agriTECH
Not a member yet
1394 research outputs found
Sort by
Karakteristik Pengeringan Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida) Menggunakan Pengering Tipe Fluidized Bed Drier
No full textThe current practice for improving the quality and for ease handling of the oyster mushroom is drying. The drawback of this process results in dark color of the mushroom once it is dried. This color quality reduction wascaused by an unappropriate handling before drying and an over process of the drying. Thus, the objective of the research was to determine the most suitable model for drying rate of the mushroom and the best pre-treatments before drying. In this research, the influence of six pre-treatments before drying (1) control/without any pre-treatment, (2) washed using water, (3) blanching, (4) blanching followed by immersion in sodium metabisulphite solution, (5) blanching using a sodium metabisulphite solution, and (6) soaking in sodium metabisulphite solution, followed by blanching, on the quality of the mushroom (rehydration behavior) was elucidated. Those six samples were subjected to drying process using fluidized bed drier at 60 °C with airflow rate between 0.619 and 0.839 m/s until the samples reached equilibrium moisture content. The equilibrium moisture content was achieved after drying process of the mushroom from 270 to 330 minutes. Results indicated that Lewis model more suitable than Page model for prediction of the mushroom drying rate. Results also showed that the control/without any pre-treatment before drying and sample with washed using water were the best pre-treatments before drying resulted in the highest rehydration ratio with the short time of 150 minutes to reach the moisture content of 12%.ABSTRAKProses pengeringan jamur tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) dilakukan untuk meningkatkan mutu dari jamur tiram dan mempermudah penanganannya. Penurunan mutu yang terjadi ketika jamur tiram dikeringkan adalah warna jamur yang coklat gelap dan tidak disukai konsumen. Kondisi ini terjadi karena penanganan sebelum pengeringan yang tidak tepat serta proses pengeringan yang terlalu lama. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui persamaan laju pengeringan jamur tiram, prediksi waktu pengeringan dan perilaku rehidrasinya. Jamur tiram diberi enam perlakuan yang berbeda yaitu (1) kontrol, (2) dicuci air bersih, (3) blansir, (4) blansir yang dilanjutkan dengan perendaman dalam natrium metabisulfit, (5) blansir dalam larutan natrium metabisulfit, dan (6) perendaman dalam larutan natrium metabisulfit yang dilanjutkan dengan blansir. Pengeringan dilakukan dengan fluidized bed dryer pada suhu 60 °C dan kecepatan udara pengering yang berada pada kisaran 0,619 m/detik hingga 0,839 m/detik sampai sampel mencapai kadar air kesetimbangan. Kadar air kesetimbangan (moisture equilibrium) dicapai setelah pengeringan selama 270 - 330 menit. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa model Lewis lebih sesuai dibandingkan dengan model Page untuk memprediksi laju pengeringan jamur tiram. Sampel jamur tiram tanpa perlakuan dan jamur tiram dengan perlakuan pencucian tanpa blansir merupakan sampel terbaik dengan waktu untuk mengeringkan hingga mencapai kadar air 12% adalah 150 menit dan rasio rehidrasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan sampel lainnya
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Sifat Pati Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) Beberapa Varietas Lokal Indonesia
Get PDFMung beans is a kind of legumes that possesses a potential amylose to produce low calories RS-3. Studies on the characteristics of the starch will be useful for the treatment of obesity in the future. Isolation and characterization of the properties of mung bean starch of 4 local Indonesian varieties (Walet, Sriti, Murai, and Vima-1) have done. Isolation of starch using a modified method of Hoover. The analyzed properties of starch consist of starch content, amylose content, granular shape, color, swelling power, WHC, the blue value, amylograph and crystallinity properties. The results indicated that the mung bean varieties Walet have the highest amylose content (55.39%), that’s potential as source of RS-3. Mung beans Walet have the 42.11% of starch content; 35.33% of yield starch; 99.63% of starch purity; 17.11 g/g of highest