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North Vienna Station: A Paradigmatic Abandonment for a ‘More Livable Future’
Get PDFLa ciudad de Viena es una de las primeras que ha regulado la preservación de ecosistemas urbanos existentes, hasta dotar de entidad jurídica a algunos lugares abandonados por el ser humano —donde la naturaleza ha emergido libremente—, garantizando así la coexistencia con las especies que allí habitan. Este artículo explicita cómo este logro está motivado por el entrelazamiento entre experiencias espontáneas, creativas y afirmativas en algunos de estos lugares —como la estación del Norte— y el concurso de arquitectura Europan. Dicho concurso introduce, primero, el soporte teórico que pone en valor estas experiencias para después acabar institucionalizando en sus nuevas ediciones los aprendizajes sucedidos en ellas. Así, este texto retrata en tres actos al concurso Europan y a Viena como instituciones y laboratorios —de ideas y de prácticas simpoiéticas, respectivamente— que se piensan y diseñan de manera recíproca.Vienna is one of the first cities to regulate the preservation of existing urban ecosystems, even granting legal status to some places abandoned by humans―where nature has freely emerged―, thereby ensuring coexistence with the inhabiting species. This article aims to clarify how this achievement is motivated by the intertwining of spontaneous, creative, and affirmative experiences in some of these places―such as the North Station―and the Europan Architectural Competition. This contest introduces, first, the theoretical framework that values these experiences and then institutionalizes the lessons learned from them in its new editions. Thus, this text portrays, in three acts, the Europan competition and Vienna as institutions and laboratories―of ideas and sympoietic practices, respectively―that think and design reciprocally
Activated carbons for flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) – Morphological, electrochemical and rheological analysis
Get PDFFlow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is a desalination technology employing flowable carbon slurries to remove salt from an influent through the electro-sorption of ions at the surface of pores of activated carbon particles. This study presents an extensive morphological, electrochemical and rheological analysis of flow electrodes prepared using commercial (YP50F, YP80F, Norit, PAC) and lab-synthesized (KUA, PAC-OX) activated carbons. Simultaneous optimization of particle size, surface area, and surface chemistry of activated carbons is essential to enhance desalination efficiency in FCDI applications. The lab-made highly microporous activated carbon (KUA), prepared from a Spanish anthracite, exhibited a remarkably high specific surface area (~2800 m2/g) but required first a particle size reduction through ball milling (from 56 μm to 12 μm) for the respective flow electrodes to achieve flowability. The slurry of milled fine KUA (designated as KUAsingle bondF) shows a specific capacitance of 55 F/g, a 38-fold increase compared to its pristine form. The KUA-F flow electrode also achieved a maximum salt adsorption capacity of 185 mg/g, outperforming the leading commercial alternative (YP80F) by 26 %. The FCDI cell with the KUA-F flow electrode exhibited a desalination efficiency of 79 % at 15 wt% loading, surpassing YP80F by 29 %. In contrast, using PAC-OX (oxidized form of PAC), despite increasing oxygen functional groups and with relatively higher specific surface area, led only to a 2 % improvement in desalination performance, highlighting that oxidation alone at larger particle sizes and broader distribution is insufficient.This work received funding from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P. (FCDT/MCTES) under grant agreement No PTDC/EQU-EQU/6193/2020 (Se(L)ect(i)vity). This work received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 869467 (SEArcularMINE). This work was also supported by the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry – LAQV and LEAF research centres, financed by national Portuguese funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/50006/2020 and UIDB/04129/2020, respectively). This work was also funded by grant PLEC2023-010216 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Hafiz Muhammad Saif Ullah Saleem acknowledges FCT/MCTES for his PhD grant 2020.09828.BD (https://doi.org/10.54499/2020.09828.BD). B. Ferrández-Gómez acknowledges the University of Alicante for his mobility grant (UA_movilidad 2020)
Evaluation of Semiempirical Quantum Mechanical Methods for Zr-Based Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts
Get PDFZr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are typically employed in heterogeneous catalysis due to their porosity, chemical and thermal stability, and well-defined active sites. Density functional theory (DFT) is the workhorse to compute their electronic structure; however, it becomes very costly when dealing with reaction mechanisms involving large unit cells and vast configurational spaces. Semiempirical quantum mechanical (SQM) methods appear as an alternative approach to simulate such chemical systems at low computational cost, but their feasibility to model catalysis with MOFs is still unexplored. Thus, here we present a benchmark study on UiO-66 to evaluate the performance of SQM methods (PM6, PM7, GFN1-xTB, GFN2-xTB) against hybrid DFT (M06). We evaluate defective nodes, ligand exchange reactions, barrier heights, and host–guest interactions with metal nanoclusters. Despite some caveats, GFN1-xTB on properly constrained models is the best SQM method across all studied properties. Under proper supervision, this protocol holds promise for application in exploratory high-throughput screenings of Zr-based MOF catalysts, subject to further refinement with more accurate methods.This work has been funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE+ (RYC2022-035453-I, PID2020-119116RA-I00), Xunta Distinguished Researcher program (ED431H 2020/21), the Xunta de Galicia (Centro de Investigación do Sistema Universitario de Galicia accreditation 2023-2027, ED431G 2023/03), and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund─ERDF). The authors acknowledge CESGA (“Centro de Supercomputación de Galicia”) for providing generous computational resources
