Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya
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Editorial Preface
Full text linkWelcome to the current publication of Wawasan: Journal of Religious and Socio-Cultural Studies. It is a great challenge to publish high-quality manuscripts for Volume 6, No. 2, 2021. Wawasan is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal and free of charge to the authors dedicated to publishing articles and facilitating widespread dissemination and impact on the field.Pandemic Covid-19 should not prevent us from conducting high-quality research and disseminating the findings in a form of an article journal. Wawasan journal team members are dedicated to continuing support for providing open access and receiving articles for publications.In this issue, readers will find a diverse group of manuscripts and have something new and useful--and sometimes surprising--to say about a wide range of religious studies. Most of the articles in this volume are the result of the 3rd conference on Islamic and Socio-Cultural Studies (CISS) that we organised on November 17 to 18, 2021. We have very stimulating seven articles focused on religious and cultural studies. Dawam Multazami et.al. is investigating the interest pool of hashtag #IslamNusantara that spark hot debate in 2017 since promoted officially by one of the prominent Islamic organisation, Nahdlatul Ulama. The second article by M Naufal Waliyudin et. al. is discussing the experience of youth in the interfaith organisation to create the youth as an agent of peace and harmony in Indonesia. Santi Paramithan et.al. brought us to understand the content of the verse Tanha Vagga of the Dhammapada scripture through semantic analysis.The issue of radicalism is still around us and the article by Dzuriyatun Toyibah shows us the household arrangement of the terrorists convicted life. This article argues that the position of women, as wives and mothers, shows significance in deradicalising the family. The Balinese Hindu arts show not only interesting but also sacred. Abdullah Fuadi investigates these arts to prove their sacredness and challenge Hegel’s theory of ‘the death of arts.’ Meanwhile, the two last articles identify the kitab written by prominent ulama in pesantren in Bandung and presented historically by Zulkarnain Yani. Its finding is important to show the Islamic scientific traditions and network of the ulama in pesantren in Bandung. The article by Puji Sulani et.al. investigates the sustainability of cultural identity held by the ex-adherents of Kawula Warga Naluri in Banjarnegara, Central Java. The ex-adherent struggle between keeping their cultural identity and government regulation to adhere to one of the state official religions.As you read throughout this volume of Wawasan journal, I would like to remind you that the success of our journal depends directly on the number of quality articles submitted for review. Accordingly, I would like to request your participation by submitting quality manuscripts for review.As the Editor-in-Chief of this journal, I would like to extend my gratitude to the Dean of the Faculty of Ushuluddin for continuous support in scientific publication, my managing editor, editorial board members, and reviewers for creating this issue. Most importantly, I am deeply grateful to all the authors for their excellent works and remarkable contributions.Â
Contesting #IslamNusantara on Instagram: A Shared Interest Pool
Full text linkAs one of the demanding discourses of Indonesian Islam, Islam Nusantara has made a further round of Indonesian Muslim polarisation among the proponents on the one side and the opponents on another, let alone in the digital era nowadays. For the Muslim communities, new media are not only used for communication activities but also to assist the da'wa (proselytisation) and its contestation. This paper, thus, aims to portray activities of social media users, particularly Instagram, using the #IslamNusantara hashtag to convey their ideas. This paper seeks to explore the motives of how the Instagram users do involve in the contestation of #IslamNusantara and to what extent they publish their argument to support, criticise, or even refuse the concept of Islam Nusantara. The method used in this article is netnography, analysing a total of 344,000 hashtags #IslamNusantara on Instagram. Finally, this paper anticipates a yet-to-end online contestation among the Muslim communities within a new interest pool: #IslamNusantara
Partner in Jihad: Marriage, Women and Deradicalised Terrorists in Indonesia
Full text linkThe involvement of women in jihad has increased significantly in many countries including Indonesia. This changes the image that women are underrepresented in relation to acts of jihad and terrorism. Drawing from in depth-interviews with six wives of disengaged terrorists in 2016, the current article aims to explain their marriage and support in jihad.  Applying religious radicalisation frameworks ranging from pre-radicalisation to jihadisation, the participants have not achieved the final step. They mostly believe in allowing jihad in conflict-ridden countries, but not in Indonesia. Marriage and family are very important to introduce the ideology of allowing violence in conflict-ridden areas. Their husband’s affiliation to a radical group has the potential to support the wives to strengthen their network within the terrorist circle. However, in general, the participants were not intensively engaging in religious studies (pengajian), were limited from connecting with their past friends after their husbands were sentenced. They disagreed with their husband’s dream and actions. Therefore, the potential network for continuing radicalisation will not develop very significantly
