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Pembuatan Brondong dari Berbagai Beras
No full textA technology of puffed-salted rice processing has been studied. Five rice varieties (IR 64, IR 42, IR 48, Cisadane and Gemar) were used. Salt solution was sprayed onto the rice prior to puffing, at level of 10 % of rice weight. Puffed salted rice were compared to puffed unsalted-rice. The results showed that either rice varieties or salting affected the puffed rice characteristics. Puffed rice of Gemar variety had the highest whiteness and volume expansion, and lowest hardness. Protein quality decreased in the puffed rice, indicated by decreasing in amino acids composition. Aromatics and S-amino acid were more susceptible to degradation during puffing than the others. Salt spraying before puffing resulted in puffed rice with lower whiteness and volume expansion, and higher water solubility and gel consistency. Salting also increased amino acids susceptibility to degradation during puffing. Salting, however, decreased in the ability to absorb water and increased hardness, therefore the treatment would keep puffed rice crispy for longer lime rather than puffed, unsalted-rice. Organoleptics evaluation also showed that puffed rice of Gemar variety had the high score of color, appearance, taste and crispiness, though poor in flavor. Rice salting decreased in the panelist acceptability of color and appearance, but increased in the crispiness, taste and flavor acceptability
Cloning of Lab Gene Encoding Bacteriocin From Pediococcus acidilactici Fil Into Escherichia coli DH5a
No full textPediococcus acidilactici F11 is able to inhibit the growth of related species of enterobacteriaceae by secreting bacteriocin. Effort to increase bacteriocin production by transforming lab gene encoding bacteriocin from P. acidilactici Fl 1 into E. colt DH5a was carried out. Plasmid pPAF11 (encoding bacteriocin from P. acidilactici F11) and p13C19 as vector which were double-digested with Madill and BamHI, ligated, and transformed into E. colt DH5a. White colonies, as indicator of transformant, were picked up and grown in LB-broth medium containing ampicilin. Test ability of the transformant in expressing lab gene was done by heating the supernatant of the transformant at 95-98° C for 15 minutes and determining its inhibition against Enterococcus faecalis as bacterial indicator. Location of lab gene was confirmed by analyzing recombinant plasmid and curing plasmid using acrydine orange. Analysis of the plasmid carried by transformant revealed that plasmid size was similar to that of P. acidilatici. This led to a suggestion that the plasmid was a shuttle plasmid
Pengkajian dan Penanganan Daerah Aliran Sungai dengan Pendekatan Model Answers Bagian H : Prediksi Erosi, dan Sedimentasi
No full textThe amount of sediment which will leave to or deposit in the elements of watershed was able to be calculated by ANSWERS model at different land uses, soil types and land slopes. The simulation model resulted the soil erosion of 2,228 WOK' or equal to 51,99 ton/ha/year at the existing rainfall (21,95 mm). Considering the tolerable soil erosion of the study area of 30 ton/ha/year, the optimal forest land area needed in this watershed is 70% of the total land area, where the soil erosion is still less than the tolerable soil erosion, that is 21, 98 ton/ha/year. This value is less than 58,77% of the existing soil erosio
Pemakaian Hasil Analisis Harmonik Hasil Sedimen (Sediment Yield) Untuk Pemantauan dan Evaluasi Manajemen Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) (Studi Kasus Di Sub DAS Tapan)
No full textDepartemen Kehutanan sebagai instansi pemerintah yang bertanggung jawab atas kelestarian hutan dan lahan atasan di suatu Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) telah melaksanakan beberapa program beserta tindakan pemantauan dan evalualinya (monitoring and evaluation), meskipun belum mempunyai prosedur dan metode yang baku. Tujuan utama tulisan ini ialah melakukan evaluasi manajemen DAS dengan memakai analisis harmonik hasil sedimen sebagai salah satu peubah (variable) pemantauan (monitoring) usaha perbaikan manajemen lahan yang telah dilakukan, dengan mengasumsikan bahwa proses perubahan watak DAS dalam kurun waktu yang ditinjau berlangsung dalam keadaan tunak. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Sub DAS Tapan yang merupakan bagian DAS Bengawan Solo. Analisis dilakukan terhadap data hasil sedimen untuk kurun waktu 1974 - 1979, 1983 -1988 dan 1986 - 1990. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemakaian analisis harmonik memberikan akurasi nisbi tinggi pada kurun-kurun waktu awal dan semakin lama semakin mengecil untuk kurun-kurun waktu setelahnya. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perubahan watak DAS dalam keadaan tunak berlangsung pada kurun waktu awal untuk kemudian berangsur-angsur berubah menjadi proses tak lunak sesuai dengan proses perubahan tata guna lahan. Proses tak tunak juga ditunjukkan oleh perubahan harga koelisien limpasan, fo, dalam kurun waktu yang ditinjau
