement the EDEM. This algorithm is used to solve modified Helmholtz BVPs on annular-like domains. Two examples of annular-like domains are studied. The results and performance are compared with those of the well-known boundary element method (BEM). The high accuracy of the EDEM solutions and the superior efficiency of the EDEM over the BEM, make EDEM an excellent alternate candidate to use in the animation industry, where speed is a predominant requirement, and by the scientific community where accuracy is the paramount objective.