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Analysis of Consumer Perception and Preference of Pasteurized Milk on Buying Decision during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Full text linkThis study was carried out to determine consumer perceptions and preferences of pasteurized milk products with the Susu Nasional brand sold daily by mobile vendors. The influence of these perceptions and preferences on buying decision for Susu Nasional products was directed at the development of a contingency plan for companies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires and purposive sampling from 20 indicators consisting of 13 exogenous and seven endogenous indicators. The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive statistical method with a partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed a decrease in the buying decision of Susu Nasional products with an increase in the mobile selling implemented by the company due to the vendors’ hospitality, comfort, availability of the product, and the close distance between mobile vendors and customers. On the other hand, the use of attributes by mobile vendors still needs to be increased during the pandemic through the addition of a point of sale by setting up a booth for consumer. In conclusion, PLS-SEM analysis showed that consumer perceptions and preferences positively and significantly influenced 60% of the decision to buy Susu Nasional during the pandemic
Effect of Varied NaCl Soaking Treatment on Chemical Composition of Lesser Yam Flour and Its Use in the Production of Gluten-Free Noodles
Full text linkIn order to reduce dependence on wheat flour, it was necessary to use alternative options, such as lesser yam flour. The production of lesser yam flour consisted of soaking yam tubers in NaCl solutions of different concentrations (20% and 25%). This soaking process was necessary for enhancing the physical characteristics of the flour, resulting in reduced mucus and a whiter appearance. The diverse NaCl concentrations during soaking significantly affected chemical composition of lesser yam flour, impacting parameters, including moisture, ash, fat, total protein, reducing sugar, total sugar, glucomannan content, and calories. However, no discernible effect was observed on the crude fiber and carbohydrate content. In comparison to the 25% NaCl, the 20% NaCl had lesser yam flour with lower moisture, ash, protein, total sugar, and reducing sugar content, but higher fat, glucomannan, and calories. The 25% NaCl soaked lesser yam flour was selected for the production of gluten-free dry noodles. Dry noodles were prepared with various proportions of lesser yam flour and mocaf flour, including 0:100 (TG0), 50:50 (TG1), 50:40 (TG2), 70:30 (TG3), 80:20 (TG4), and 90:10 (TG5). An increase in the proportions of lesser yam flour resulted in increased hardness and chewiness, along with decreased springiness and cohesiveness. Therefore, lesser yam could be processed into flour by soaking in NaCl solutions to produce better flour, with the optimal flour composition being 80% lesser yam flour and 20% mocaf flour for gluten-free noodles production. This suggested the potential for further development of lesser yam flour as a raw material for the production of gluten-free noodles
The Effect of Sodium Tripolyphosphate and Guar Gum on Physical Characteristics of Analog Rice from Gaplek Flour
Full text linkGaplek flour is a processed product of cassava preservation abundant during the harvest season in Lampung Province. The high carbohydrate content in cassava facilitates the processing of gaplek flour into carbohydraterich food source, such as analog rice. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of adding STPP and guar gum on the formulation of analog rice made from 70% gaplek flour and 30% corn flour. Analog rice was produced using the extrusion method with a twin-screw extruder. The results showed that the addition of STPP did not affect water absorption characteristics. The solubility of rice in deep water also decreased with increasing amounts of STPP and guar gum. Meanwhile, guar gum significantly increased water absorption and reduced the solubility of rice in water. The degree of gelatinization decreased with the addition of both materials. The addition of 0.3-0.5% STPP and 0.5-2% guar gum had no significant effect on hardness, stickiness, elasticity, and cohesiveness of analog rice prepared using a cooker
Physical, Chemical, Organoleptic Characteristics, and Antioxidant Activity of Instant Cascara Powder with Additions of Ginger and Sappan Wood
Full text linkThe aroma and taste of cascara products are generally mild, and the use of cascara powder also produces a blackish-brown extract color. To enhance both the taste and aroma, it is recommended to add ginger (Zingiber officinale) and sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan). Ginger contains essential oils to enhance aroma and has antioxidant activity. On the the hand, the Brazilin compound in sappan wood provides a natural red color, and the polyphenols have antioxidant activity. This study aimed to determine the effects of adding ginger and sappan wood extracts on physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties, as well as the antioxidant activity of instant cascara powder, with a focus on selecting the best and most preferred formulation. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with one factor, namely concentration of ginger and sappan wood extracts. The treatment consisted of six levels, including F1 as control (cascara 100 g), F2 (cascara 70 g, ginger 5 g, and sappan wood 25 g), F3 (cascara 70 g, ginger 10 g, and sappan wood 20 g), F4 (cascara 70 g, ginger 15 g, and sappan wood 15 g), F5 (cascara 70 g, ginger 20 g, and sappan wood 10 g), and F6 (cascara 70 g, ginger 25 g, and sappan wood 5 g). The results showed that additions of ginger and sappan wood extracts impacted physical property, namely redness value, chemical properties including moisture, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activity, as well as all organoleptic parameters. The best and most preferred formulation was sample F2 which had a redness value of 6,39, moisture content of 2,62%, polyphenol content of 35,41 mg GAE/g, and antioxidant activity amounting to 64,5%. Moreover, the average value of color preference was 5,32 (somewhat like), fragrance 4,32 (neutral), taste 4,8 (neutral – somewhat like), and overall 4,84 (neutral – somewhat like)
Evaluating the Food Properties of Canned Beef Rendang to Determine the Product Quality