Pengembangan Model Operasi Pompa Berkelanjutan di Daerah Irigasi Sumur Pompa Dangkal
No full textModel of sustainable pump operation in an unconfined groundwater irrigation system was developed to determine pump operation pattern which consist of the number of pumps, duration, and distance between pumps, so that crop water requirement is fulfilled and groundwater irrigation system is sustained. Total irrigation flow, EQpi, results in lowering water table which is called drawdown, sn. Drawdown sn should be less than di (sn< di) which (d1 is maximum drawdown which is affected by pump technology. Model outputs for the area of Sri Rahayu Farmer Group in Kedungtuban, Blora for existing cropping pattern show that average irrigation water requirement is 916.1mm/year and peak flow is 4.93 ips. It still can be fulfilled by 1, 2, 3, 4, or 9 pumps for 10 days operation continuously which is shown by the drawdowns which are less than maximum drawdown
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Buah Adas (Foeniculum vulgare, Mill) pada Vibrio harveyi dan Vibrio alginolyticus
Get PDFEvaluation of natural products as a safe and effective antimicrobial agent is a scientific strategy to treat the drug resistant pathogens. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) is an herbal plant that has an active ingredient which is one of its benefits as an antibacterial material. In this study, water extract of fennel fruit determined the antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Test (MIC) and paper disk diffusion method. The results obtained on the MIC, the smallest concentration inhibited the growth was 0,060 g/ml, for both bacteria. The variations on Paper Disk Diffusion Method were the concentrations of A (0.065 g/ml), B (0.070 g/ml), C (0.075 g/mL), D (0.080 g/ml), E (0.085 g/ml), F (0.090 g/ml) and Control (0.000 g/ml). The concentration of 0.090 g/ml had the highest inhibition zone diameter in 11.17 ± 0.5 mm (V. harveyi) and 12.53 ± 1.14 mm (V. alginolyticus). It can be concluded that the fruits of fennel (F. vulgare Mill) has a very important ecological role as an alternative treatment in controlling the spread of vibriosis caused by V. harveyi and V. alginolyticus.ABSTRAKEvaluasi produk alami sebagai agen antimikrobia yang aman dan efektif adalah salah satu strategi ilmiah untuk memerangi ancaman patogen resistan terhadap obat. Fennel, (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), umumnya dikenal sebagai adas, merupakan tanaman herbal yang memiliki bahan aktif yang salah satu manfaatnya adalah sebagai bahan antibakteri. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak air dari buah adas untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Vibrio harveyi dan Vibrio alginolyticus dengan menggunakan metode uji Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan difusi cakram kertas. Hasil yang diperoleh pada uji MIC, konsentrasi terkecil untuk menghambat pertumbuhan adalah 0,060 g/ml, untuk kedua spesies bakteri. Variasi perlakuan pada uji cakram kertas yaitu konsentrasi A (0,065 g/ml), B (0,070 g/ml), C (0,075 g/ml), D (0,080 g/ml), E (0,085 g/ml), F (0,090 g/ml) dan kontrol (0,000 g/ml), hasil yang diperoleh adalah konsentrasi 0,090 g/ml memiliki diameter zona hambat tertinggi sebesar 11,17 ± 0,5 mm (V. harveyi) dan 12,53 ± 1,14 mm (V. alginolyticus), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa buah adas (F. vulgare Mill) memiliki peranan ekologi yang sangat penting sebagai bahan pengobatan alternatif dalam pengendalian penyebaran penyakit Vibriosis yang disebabkan oleh V. harveyi dan V. alginolyticus
Ekstraksi Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L) Secara Sekuensial dan Aktivitas Antioksidannya
