Jurnal Sain Veteriner
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    Perilaku dan Gambaran Hematologis Beruk (Macaca nemestrina) yang Dipasang Bare metal stent pada Arteri Iliaca

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    Penyakit kardiovaskuler yang paling banyak diderita oleh masyarakat Indonesia adalah penyakit jantung coroner. Salah satu metode terapi jantung korner adalah dengan pemasangan stent jantung. Saat ini stent jantung yang digunakan oleh kardiolog di Indonesia masih mengandalkan produk impor. Saat ini Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) sedang mengembangkan stent dengan desain dan bahan yang telah diteliti sebelumnya yang disebut dengan INA-Stent. Tahap pre-klinis telah dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan hewan beruk (Macaca nemestrina). Pemasangan bare metal stent (tanpa salut obat) telah dipasang pada bulan September tahun 2018. Proses euthanasia dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2021 di ruang kateterisasi Rumah Sakit Hewan pendidikan Prof. Soeparwi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan (FKH UGM). Sebelum pelaksanaan euthanasia diambil sampel darah sebanyak 1 ml pada tabung ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). Pemeriksaan darah menunjukkan total eritrosit, hemoglobin, PCV, MCV, total leukosit, dan trombosit dalam batas normal. Abnormalitas yang terjadi antara lain limfopenia, monositosis dan hipokromia

    Detection of Newcastle Disease, Avian Influenza, dan Infectious Bronchitis Virus from Commercial with Respiratory Clinical Signs

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    Clinical symptoms in the chicken’s respiratory system, such as sores, nasal discharge, gasping, and so on, can be caused by a variety of possible socks. These signs may be caused by a virus, usually followed by economic losses. Causative diagnosis, especially virus detection, is needed to establish the cause of the symptoms. The study aims to detect Newcastle Disease (ND), Avian Influenza (AI), and Infectious Bronchitis (IB) cases of respiratory symptoms in commercial chickens by 2023. The samples studied in this study were organs from commercial chicken broilers and layers with respiratory symptoms. The organ was prepared as a suspension, then centrifuged to take out the supernatants. Supernatants were extracted using commercial extraction kits to produce templates for molecular detection. Molecular detection was performed using the RT-PCR two-step method. Primer pairs were used for the detection of ND, AI subtypes H5 and H9, as well as IB. The results were visualized by electrophoresis with 1.5% agarose. Interpretation of the positive result of RT-PCR based on the appearance and length of amplicons compared with the positive control of each virus. Positive RT-PCR samples with thick amplicon quality were subjected to sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Results of detection with RT-PCR against 41 samples are positive ND of 1 out of 8 samples (12.5%), AI of 2 out of 17 samples (11.7%), and IB of 5 out of 16 samples (31.3%). Based on the molecular detection with RT-PCR, the symptoms of respiration in commercial chickens are confirmed due to the cause, namely the virus: ND genotype VII-i, AI subtype H5 clade 2.3.2, AI subtype H9, and IB genotype GI-19 (QX-like)

    The Relation Between Levels of Parasitemia and the Anemia Condition in Domestic Cat (Felis catus) Infected with Trypanosoma evansi

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    Trypanosoma evansi is a cause of the disease trypanosomiasis also known as surra. The trypomastigote stage can be found in the bloodstream and one of the clinical signs that appear during the course of the disease is anemia. The transmission of Trypanosoma evansi occurs non-cyclically through mechanical vector flies or oral transmission. This research aims to determine the relation between parasitemia levels and anemic conditions in domestic cats infected with Trypanosoma evansi. The objects used in this research are four domestic cats and divided into two groups based on the route of infection. The first group were infected with 108 Trypanosoma/µl (1 ml blood of an infected mice and PBS) through the subcutaneous route, and the second group was infected through the oral route by mixing carcass of infected mice and wet food. The examination of parasitemia levels in the blood samples of cats was observed daily using wet blood smear method and the hematological examination was collected within 10 days intervals during the experiment. The data of parasitemia levels and anemic condition in both groups were performed with descriptively and statistically analysis by using Independent T-test method. This research revealed that there was no significant effect (P>0.05) in anemia conditions between infection through subcutaneous and oral routes, and the level of parasitemia in the blood of domestic cats infected with Trypanosoma evansi affects the anemia condition, characterized by a decrease in the total value of erythrocyte, haemoglobin, and hematocrit