swelling power; 65.26 g/g of WHC; 59.36 g/g of OHC; 8.92% of blue value; Oval granular shape; white color (88.09 of Lightness); 78.7 °C of gelatinization temperature; tipe C of X-ray diffraction pattern, and 1430 Cp of the fastest retrograded starch viscosity.ABSTRAKKacang hijau merupakan jenis kacang-kacangan sumber pati beramilosa tinggi yang potensial menghasilkan RS-3 tinggi dan rendah kalori. Kajian tentang karakteristik patinya akan membuka peluang pemanfaatannya untuk penanganan obesitas di masa datang. Telah dilakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi sifat-sifat pati kacang hijau dari 4 varietas lokal Indonesia (Walet, Sriti, Murai, dan Vima-1). Isolasi pati menggunakan metode Hoover yang dimodifikasi dan sifat-sifat pati yang dianalisis meliputi kadar pati, amilosa, bentuk granula, warna pati, swelling power, WHC, blue value, viskositas, dan sifat kristalinitas pati. Hasil isolasi dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa kacang hijau varietas Walet memiliki kadar amilosa paling tinggi (55,39%), sehingga potensial sebagai bahan dasar RS-3. Kacang hijau Walet menghasilkan kadar pati 42,11%; rendemen pati 35,33%; kemurnian pati 99,63%; swelling power tertinggi 17,11 g/g; WHC 65,26 g/g; OHC 59,36 g/g; Blue Value 8,92%; bentuk granula oval; warna putih (L= 88,09); suhu gelatinisasi 78,7 °C; pola difraksi sinar X tipe C; dan viskositas pati paling cepat teretrogradasi (1430 Cp).Mung beans is a kind of legumes that possesses a potential amylose to produce low calories RS-3. Studies on the characteristics of the starch will be useful for the treatment of obesity in the future. Isolation and characterization of the properties of mung bean starch of 4 local Indonesian varieties (Walet, Sriti, Murai, and Vima-1) have done. Isolation of starch using a modified method of Hoover. The analyzed properties of starch consist of starch content, amylose content, granular shape, color, swelling power, WHC, the blue value, amylograph and crystallinity properties. The results indicated that the mung bean varieties Walet have the highest amylose content (55.39%), that’s potential as source of RS-3. Mung beans Walet have the 42.11% of starch content; 35.33% of yield starch; 99.63% of starch purity; 17.11 g/g of highest swelling power; 65.26 g/g of WHC; 59.36 g/g of OHC; 8.92% of blue value; Oval granular shape; white color (88.09 of Lightness); 78.7 °C of gelatinization temperature; tipe C of X-ray diffraction pattern, and 1430 Cp of the fastest retrograded starch viscosity.ABSTRAKKacang hijau merupakan jenis kacang-kacangan sumber pati beramilosa tinggi yang potensial menghasilkan RS-3 tinggi dan rendah kalori. Kajian tentang karakteristik patinya akan membuka peluang pemanfaatannya untuk penanganan obesitas di masa datang. Telah dilakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi sifat-sifat pati kacang hijau dari 4 varietas lokal Indonesia (Walet, Sriti, Murai, dan Vima-1). Isolasi pati menggunakan metode Hoover yang dimodifikasi dan sifat-sifat pati yang dianalisis meliputi kadar pati, amilosa, bentuk granula, warna pati, swelling power, WHC, blue value, viskositas, dan sifat kristalinitas pati. Hasil isolasi dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa kacang hijau varietas Walet memiliki kadar amilosa paling tinggi (55,39%), sehingga potensial sebagai bahan dasar RS-3. Kacang hijau Walet menghasilkan kadar pati 42,11%; rendemen pati 35,33%; kemurnian pati 99,63%; swelling power tertinggi 17,11 g/g; WHC 65,26 g/g; OHC 59,36 g/g; Blue Value 8,92%; bentuk granula oval; warna putih (L= 88,09); suhu gelatinisasi 78,7 °C; pola difraksi sinar X tipe C; dan viskositas pati paling cepat teretrogradasi (1430 Cp
Diskriminasi Kopi Lanang Menggunakan UV-Visible Spectroscopy dan Metode SIMCA