Transforming Hate into Compassion as an Islamic Nonviolent Thought of Bediüzzaman Said Nursi
Full text linkThe study of hatred that emerges as human nature can provide an analytical picture of how hatred arises, develops, and turns into humanitarian incidents. With an in-depth, systematic, and genealogical study, it can come up with a panacea for this hatred. The elixir can turn hatred into compassion, violence into nonviolence, and find creative ways to turn conflict into peace; thus, creating a new, better reality. This qualitative research uses a literature study from Risale-i Nur by Bediüzzaman Said Nursi (1877-1960). In this study, Nursi's religious and psychological explanations are compared with religious theories and studies of peace and conflict that are already popular in the Western world. The data in Risale-i Nur were analysed using the Mimesis theoretical framework of the philosophical approach. With this analysis there is the prefiguration stage (Mimesis I) about the background of Said Nursi's life, the configuration stage (Mimesis II) about the story of Said Nursi's traumatic experience, and the transfiguration stage about the emergence of the capacity to handle conflict independently with others using nonviolent ideas creatively, thus creating a new reality (Mimesis III). This new reality is "nonviolent Islam," which transforms conflict nonviolently, overcoming hatred with compassion and forgiveness. This statement is based on the argument that hatred is the root of violence, and Said Nursi can escape the trap of hatred through compassion and forgiveness. This study can contribute ideas to the study of moral philosophy and can also be used as a reference for training modules and sharing experiences to reduce conflict in society or between communities
The Robustness of Balinese Hindu Sacred Art in the Face of Hegel's Theory 'The Death of Art'
Full text linkThe integration of art as an integral part of the sacred rituals of Balinese Hindu worship to this day makes the discussion of Hegel's thoughts on art is interesting. This paper attempts to discuss Hegel's theory as confronted with the sacred Balinese Hindu art. The most basic reason for the death of art is that since romantic, art has lost its subject matter. The process of dematerialisation in art gave rise to Hegel's very famous adage; the death of art. Art loses subject matter because of the limited media to express the complexity of the Absolute Spirit. However, the sacredness of Balinese Hindu art has been deeply guarded by the Balinese people. Various concepts and classifications are made to maintain its sacredness, such as the concept of belief, the concept of sekala-niskala, the concept of tri hita karana,the concept of kala patra village, the concept of karmaphala, and the concept of taksu/jengah. There is also a classification of sacred and profane arts. It is made by Balinese Hindus to maintain the sacredness of art itself. Through the art of wali and bebalih, the Balinese Hindu art maintains its subject matter concerning the complexity of the Absolute Spirit, as suggested by Hegel. Based on library research, the paper argues that the unique concept of Balinese Hindu, which may represent the wealth of indigenous religions in Indonesia, concerning sacred art can maintain its uniqueness in the global discourse arena and be able to respond creatively to contemporary challenges
Resisting the 19th Century Colonial Politics of Exile: The Study of Kiai Ahmad Arrifai Kalisalak and Kiai Hasan Maolani Kuningan Letters
Full text linkThis article aims to reveal the discourse on the resistance of two Javanese ulama who were victims of the Dutch colonial politics of exile in the 19th Century. This study uses several letter manuscripts written by Kiai Ahmad Arrifai Kalisalak and Kiai Hasan Maolani Kuningan from their exile as primary sources. The letters addressed to his family and followers in Java were written in Javanese with the Pegon script. Through historical studies and discourse analysis, this study finds that the Dutch colonial politics of exile was not able to dampen the resistance of the ulama. The writing of letters from exile by Kiai Ahmad Arrifai Kalisalak and Kiai Hasan Maolani was intended to compete with the colonial powers, producing heretical discourses and disturbing public order as a pretext to banish them. Thus, this article concludes that the two ulama did from their exile was a new mode of resistance against colonialism
The Metaphor of Craving in the Tanha Vagga of the Dhammapada Scripture (Semantic Study of Buddhist Texts)