    Antibiotic Resistance Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Dairy Cattle and Pet Animals

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    Antibiotics play a significant role in controlling bacterial infection, however, will no longer be effective because of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Staphylococcus aureus has become resistant to various antibiotics, so detecting and analyzing genes encoding antibiotic resistance traits is important. This research aims to identify phenotypically, antibiotic sensitivity, and detect antibiotic-resistant genes in S. aureus isolated from dairy cattle and pet animals. Samples from dairy farms in Boyolali total of 30 samples and 62 samples of pet animals in Yogyakarta and Semarang were used. Phenotypic and genotypic identification results based on 23S rRNA and nuc genes showed 80% (24/30) dairy milk samples and 19,35% (12/62) pet animal samples were S. aureus positive. Based on antibiotic susceptibility test, dairy milk S. aureus isolates are resistant to penicillin G (50%), oxacillin (25%), tetracycline (21%), ampicillin (17%), gentamicin, cefoxitin, and amoxicillin (13%), clindamycin (4%), and still sensitive to erythromycin (100%). Pet animal S. aureus isolates showed resistance to oxacillin and erythromycin (13,3%), tetracycline, penicillin G, and clindamycin (6,67%), but still sensitive to gentamicin, ampicillin, cefoxitin, and ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin (100%). These results showed S. aureus dairy milk and pet animal isolates phenotypically have resistance almost 50% to various antibiotics but are still sensitive to erythromycin. The result of this research indicated there are majority of multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains in dairy milk and pet animals threaten public health. These results can be used as a basic strategy for controlling and preventing multidrug resistance in S. aureus

    Sexing Burung Lovebird Fischer (Agapornis fischeri) Berdasarkan Perkembangan Berat Badan

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    Lovebird fischer (Agapornis fischeri) merupakan burung yang banyak diminati karena memiliki warna bulu yang cantik serta suara atau kicauan yang merdu dan lantang. Jenis kelamin burung lovebird biasanya baru dapat dilakukan ketika burung sudah dewasa, tetapi pada umur tersebut suara sulit untuk dibentuk. Perkembangan berat badan LB sampai umur 60 hari merupakan salah satu faktor yang dipakai untuk sexing. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan pekembangan berat badan LB muda sebagai dasar sexing. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 ekor burung lovebird umur 30 hari. Burung dipastikan jenis kelaminnya berdasarkan sexing secara genotip dengan metode polymerase chain reaction (PCR) untuk amplifikasi gen CHD1 menggunakan pasangan primer CHD1F/CHD1R dengan sampel bulu. Semua burung ditimbang berat badan pada hari ke-30, 45 dan 60. Hasil pengukuran berat badan antara jantan dan betina dibandingkan menggunakan uji t-Test. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa berat badan LB betina umur 30, 45 dan 60 hari berturut-turut adalah 19,81±4,50 gram, 32,29±6,30 gram dan 42,72±3,29 gram, sedangkan LB jantan 19,11±4,72 gram, 31,32±5,82 gram dan 41,96±3,19 gram, namun demikian tidak ada perbedaan nyata antara betina dan jantan (p<0.05). Disimpulkan bahwa berat badan LB umur 30, 45 dan 60 hari tidak berbeda nyata, sehingga tidak dapat dipakai sebagai dasar sexing burung LB

    SURVEI TATA LAKSANA TERAPI CAIRAN OLEH DOKTER HEWAN PRAKTISI HEWAN KECIL DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA DAN JAWA BARAT