Full text linkCanning is a common method for preserving food, but its application to traditional cuisine is a new concept for Indonesian small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which typically focus on freshly served dish. Several studies have shown that the use of this method has the potential to extend the durability and marketability of beef rendang. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the food properties (sensory, proximate, color, spectroscopy, and physiochemical) of canned beef rendang to its suitability for consumption. Canning was carried out using the sterilization method at a temperature of 121 0 C and pressure of 0.7-0.9 bar. The sensory test of the canned product obtained was performed using a questionnaire, exploring various properties, including appearance, color, taste, aroma, and texture, while the proximate analysis was conducted by PT Saraswanti Indo Genetech laboratory. The color analysis was measured with a chromameter Konica Minolta CM-5 using the petri dish method, while the spectroscopy analysis was performed with an FTIR instrument from Brucker Vertex-80 using the ATR technique. Subsequently, moisture content was statistically analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level. The sensory test results of canned beef rendang showed a 4.52 rating on a maximum scale of 5. The sterilization value (F0) was 3.819 minutes, which met the BPOM requirement of >3 minutes. The findings showed that the proximate analysis was consistent with the SNI standard, while the spectroscopy analysis indicated an unchanged functional group compared to the initial condition. The canned product was reported to have an increased trend of moisture content, but the range did not exceed the permissible limit of 60%. In addition, the pH and TBA value obtained were 5.745-5.315 and 0.1859-0.3195 mg/kg, respectively. The normal pH range of canned beef was typically 5.3-5.7, indicating that the value recorded met the established standard. Meanwhile, the TBA range obtained was significantly lower than the value of spoiled beef at 1.8 mg/kg. Based on these results, canned beef rendang was edible and safe for consumption
Effect of Oleogelation Temperature on Physicochemical Properties and Stability of Peanut Oil Oleogel (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Full text linkOleogelation is a method to transform liquid oil into solid fats without altering the fatty acid profile. Compared to hydrogenation, oleogelation requires a relatively simple process and does not produce trans fats. In oleogelation, temperature has a crucial role in affecting the properties of oleogel. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of oleogelation temperature on the physicochemical properties and stability of peanut oleogel. In this study, peanut oil oleogel was formed at 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C using 3% beeswax as oleogelator agent. The best oleogel obtained was stored for 40 days and evaluated for its stability every 10 days followed by testing as a shortening replacer in a cake. The results showed that the higher oleogelation temperature, the greater the hardness and oil binding of oleogel, leading to lower acid and peroxide values. The best oleogelation temperature was obtained at 90 °C with hardness, oil binding capacity, acid, and peroxide values of 0.08±0.01N, 98.31±0.39%, 0.70±0.03 mg KOH/g, and 22.61±0.33 mek O2 /kg, respectively. During 40 days of storage, the hardness and oil binding capacity decreased while the acid, peroxide, and TBA values increased. Additionally, the crystal structure of peanut oil oleogel was affected during storage. The application in cake resulted in lower viscosity of cake batter and a higher yellow index compared to the control (shortening), but the texture profile of cake formulated with oleogel and shorthening (contorl) was not significantly different. This implied that shortening replacement with peanut oil oleogel in baked products was feasible
Optimization of Sorghum Starch (Sorghum bicolor L.) Partial Hydrolysis using Microwave-Assisted Acetic Acid Catalyst
Full text linkHydrolysis process is relatively slow, requiring the use of catalyst and microwave assistance to accelerate the reaction. There fore, this study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for partial hydrolysis of sorghum starch (Sorghum bicolor L.) using acetic acid as a microwave-assisted catalyst to produce maltodextrin. The experiment was carried out in several stages, namely gelatinization, liquefaction, and drying, while Response Surface Method (RSM) was used for variable design and data analysis. Hydrolysis process was carried out with three independent variables, including acetic acid concentration (9%, 12%, and 15%), microwave power (300 watts, 400 watts, and 500 watts), and liquefaction time (35 minutes, 45 minutes, and 55 minutes). The results showed that the highest DE (Dextrose Equivalent) value of maltodextrin was found at 17.04% acid concentration, 400 watts microwave power, and 45 minutes liquefaction time, valued at 18.921 ± 0.099. The optimum dextrose equivalent of 17.763 would be achieved at 16.879% acetic acid concentration, 390.233 watts of microwave power, and 47.055 minutes of liquefaction time. This study introduces the innovation of using acetic acid as a catalyst and microwave assistance during the gelatinization stage
Study of Different Concentrations of Sorbitol as a Plasticizer in Producing Gelatin-Based Biodegradable Film from Chicken Claw Waste
Full text linkAn environmentally friendly packaging material that can be used in place of synthetic, non-green plastic packaging is biodegradable film. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of sorbitol plasticizer concentrations on the characteristics of biodegradable film produced from chicken claw waste. The treatments applied during the production process consisted of three sorbitol concentrations, including 0.5, 1, and 1.5%, repeated thrice. Characterization of biodegradable film comprised thickness, water content, water solubility, film swelling, mechanical properties, pH, water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, and degradation tests. Analysis of variance results showed that the sorbitol concentrations significantly influenced thickness value, but did not affect other characteristics. The best treatment was 0.5% sorbitol which generated thickness of 0.15 mm, WC of 13.97%, WS of 44.72%, swelling of 96.97%, tensile strength of 12.29 MPa, elongation of 22.23%, elasticity 58.53 Mpa, pH 7.5, WVP 9.26 g.m -1 pa -1 hour -1 , OP 1.52 g.m -1 pa -1 , and degradability for 14 days