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to describe: (1) Haley’s model of human perceptual space category used to create the metaphorical expression of craving in the Tanha Vagga verse of the Dhammapada scripture, (2) the distribution of Haley's category of human perceptual space that is most prominently used to create the metaphorical expression of craving in the Tanha Vagga verse of the Dhammapada scripture, (3) the state of the ecological system as seen in the metaphor of craving in the Tanha Vagga verse of the Dhammapada scripture based on the distribution of the use of the Haley’s category of the human perceptual space. This research is a descriptive-qualitative research, with Content Analysis technique. The data source is the Tanha Vagga Dhammapada Scripture. The results showed: (1) in the Tanha Vagga scripture Dhammapada there are 31 metaphors of craving that can be categorized into the five spaces of human perception according to Haley's model, including the categories of being, energy, terrestrial, object and living. (2) Based on the results of the distribution of the use of the Haley’s model of human perceptual space, it was found that the living category was the most prominent type of craving metaphor category with a percentage of 35.4%, (3) the percentage distribution results reflected the unbalanced state of the ecological system in the Tanha Vagga verses of Dhammapada. The metaphorical expression of craving in the Tanha Vagga of the Dhamapada scriptures is packaged in a metaphorical form which means controlling lust (taṇhÄ = Pali) which causes dukkha (suffering) and the cycle of rebirth (saṃsÄra). Buddhism seeks to eliminate taṇhÄ to eliminate dukkha
The Challenges of Islamic Organizations in Promoting Moderation in Indonesia
Full text linkTwo leading Islamic organisations in Indonesia, Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) have moderation in their missionary vision to create a tolerant, open, and civilised society. This paper explores the challenges of realising Islamic moderation in Indonesia, especially those driven by Muhammadiyah and NU. The data used as the basis for the analysis were obtained from interviews and document studies. The challenge of Islamic moderation initiated by these two organisations is the rise of conservative groups, which have received vast space from the data obtained. This paper emphasised that the rise of conservative groups has resulted in weak respect for other groups. There is even a tendency to resist Islamic groups outside their group. This paper is limited to the internal challenges to Islamic moderation in Indonesia carried out by Muhammadiyah and NU, particularly related to the rise of conservative Islamic groups. Therefore, this paper suggests conducting various studies to provide a basic framework for jointly building a commitment to implement Islamic moderation in Indonesia by looking at other civil society organisations
The Cultural Symbol of Akkorongtigi in the Wedding Tradition of Makassar Society
No full textThis research was intended to examine the caltural symbol of Akkorongtigi in Makassar wedding tradition. Moreover, the approach used was a semiotic approach. The data of this research were the documentation of bridal Akkorongtigi activities and verbal utterances which were transcribed into the text. Besides, data collection used were documentation, in-depth interviews, and observations (field recording, recording, and photo shooting). The data analysis stages were carried out through three stages, namely (1) reduction, (2) presentation, and (3) conclusion drawing. Furthermore, the results showed that there were four cultural symbols in Akkorongtigi, namely the symbol of hope, the symbol of religion, the symbol of glory, and the symbol of togetherness. In addition, the representation of the implementation of the Akkorongtigi tradition was supported by two things, they were verbal and nonverbal aspects.Keywords:Symbols, culture, Akkorongtigi, tradition, Makassa
Concept of Religious Tolerance among Ulama of Traditional Pesantren in Sukabumi, West Java
Full text linkPesantren nowadays has been accused by the West as a nest of radicalism and terrorism. Not without reason, in Indonesia, many intolerance and violence issues have involved several Muslim communities and alumni of pesantren. Therefore, in this study, the authors intimately will explore the views of traditional pesantren ulama, mainly in Sukabumi, on some issues of religious tolerance. In this study, the authors used a qualitative approach by using a semi-structured interview and analysis document as a data collection. After that, the data will be analyzed qualitatively. This study found that traditional pesantren ulama in Sukabumi understood the concept and discourse of religious tolerance. They have moderate views and attitudes towards non-Muslims. However, some traditional pesantren ulama in Sukabumi refused to tolerate several cases like sending greetings and attendance at Christmas celebration. These ulama also have a different opinion towards Ahmadiyyah minority group. One Kyai has a gruff view and attitude towards Ahmadiyyah groups. Meanwhile, two other ulama refused to commit violence against Ahmadiyyah and other groups