Get PDFGedi’s leave is one of the raw material in tinutuan porridge, a traditional food from Manado Indonesia. The leaves was extracted by various solvent to dissolve all of the compound. The aim of this study was to compare the profile and antioxidant activities of the extract in various sequence of solvent. Hexane, aseton, and methanol were used to dissolve a non polar, semi polar and polar component, respectively. All of the extract were analysed for its antioxidant activities. The profile of extract were indicated by total phenol and total flavonoid meanwhile antioxidant activities was measured by radical scavenging activity DPPH, metal chelating and singlet oxygen quenching. The result indicated the sequence of hexane – aseton – methanol contain the highest of total phenol and flavonoid compare to the others with 10.67±0.49 mg GAE/g extract and 2.33±0.026 mg quersetin/g extract. The sequence also showed the highest of antioxidant activities at 150 μg/mL extract with 67.47%; 48.07% and 38.66% for percentage of inhibition DPPH, value of metal chelating and singlet oxygen, respectively.ABSTRAKDaun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L) merupakan salah satu bahan utama tinutuan, makanan tradisional Manado.Penelitian tentang profil dan aktivitas antioksidan dari daun Gedi telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi dan membandingkan profil dan aktivitas antioksidan dari daun gedi yang diekstraksi secara sekuensial dengan pelarut heksana, aseton dan metanol. Ekstrak daun gedi selanjutnya dianalisis kandungan total fenolik dan flavonoid, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidannya dilakukan secara in vitro meliputi penangkal radikal bebas DPPH, pengkelat logam dan penstabil oksigen singlet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak sekuensial heksanaaseton-metanol (ESHAM) memiliki total fenol dan total flavonoid yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan ekstrak lainnya,masing-masing sebesar 10,67±0,49 mg GAE/g ekstrak dan 2,33±0,026mg kuersetin/g ekstrak. ESHAM juga memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang paling tinggi, dengan persentase penghambatan DPPH sebesar 67,47%; persen pegkelat logam sebesar 48,07% dan persen penghambatan oksigen singlet sebesar 38,66% pada konsentrasi 150μg/mL esktrak. Kesimpulan senyawa fenolik pada daun gedi bersifat polar sehingga menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi pada pelarut polar
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Asam Laktat Penghasil Inhibitor Enzim HMG-KoA Reduktase dari Bekasam Sebagai Agen Pereduksi Kolesterol
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was to obtain statins producer bacteria as a HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) enzyme inhibitor to reduced cholesterol biosynthesis. Stages of this research were the isolation of compactin and lovastatin resistant bacteria, statin production, analysis of culture extracts to inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and identification of bacteria. The results showed that the 20 isolates of compactin and lovastatin resistant bacteria, there are 5 bacterial isolates produced statins. They were L3.3.4; C3.4.2; C3.3.5; C3.4.4 and L3.3.3; with the statins content were 9.491; 1.536; 0.065; 0.060; and 0.040 ppm. Selection of the 5 bacterial isolates resulted 2 bacteria which had inhibition ability to HMGR enzyme activity. They were Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbruckii sp. delbruckii with inhibitory ability were 66.67% and 58.33%, respectively.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh bakteri penghasil statin sebagai inhibitor enzim HMG-KoA reduktase (HMGR), penghambat sintesis kolesterol. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah isolasi bakteri yang resisten terhadap compactin dan lovastatin, produksi statin, uji penghambatan ekstrak dari kultur bakteri terhadap HMG-KoA reduktase dan identifikasi bakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari 20 isolat bakteri yang resisten terhadap compactin maupun lovastatin, terdapat 5 isolat bakteri yang potensial menghasilkan statin, yaitu isolat L3.3.4; C3.4.2; C3.3.5; C3.4.4 dan L3.3.3; dengan kandungan statin berturut-turut adalah 9.491; 1,536; 0,065, 0,060, dan 0,040 ppm. Seleksi terhadap 5 isolat menghasilkan 2 bakteri yang mempunyai kemampuan penghambatan terhadap aktivitas enzim ¸Â•ÝWtu Lactobacillus acidophilus dan Lactobacillus delbruckii sp. delbruckii dengan kemampuan penghambatan berturut-turut adalah 66,67% dan 58,33%
Pengaruh Jenis Pengemas terhadap Retensi Karoten, Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Gula Kelapa yang Diperkaya Minyak Sawit Merah Selama Penyimpanan