No full textIn this research, the use of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectral information of coffee solution in the range of 190-700 nm to classify the type of coffee into lanang and regular. The spectral data of lanang and regular coffee were acquired using UV-Vis/NIR spectrometer (JASCO Corp., Tokyo, Japan). The multivariate data analysis method, SIMCA, was used to construct the classification models which worked with the individual PCA model for each class of coffee samples. SIMCA provided the classification of the samples into one or more classes. The performance of the developed SIMCA model for each class was then evaluated in terms of its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The SIMCA classification method showed that it was possible to discriminate and separate the samples into two different classes (lanang and regular coffee) satisfactory value of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. This result could open a development of a rapid and reliable method based on UV-Vis spectra for the authentication of lanang coffee in the near future.ABSTRAKPada penelitian ini kami menggunakan informasi yang terdapat dalam spektra ultraviolet-visible dari sampel larutan kopi pada panjang gelombang 190-700 nm untuk mengklasifikasi dua jenis kopi yaitu kopi lanang dan kopi biasa (kopi bukan lanang). Spektra kedua jenis kopi tersebut diambil menggunakan alat UV-Vis/NIR spektrometer (JASCO Corp., Tokyo, Jepang). Metode analisis data berpeubah banyak bernama SIMCA digunakan untuk membangun model klasifikasi jenis kopi dengan cara membangun model PCA pada setiap kelas yaitu kelas kopi lanang dan kelas kopi biasa. Model SIMCA yang dibangun kemudian digunakan untuk mengevaluasi apakah sebuah sampel termasuk ke dalam kelas tertentu atau termasuk ke dalam lebih dari satu kelas. Kualitas model klasifikasi kemudian dievaluasi menggunakan parameter accuracy, sensitivity dan specificity. Pada penelitian ini, hasil klasifikasi menggunakan model SIMCA menunjukkan bahwa proses diskriminasi kopi lanang dan kopi biasa menghasilkan nilai accuracy, sensitivity dan specificity yang sangat memuaskan. Hasil riset ini telah membuka kemungkinan pengembangan metode yang mudah dan cepat berbasis spektra UV-visible untuk proses uji keaslian kopi lanang
Pembuatan Tepung Jagung Kuning Pramasak dengan Proses Nixtamalisasi serta Karakterisasi Produknya
No full textThe nixtamalization process of maize is an ancient alkaline-temperature process commonly used in the production of maize-related food products. Whole maize grains are heated in a cooker with an alkaline solution. Then the cooked grains are washed with hot tap water and rested for a while to assure a better distribution of moisture within the maize grains. Unfortunately this nixtamalized maize is not done yet. This research investigates the appropriate cooking time and concentration of alkaline solution. Visual assessment, hardness and lightly to flatten on cooked grains are basis of decision. Afterward, the cooked grains are flattened into chips which could be function as by product. Instant corn flour is obtained by grounding dry chips with a hammer mill. Finally, chemical compositions and physicochemical properties of instant cornflour are evaluated to measure its quality. The nixtamalized maize was done after cooking in 90 minutes at 3%w/w Ca(OH)7 solution and yielded 89% instant corn flour. Resulted corn flour had moisture (10,67%), crude protein (9,15%), crude lipid (5,40%), ash (2,55%) and amylose (26,24%). The resulted data of physicochemical properties showed that instant corn flour had colour (L 84,23; a -0,12; b +24,50), bulk density (606 kg/m3), angle of repose (36,49°), swelling power (7,03 g/g), water holding capacity (617%) and digestibility 58,69% in 6 hours
Penggunaan Energi pada Usahatani Padi di Lahan Lebak
No full textOne of the main purposes in Agricultural development in Indonesia is increasing food stability. So many efforts have been done to achieve high rice production but the energy consumption and its distribution has not been analyzed yet. Hence, analyzing on distribution of energy consumptions through energy analysis and cost are needed to be done. The research was conducted in September to December 2004 in Hamayung Utara and Baruh Kembang village, Daha Utara district South Hulu Sungai, Province of South Kalimantan, as the center of monotonous swamplands (lebak) rice production. The result showed that energy input of rice cultivation in swampy land using pump technology in it production process, input energy up to 50 MJ/ha, unless in seedling stage 17.54 MJ/ha. Total energy consumption during production process was 8427,37 MI/ha but using traditional method without pump was 559,08 MJ/ha. Cost input analysis showed that cost input using pump technology as much as Rp. 2,710.019.00/ha and 36.29% lower than the income of the cost output. Energy input using pump technology is much lower (16.06%) compared to energy output 52,449.6 MJ/ha. Addition with irrigation technology and chemical energy input (chemical fertilizer) increased cost output as much as Rp. 2,841,250.00 equal output energy 33,413.10 MJ/ha and increased energy output as much as 175,52 %. On farming system in monotonous swampy land the energy input ang production increased 14.07 and 1.75 times by addition machinery technology (pump)