Diversity and systematics of the Ibero-Balearic Eumerus (Diptera: Syrphidae): Providing tools for species identification
Get PDFThe syrphid genus Eumerus Meigen, 1822 is one of the most speciose in the world. In the Ibero-Balearic area (including Andorra and the Spanish side of the Pyrenees), recent taxonomic studies have increased the knowledge of Eumerus in Europe. A high taxonomic diversity together with a complex morphology make species identification difficult in this genus. The lack of updated and comprehensive tools to assist in the identification of species prompted the production of a dichotomous key to all Ibero-Balearic species of Eumerus and generation of DNA barcodes for ten species. In summary, a total of 37 species of Eumerus and nine species groups are reported in this geographical region. Eumerus caballeroi Gil Collado, 1929 is proposed as junior synonym of Eumerus nudus Loew, 1848 and the taxonomic status of Eumerus pauper Becker, 1921 is discussed. The first sequences of the 5´ region of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI-5´) of Eumerus subornatus Claußen, 1989 and Eumerus truncatus Rondani, 1868 were obtained and their systematic positions corroborated.The present work was funded by the ‘Fauna Ibérica’ project (ref. PGC2018-095851-AC65) of the ‘Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades’ and the ‘Institut Menorquí d’Estudis (IME)’ through the project ‘Inventario de los sírfidos (Diptera: Syrphidae) de los hábitats de la isla de Menorca’ (ref. IME 2022). Visits to the MNCN were also funded by the project 3PP TETTRIs ‘INC-STEP: Investigating a National Reference Collection for Spain’s Threatened Pollinators’
Four poetic prayers in an incunabula poetic sheet and in the cancionero de Juan del Encina: the Creed, the Pater Noster, the Ave Maria, and the Salve Regina
Get PDFEl pliego poético que conocemos por Brian Dutton como 87*LS es una edición ampliada de un pliego perdido, cuya princeps contenía cuatro oraciones trovadas anónimas, con su texto latino y castellano: el Credo apostólico, el Pater noster, el Ave Maria y la Salve Regina. Este corpus se ha transmitido de manera compacta al asociar las cuatro oraciones cristianas más frecuentes, como demuestra el propio Cancionero de Juan del Encina o las cartillas impresas para enseñar a leer y escribir, de los siglos XV y XVI. Tanto el poeta anónimo, como Encina recurren a una estrategia compositiva que, a pesar de los matices, acercan su técnica de composición de este subgénero poético como traducción-paráfrasis frente a técnicas fundamentadas en la glosa. Por ambas razones, se reúnen, estudian y editan las cuatro oraciones trovadas anónimas y las correspondientes versiones de Juan del Encina.The poetic document that we know by Brian Dutton as 87*LS is an expanded edition of a lost document, whose editio princeps contained four anonymous troubadour prayers, with their Latin and Spanish text: the Apostolic Creed, the Pater noster, the Ave Maria and the Salve Regina. This corpus has been transmitted in a compact way by associating the four most frequent Christian prayers, as demonstrated by Juan del Encina’s own Cancionero or the printed primers to teach reading and writing, from the 15th and 16th centuries. Both the anonymous poet and Encina resort to a compositional strategy that, despite the nuances, bring their composition technique of this poetic subgenre closer to translation-paraphrase compared to techniques based on gloss. For both reasons, the four anonymous poetic prayers and the corresponding versions by Juan del Encina are gathered, studied and edited here.Esta publicación es parte del proyecto de I+D+i “Poesía, ecdótica e imprenta” (PID2021-123699NB-I00), financiado por MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ y “FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa”
Chitosan reduces naturally occurring plant pathogenic fungi and increases nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium in soil under field conditions
Get PDFChitosan effects on soil properties were analysed both under laboratory conditions by incubation with constant humidity and temperature and under field conditions in two persimmon field plots with conventional and ecological management. Chitosan was applied in solution or as coacervates. Application of chitosan reduced soil pH, conductivity (CE), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in pots when applied at field capacity. Chitosan did not affect field soil respiration, which is greatly dependent of soil moisture and temperature. Metabarcoding showed that chitosan significantly modifies the fungal genera composition of ecologically managed field soil. On the contrary, chitosan caused no significant differences in bacterial taxa composition of soil under field conditions. Chitosan coacervates increased naturally occurring nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium (ca. 50-fold) in soil with respect to chitosan solution-treated soil and untreated controls. In addition, chitosan reduced the inoculum of plant pathogenic fungi Alternaria and Fusarium (20% and 50%, respectively) in field soil. Soil microbial network analysis for ITS2+V1–V2 regions revealed that the nematophagous fungus Pochonia promoted network clustering into modules. Furthermore, network analysis for ITS2+V3–V4 regions showed that the nematode trapping-fungus Orbilia and bacteria belonging to Acidimicrobiales and Cytophagales significantly contributed to network clustering in field soil. Our results show that chitosan coacervates increased soil nematophagous microbiota and that both nematode egg parasites and trapping fungi help to structure soil microbiota.This research was funded by the PID2020-119734RB-I00 Project from the Spanish Ministry of Science