Get PDFThe addition of red palm oil in palm sugar will affect the content and retention of carotene as well as physical and sensory properties of the product during storage which were also influenced by packaging types. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in physical, chemical and carotene retention during storage of palm sugar. Palm sugar enriched with red palm oil was made by addition of two types of red palm oil (CPO and RPO ) and the amount of the addition (30 ml , 60 ml and 90 ml ) / 10 L coconut sap, after that packed with a single packaging (polypropylene, PP) and double packaging (PP + brown paper ) and stored for 2 months. After stored for 2 months, the level of total carotenoids of coconut palm sugar enriched with RPO decreased between 4.99 to 49.79 % with carotene content between 703 µg/100g up to 13383 µg/100 g. The decreased level of total carotene in first month and second month storage of coconut palm sugars enriched with RPO was higher (17.48 % and 24.47 %) compared to coconut palm sugar enriched with CPO (7.47% and 12.95 %) (p<0.05). The use of double packaging (polypropylene plastic + brown paper) is able to inhibit the decrease in total carotenoid up to 4.00 % to 6.67 %, better than the single packaging. The longer the storage, moisture content of product increased. However, after stored up to 2 months, the water content in all treatments was in range of SNI-01-3743-1995 standard (< 10 %) which is between 8.55 % up to 9.94 %.ABSTRAKPenambahan minyak sawit merah pada gula kelapa akan berpengaruh terhadap kandungan dan retensi karoten, serta sifat fisik dan sensori produk selama penyimpanan yang juga dipengaruhi oleh jenis pengemas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi perubahan sifat fisik, kimia dan retensi karoten selama penyimpanan gula kelapa. Gula kelapa yang diperkaya minyak sawit merah dibuat dengan penambahan dua jenis minyak sawit merah (CPO dan RPO) dan jumlah penambahannya (30 ml, 60 ml dan 90 ml) / 10 L nira kelapa, serta dikemas dengan pengemas tunggal (plastik polypropilene/PP) dan pengemas ganda (plastik PP + kertas coklat). Makin lama penyimpanan terjadi penurunan kekerasan tekstur, retensi dan kadar total karoten, sebaliknya untuk parameter kadar air dan kadar gula reduksi terjadi peningkatan. Setelah disimpan selama 2 bulan, kadar total karoten gula kelapa yang diperkaya karoten dari CPO maupun RPO turun antara 4,89 % - 49,79 % dengan kadar karoten antara 703 µg/100 g – 1338,3 µg/100 g. Makin banyak jumlah penambahan CPO maupun RPO, persentase penurunan total karoten selama penyimpanan makin kecil. Penurunan kadar total karoten bulan ke-1 dan ke-2 pada gula kelapa yang diperkaya RPO lebih tinggi (17,48 % dan 24,48 %) dibandingkan gula CPO (7,47 % dan 12,95 %) (p<0.05). Penggunaan pengemas ganda plastik polypropylene dengan kertas coklat (payung) mampu menghambat penurunan total karoten hingga 4,00 % sampai 6,67 % lebih baik dibandingkan pengemas tunggal. Makin lama penyimpanan, kadar air produk makin meningkat. Namun demikian hingga penyimpanan selama 2 bulan, kadar air produk pada semua perlakuan masih dalam kisaran standar SNI-013743-1995 (< 10 %), yaitu antara 8,55 % - 9,94 %
Dampak Kebijakan Pembatasan Impor Bawang Merah terhadap Usahatani Bawang Merah di Kabupaten Probolinggo
Get PDFOn January - August 2013, the government implemented a quota-based import restriction policy for the shallot. While on September 2013, the government then changed it into a price-based import restriction. This research aims to determine how the impact of the quota-based and price-based import restrictions to the level of protection, profitability, and efficiency of farm. The method of analysis used in this research is PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix) method. The results showed that the quota-based import restriction policy has increased 141%, 270%, and 32% of protection, profitability, and efficiency of shallot farming, respectively. The price-based import restriction policyhas decreased 46% and 233% of protection and profitability of shallot farming, however it has increased 1% of the efficiency.ABSTRAKPada Januari - Agustus 2013, pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan pembatasan impor berbasis kuota terhadap komoditas bawang merah. Selanjutnya, pada September 2013 pemerintah mengubah kebijakan tersebut menjadi pembatasan impor berbasis harga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak kebijakan pembatasan impor berbasis kuota dan berbasis harga terhadap proteksi, profitabilitas, dan efisiensi usahatani bawang merah. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pembatasan impor berbasis kuota telah meyebabkan proteksi, profitabilitas, dan efisiensi usahatani bawang merah meningkat 141%, 270%, dan 32%. Sedangkan kebijakan pembatasan impor berbasis harga menyebabkan proteksi dan profitabilitas usahatani turun 46% dan 233%, dan efisiensi usahatani meningkat 1%