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    ABSTRACT This survey research was conducted to identify the understanding of small animal veterinarians regarding fluid therapy. Survey was directed to the members of Indonesian Veterinary Medical Association (IVMA) in DKI Jakarta and West Java Province between January 29 and March 25, 2023. The survey questionnaire consisted of 8 questions about the respondent's identity and 39 questions focusing on knowledge about fluid therapy. The sample size using the Slovin method is 290 respondents. Questions focused mainly on knowledge about types, indication, procedures, side effects of fluid therapy, and difficulties when administering fluid therapy. Validity test and reliability test were applied to assess questionnaire effectivity. The results show that almost all respondents had isotonic crystalloid fluid therapy in their clinic (Ringer's Lactate [286/290] and NaCl 0.9% [290/290]). Both fluids are often given either subcutaneously (NaCl 0.9% [81%]; Ringer's Lactate [19%]) or intravenously (NaCl 0.9% [48%]; Ringer's Lactate [46%]). Both fluids also often used also for maintenance (NaCl 0.9% [70%]; Ringer's Lactate [27%]) and for shock resuscitation of dogs (NaCl 0.9% [30%]; Ringer's Lactate [57%]) and cats (NaCl 0.9% [32%]; Ringer's Lactate [57%]). To increase the use of fluid therapy in dogs and cats, veterinarian practitioners' understanding and knowledge regarding fluid therapy is very necessary.  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pemahaman dokter hewan praktik mengenai terapi cairan. Survei dilakukan kepada anggota Perhimpunan Dokter Hewan Indonesia (PDHI) Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan Jawa Barat dimulai sejak tanggal 29 Januari 2023 hingga  25 Maret 2023. Kuesioner survei dengan terdiri dari 8 pertanyaan tentang identitas responden dan 39 pertanyaan yang difokuskan pada pengetahuan tentang terapi cairan. Perhitungan jumlah responden dilakukan dengan metode Slovin berjumlah 290 responden dengan selang kepercayaan 5%. Pertanyaan difokuskan pada pengetahuan tentang jenis, indikasi,  tata laksana, efek samping dan kesulitan saat pemberian terapi cairan. Sebelum di edarkan, kuesioner telah lulus uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua responden  memiliki terapi cairan kristaloid isotonik yaitu Ringer Laktat (RL) (286/290) dan NaCl 0,9% (290/290). Kedua cairan tersebut sering diberikan secara intravena (NaCl 0,9% [48%]; RL [46%]) maupun secara subkutan (NaCl 0,9% [81%]; RL [19%]). Responden memilih NaCl 0,9% [70%] dan RL [27%]) untuk rumatan. Pilihan cairan pada resusitasi syok pasien anjing adalah NaCl 0,9% (30%) dan RL (57%) dan pada pasien kucing adalah NaCl 0,9% (32%) dan RL (57%). Sebanyak 29% responden merasa perhitungan asupan terapi cairan sebagai tantangan terbesar diikuti dengan perhitungan suplementasi Kalium (28%). Walaupun demikian lebih dari 54% responden melaporkan jarang menemukan efek samping dari pemberian terapi cairan. Untuk meningkatkan keefektifan  penggunaan terapi cairan pada anjing dan kucing sangat diperlukan pendidikan berkelanjutan  terkait terapi cairan

    Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bandotan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Vibrio sp. Isolat Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus)

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         Daun bandotan merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang banyak dimanfaatkan  dalam mengobati berbagai jenis penyakit karena mengandung senyawa fitokimia yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan steroid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak etanol daun bandotan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Vibrio sp. isolat ikan lele dumbo. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kirby Bauer disk diffusion yang diawali dengan peremajaan stok isolat bakteri pada media Nutrient Broth, reidentifikasi dengan media Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose Agar dan pewarnaan Gram. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji daya hambat menggunakan media Mueller Hinton Agar. Studi ini terdiri dari 5 perlakuan yaitu ekstrak etanol daun bandotan konsentrasi 25% (P1), 50% (P2), dan 75% (P3), siprofloksasin sebagai kontrol positif dan CMC 1% sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk pada kontrol positif (45,13 ± 0,04mm) dua kali lebih besar dibandingkan daya hambat yang terbentuk pada ekstrak daun bandotan konsentrasi 25% (23,30 ± 0,15mm), konsentrasi 50% (24,29 ± 0,17 mm), dan konsentrasi 75% (25,29 ± 0,16mm), kontrol negatif tidak menunjukkan terbentuknya zona hambat. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah ekstrak etanol daun bandotan berpotensi dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Vibrio sp. hasil isolat lele dumbo.     