La desfeta del llegat d'Ibarra
Get PDFEn aquest article s'exposa el mal tracte que la ciutat d'Elx donà durant els darrers anys de la seua vida a l'arxiver Pere Ibarra i Ruiz (1858-1934), una figura capital, tanmateix, de la història local, i la manca de cura que en tingué del seu patrimoni documental i artistic (ja de propietat municipal), saquejat i expoliat d'una forma sistemàtica durant els primers anys de la dictadura franquista
The Basque Atlantic countryside: landscape protection, management and planning
Get PDFEl paisaje de campiña atlántica del País Vasco, caracterizado por su clima húmedo y un mosaico de prados, pastos, cultivos y bosques, se está deteriorando debido a la crisis del sector agroganadero. Dado el reconocimiento de los valores asociados a este tipo de paisaje, como la biodiversidad y el patrimonio cultural, el presente estudio examina su gestión paisajística a través de la planificación territorial. Se ha empleado una metodología cualitativa de enfoque inductivo, basada en el análisis de dos casos de estudio. Se centra en las Áreas Funcionales (AAFF) de Igorre-Arratia y Donostialdea-Bajo Bidasoa de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco (CAPV) para identificar diferencias interpretativas y proponer mejoras. Los resultados revelan la falta de una metodología unificada y la interpretación libre del Decreto Vasco del Paisaje (2014), lo cual ha provocado que se establezcan criterios dispares en la gestión de este paisaje agrario. El estudio identifica deficiencias y propone una visión renovada, enfocada en el concepto de patrimonio paisajístico. Debe reducirse el enfoque proteccionista y abarcar todos los paisajes, más allá de aquellos con valores excepcionales, fomentando una gestión más coherente y equilibrada, capaz de integrar los valores territoriales, ecológicos, culturales y económicos de la campiña atlántica vasca.The landscape of the Atlantic countryside in the Basque Country, characterized by its humid climate and a mosaic of meadows, pastures, crops and forests, is deteriorating due to the crisis in the agricultural and livestock sector. Given the recognition of the values associated with this type of landscape, such as biodiversity and cultural heritage, this study examines its landscape management through territorial planning. A qualitative methodology with an inductive approach has been used, based on the analysis of two case studies. It focuses on the Functional Areas of Igorre-Arratia and Donostialdea-Bajo Bidasoa of the Autonomous Region of the Basque Country to identify different interpretations and propose improvements. The results reveal the lack of a unified methodology and the free interpretation of the Basque Landscape Decree (2014), which has given rise to the establishment of disparate criteria in the management of this agricultural landscape. The study identifies deficiencies and proposes a renewed vision, focused on the concept of landscape heritage. The protectionist approach should be reduced and all landscapes must be covered, not only those with exceptional values, promoting a more coherent and balanced management, capable of integrating the territorial, ecological, cultural and economic values of the Basque Atlantic countryside.Se agradece el apoyo financiero del GPAC. Espacio experimental para la innovación en Patrimonio y Paisajes Culturales (Código: IT1617-22), a la RED-SIEGA: Prados de siega y cambio climático: patrimonio agroganadero, biodiversidad, desarrollo local y ciencia ciudadana (Código: RED2022-134175-T) y al Grupo Biofoodscape: Paisajes agroalimentarios en las montañas españolas. Diversidad biocultural, innovación social y desarrollo territorial (PID2023-146662OB-I00)
Robatoris, acció policial, restauracions
Get PDFEn aquest article es narren les peripècies d'un plafó ceràmic datat el 1853 que es trobava en la porxada de la casa de l'Hort del Sol d'Elx i fou robat el 1991, denunciada la pèrdua, recuperat per la Policia Nacional el 2016 i restaurat el 2023
On the role of true and false chirality in producing parity-violating energy differences
Get PDFIn this work, we tackle the problem of showing which type of influences can lift the degeneracy between truly and falsely chiral systems, showing that only when both systems and influences are both truly (falsely) chiral, a parity violating energy difference between left-handed (L) and right-handed (R) systems can be produced. In particular, after considering the enantiomers of a chiral molecule as paradigmatic truly chiral systems, we rigorously show, under a quantum field theoretical approach, that only a truly chiral influence such as the 0-mediated electroweak interaction can lift the degeneracy between enantiomers. Indeed, we explicitly show that a falsely chiral influence, such as an axion-mediated interaction in chiral molecules, cannot lift the aforementioned degeneracy. These results extend Barron’s seminal ideas (L. D. Barron, True and false chirality and parity violation, Chem. Phys. Lett. 123, 423 (1986). (doi:10.1016/0009-2614(86)80035-5)) to a quantum-field-theory- (QFT)-based approach.Fundación Humanismo y Ciencia and Generalitat Valenciana through PROMETEO PROJECT CIPROM/2022/13