Assessment of Irrigation System Performance and Its Associated Impacts on Poverty
No full textIt is indicated that the level of performance of an irrigation systefrz affects the benefit received by farmers. Low level of performance leads on the low farmers' income, which furthermore affects farmers' welfare. On the opposite, farmers with low level of welfare have limited capability to manage their irrigation system so the level of performance of the system declines. This created a vicious circle of low performance and poverty. This paper aims to assess irrigation system peformance, relate the performance with poverty in the system, and examine possibilites of poverty alleviation through improvement of irrigation system performance. Irrigation performance assessment comprises of characterization of irrigation system and performance assessment by using indicators. The study has been conducted in four irrigated systems in Java, namely Klambu Kiri, Glapan, Kalibawang, and Krogowanan. Lesson learnt were drawn from cases of the selected systems to find out factors affecting irrigation performance and how irrigation system performance affects farmers' welfare. Possible efforts to improve irrigation system performance to alleviate poverty are crop diversification, Irrigation Management Transfer, empowerment of Water Users' Association (WUA), locally specific farming, and off farm job opportunity. To implement those efforts there are some constraints to deal with, such as limited technical capability of farmers, diversity of social and culture, and limited available data and information
Produksi Asam Asetat oleh Sel Acetobacter pasteurianus INT-7 Amobil pada Variasi Konsentrasi Etanol
No full textAcetic acid fermentation by Acetobacter pasteurianus 1NT-7 immobilized cells with alginate gel on various ethanol concentration was investigated. Immobilized acetic acid bacteria cells were prepared with alginate gel 3% concentration with ratio cell suspension and alginat gel 1:3 (v/v) and conditioning time 24 hours. Fermentation using 10% immobilized cells (beads), medium of fermentation is YEPE (yeast extract pepton ethanol) with three ethanol concentration 5%, 7,5% and 10% respectively. Fermentation is going on shaker incubator with condition 100 rpm, 30" C for 10 days. The acetic acid production, pH and cells number were monitored for evey day. The immobilized cell fermentation was compared with free cells fermentation. The yield of free cells fermentation on 5% ethanol concentration is higher (84,6%) than immobilized cells yield (64,25 %), but on 7,5% and 10% ethanol concentration the immobilised cells yield is higher (62,77% and 45,44% respectively) than free cells yield ( 61,23% and 2,54% respectively).So the acetic acid fermentation using immobilized cells is effective on 7,5% ethanol concentration, while fermentation using free cells is effective on 5% ethanol concentratio
Cemaran Aflatoksin pada Produksi Jagung di Daerah Jawa Timur
No full textPenelitian ini ditujuan untuk mengindentifikasi tingkat cemaran aflatoksin pada produksi jagung di Propinsi Jawa Timur =la, dart lingkat petani, pengecer maupun pedagang sena mendapatkan data tentang praktek pasca-panen melalui kuesioner maul, 1111 peninjauan lapangan. Pemantauan dilakukan di 4 (empat) kabupaten penghasil jagung terbesar di Propinsi Jawa Thrum yaitu Malang, Tuban, Kediri dan Senep. Uji infeksi jamur menunjukkan bahwa hampir 100% biji yang diambil balk dart petani. pengumpul maupun pedagang di empat kabupaten terinfeksi oleh jaunt)• bermiselia putih dan hitam (tidak dilakukan identifikasi lanjut), Aspergillus dan Penicillium. Kadar air jagung yang diuji berkisar antara 12.60% - 20.84%. Hal ini merupakan indikator bahwa proses pasca panen belum berlangsung dengan baik. Data uji infeksi jamur aflatoksigenik menggunakan media AFPA menunjukkan bahwa sampel dengan cemaran aflatoksin tinggi (>100 ppb), rata-rata terinfeksi dengan jamur aflatoksigenik >50 %. Hasil uji aflatoksin menunjukkan bahwa dart 115 sampel yang diambil dart petani, pengumpul dan pedagang. 