    Gejala Klinis dan Gambaran Darah pada Anjing Konjungtivitis

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    Konjungtivitis merupakan peradangan pada konjungtiva mata yang dapat disebabkan oleh agen infeksi, alergi atau faktor lingkungan. Gejala klinis konjungtivitis bervariasi dan dapat disertai perubahan gambaran darah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gejala klinis dan gambaran darah pasien anjing penderita konjungtivitis. Penelitian ini menggunakan 8 sampel anjing yang mengalami konjungtivitis. Semua anjing diperiksa secara klinis, terutama bagian mata, serta diambil sampel darah untuk diperiksa gambaran darahnya. Hasil pemeriksaan klinis anjing konjungitivitis, ditemukannya 8 (100%) pasien mengalami hiperemia, inflamasi, dan hiperlakrimasi, 6 (75%) pasien terdapat eksudat, dan 1 (12,5%) pasien mengalami kerusakan mata. Hasil pemeriksaan darah rutin menunjukkan 1 (12,5%) sampel mengalami penurunan nilai MCHC. Jumlah leukosit, limfosit, monosit, granulosit, dan trombosit dari 8 sampel berada pada kisaran normal. Disimpulkan bahwa anjing penderita konjungtivitis menunjukkan gejala klinis terutama adalah hiperemi, inflamasi, adanya eksudat, dan hipelakrimasi pada mata dengan gambaran darah yang normal

    Pengembangan Deteksi Parasit Darah Theileria equi dan Babesia caballi secara Otomatis menggunakan Algoritma YOLOv8

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    Piroplasmosis pada kuda merupakan penyakit parasit darah yang disebabkan oleh Theileria equi dan Babesia caballi, menyebabkan anemia, ikterus, kegagalan organ, serta pembatasan aktivitas kuda, termasuk larangan mengikuti kompetisi. Deteksi piroplasmosis secara rutin masih mengandalkan pemeriksaan mikroskopis ulas darah untuk melihat morfometrik parasitnya sehingga membutuhkan keahlian tinggi dan memerlukan waktu relatif lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem deteksi otomatis parasit T. equi dan B. caballi berbasis algoritma YOLOv8 untuk meningkatkan kecepatan dan akurasi identifikasi mikroskopis. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pembuatan preparat ulas darah dari kuda yang terdiagnosis positif piroplasmosis yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli dari Laboratorium Protozoologi SKHB IPB. Preparat diwarnai menggunakan giemsa 10%, dilakukan pengambilan gambar, pembuatan dataset, anotasi data, pelatihan model YOLOv8, serta pengujian performa sistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan performa model mendeteksi parasit dengan mAP50 sebesar 69,8%, mAP50-95 sebesar 40,5%, dan kecepatan deteksi 5,4 ms. Evaluasi performa manual menunjukkan akurasi 91%, presisi 98%, recall 92%, dan F1-score 95% dibandingkan pemeriksaan mikroskopis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sistem berbasis YOLOv8 mampu melakukan deteksi T. equi dan B. caballi secara otomatis dengan presisi tinggi dan waktu deteksi cepat sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai alat bantu diagnosis piroplasmosis yang lebih efisien

    Isolasi dan Identifikasi Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus dan Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius pada Kasus Klinis Anjing dan Kucing di Yogyakarta

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    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP),  are known as bacterial  resistant to various antibiotics. MRSA transmission occurs between humans and direct human contact with dogs and cats. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and analyze bacterial resistance to antibiotics phenotypically and genotypically from clinical case samples of pet animals in Yogyakarta. Bacterial isolates were identified through biochemical tests and molecular identification by species-specific 23S rRNA and nuc genes with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pta genes with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).  Bacterial resistance to several antibiotics was analyzed using disk diffusion Kierby-Bauer method. The occurrence of methicillin resistance were screened by oxacillin resistance screening agar base (ORSAB) and confirmed by detection of the mecA gene with PCR. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic identification showed that 11 samples were identified as S. aureus (6 isolates) and S. pseudintermedius (5 isolates). The resistance tests revealed that 36% were resistant to tetracycline, cefoxitin (27%), oxacillin and erythromycin (9%).  Screening of methicillin resistance with ORSAB indicated that all isolates were methicillin resistances (100%). Detecting the mecA gene encoding methicillin resistance showed that 81.81% of isolates were resistant to methicillin, with detail S. aureus (all 6 isolates) and S. pseudintermedius (4 isolates). Based on the antibiogram, ORSAB, and mecA gene detection, it could be confirmed that three isolates were MRSP, and six isolates were MRSA. The results of this study indicate the high occurrence of methicillin-resistant strains in pets that have the potential zoonotic spread to other animals and humans

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