27 sampel (23%) tidak terdeteksi aflatoksin, sedang 48 sampel (42%) dengan cemaran aflatoksin 100 ppb. Dart hash uji diperoleh bahwa 6 sampel memiliki cemaran aflatoksin > 300 ppb, dengan cemaran tertinggi adalah sekitar 350 ppb. Secara urnum dapat disimpulkan bahwa praktek produksi jagung yang kurang balk dapat memberi peluang terhadap tingginya cemaran aflatoksin. Rekomendasi cara bercocok tanam yang tepat, pengeringan hingga kadar air 13% yang tidak boleti ditunda, penyimpanan pada ruang yang. kering dan bersih perlu disampaikan untuk petani, pengecer dan pedagang, maupun penterintah. Demikian pula insentif bagi petani, pengumpul dan pedagang yang mampu mempertahankan kebersihan bpi dart infeksi jamur Aspergillus flavus dan cemaran aflatoksin perlu ditingkatkan
Potensi DNA Sebagai Penguat Flavor
No full textThe application of DNA in food product is still limited. Meanwhile, nucleotides such as IMP and GMP have been widely used as flavour enhancer. The objectives of this research was to study the potency of DNA as a flavour enhancer. Firstly, the phsyco-chemical properties of single-stranded DNA were determined. The next step was the determination of treshold value using trained panels. Formulation of flavour enhancer premix and seasoning were also conducted in this research based on previous result. DNA was soluble in water and base solution. The viscosity of DNA solution was stable to oxygen exposure, but unstable to heat and light exposure. The water, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content of single stranded DNA were 6.37%, 25.20%. 48.58%, 0.1%, and 19.75%, respectively as wet basis. DNA and MSG have shown synergistic effect. The ratio of MSG and DNA premix, which had the best organoleptic properties was 95:5, according to hedonic test result, the optimum formula for seasoning was 1 g of salt, 1 g of flavour enhancer premix, 1 g sugar, 0.8 g of garlic powder, and 0.4 g of peppe
Metode Pemurnian Lipase Kecambah Biji Wijen (Sesamun indicum) Menggunakan Immobilized Metal Affinity
Get PDFA high-density matrix was prepared by coating an alumina particle with agarose using an emulsion technique. Iminodiacetic acid was immobilized onto this matrix. Charging this matrix with copper created a useful chromatography matrix for purification of indigenous sesame sprout lipase. Butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDGE) was used as spacer arm. Factors such as, adsorption pH, BDGE concentration in matrix preparation, concentration of NaCl and imidazole were investigated. Based on both the binding capacity of matrix and the eluate adsorbed lipase, the optimum BDGE concentration and the adsorption pH were found about 40 % and 7, respectively. However, an increase in NaCl concentration in adsorption buffer from 0.5 to 1.5 M resulted in 2 times decrease in the ratio between adsorbed lipase and adsorbed total proteins. More interestingly, immobilization of Cu on this matrix was highly effective in the purification lipase, since lipase could be easily eluted from matrix using low concentration of imidazole (10 mM). Enzyme recovery and purification factor were 68% and 9.4, respectively.ABSTRAKAdsorbent matrik yang mempunyai densitas tinggi dibuat dengan melapisi permukaan partikel alumina dengan agarose. Permukaan matrik dimodifikasi dengan iminodiacetic acid (IDA) menggunakan butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDGE). Gugus karboksil pada IDA digunakan untuk mengamobilisasi Cu dan digunakan untuk memisahkan indigenous lipase dari kecambah biji wijen. Kemampuan matrik tersebut pada pemurnian lipase dievaluasi. Faktor yang dipelajari adalah pengaruh konsentrasi BDGE pada preparasi matrik, pH adsorpsi, konsentrasi NaCl dan konsentrasi imidazol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum terjadi pada perlakuan konsentrasi BDGE 40 % danpH adsorpsi 7. Kenaikan NaCl dalam buffer dari 0,5 ke 1,5 M menyebabkan penurunan perbandingan lipase teradsorpsidan total protein teradsorpsi sebesar 2 kali. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa amobilisasi Cu pada matrik efektif digunakan untuk memurnikan lipase dan lipase dapat dimurnikan dengan hasil recovery sebesar 68% dan faktor purifikasi sebesar 9,4