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Evaluasi Karkas dan Rumah Potong Ayam Lokal di Beberapa Kabupaten di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan Jawa Tengah
No full textLocal chickens are one of national assets which need serious consideration, because they have some advantages than imported ones. These local chicken are still used as raw material for some traditional foods or ceremonies. But the quality of their carcasses was still low, so that it was needed to observe them in the practices (at the slaughtering houses and the market). The observations were conducted in some regions; Surakarta and Sukoharjo (Middle Java), Yogyakarta city, Sleman and Bantu! (Yogyakarta Special Province). This research was focussed on chemical, physical and microbiological determination on local chicken carcasses, which were sold in the market and evaluastion on slaughtering houses in the five research locations. The results depicted, the local chicken carcasess had higher protein and calorie content, lower fat content than imported ones. Based on sensory evaluation, these chicken carcasses showed good physical appearance. The results on texture and colour test depicted, there were no significant differences among the. But the microbiological test poniled out, that all samples were containinted by Escherichia coil, Staphylococcus sp and Salmonella sp. The field observation on the slaughtering houses showed, that all houses did not implement the principles of equipment lay-out, processing flow, good sanitation and waste handling and hygienic material handling
Potensi Lactobacillus plantarum yang Diisolasi dari Dadih dalam Meningkatkan Kadar Folat Susu Fermentasi
No full textFolate is a B vitamin that participates in one-carbon transfer reactions of metabolism process, particularly purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis (DNA and RNA). Some strains of lactic acid bacteria are known to produce folic acid through the conversion of guanosine tri phosphate and the presence of precursor p-amino benzoic acid and glutamic acid. In this study, skim milk was fermented using Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13, G-3, and H-1 to increase the levels of folate. Fermentation was conducted at 37 °C for 18 hours. The aims of this study were to investigate the population of L. plantarum during fermentation period, the change in pH and the levels of folate in fermented milk. The results showed that during the fermentation period using L. plantarum G-3, H-1, and Dad-13 cell count increased from 107 to 108 for G-3 and H-1, while Dad-13 into 109. The pH value decreased and the levels of folic acid in early fermentation increased rapidly but after approaching the end of fermentation, it began to stagnate. The folate level of skim milk was 23.70 ± 3.25 µg/L. Increased levels of folate in fermented milk after 18 hours fermentation using L. plantarum Dad-13, G-3, and H-1 were 32.04 ± 1.85 µg/L (135.19%), 28.21 ± 0.28 µg/L (118.99%), and 25.13 ± 1.27 µg/L (106.03%), respectively.ABSTRAKFolat merupakan vitamin B yang berpartisipasi dalam reaksi transfer satu-karbon dalam proses metabolisme, terutama biosintesis purin dan pirimidin (DNA dan RNA). Beberapa strain bakteri asam laktat diketahui mampu memproduksi asam folat melalui konversi guanosin tri pospat dan dengan adanya prekursor p-amino benzoat serta asam glutamat. Pada penelitian ini, susu skim difermentasi menggunakan Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13, G-3, dan H-1 untuk meningkatkan kadar asam folatnya. Fermentasi dilakukan pada 37 °C selama 18 jam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola pertumbuhan sel, perubahan pH, dan kadar asam folat susu selama fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama fermentasi menggunakan L. plantarum Dad-13, G-3, dan H-1 jumlah sel meningkat dari 107 menjadi 108 untuk G-3 dan H-1, sedangkan Dad-13 menjadi 109. Nilai pH mengalami penurunan dan kadar asam folat pada awal fermentasi meningkat dengan cepat tapi setelah mendekati akhir fermentasi mulai stagnan. Kadar asam folat susu skim adalah 23,70 ± 3,25 µg/L. Dibandingkan dengan kadar asam folat susu skim, peningkatan kadar folat susu fermentasi setelah 18 jam fermentasi dengan starter L. plantarum Dad-13, G-3, dan H-1 secara berturut-turut 32,04 ± 1,85 µg/L (135,19%), 28,21 ± 0,28 µg/L (118,99%), dan 25,13 ± 1,27 µg/L (106,03%)
Hubungan antara Ketuaan Durian CV Sunan dengan Sifat Fisiknya
No full textThe objective of this research is to determine relationship between durian maturity of Sunan cultivar and its physical properties. Twelve mature Sunan durians of 100 ± 3 days after fullbloom and 12 immature durians of 70 ± 3 days after fullbloom were used to bedetermined their specific gravity and physical properties. Specific gravity was measured by water displacement and physical properties was visualy identified. After the measurement of specific gravity, all durians were opened (0 measure firmness and total soluble solid (TSS). Durians pulp firmness were measured using Rheometer CD-300 DX (kg unit) while total soluble solid of durians pulp using a digital refractometer Atago PR-201 (% brixs). The result indicated that Sunan durians with oval shape, weight 1,53 1-0,45 kg, diameter 16.0 1-3,0 cm, length 19,0 ±4,0 cm and can be cracked or opened. The specific gravity immature durian was 0,99 ±0,08 gicrn'' and mature durian was 0,89 0,024 g/cm3. The relationship between specific gravity versus firmness of durian pulp, and specific gravity versus total soluble solid are significant as indicated by R2 = 0,89 and R2 = 0,88 respectively. The firmness of immature durian pulp is bigger than 3 kg and the total soluble solid is less than JO % bri
Es Krim dari Susu Kedele dan Susu Kecipir
No full textTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang sifat-sifat as krim dari susu kedele dan susu kecipir dengan perm bandingan terhadap shat-sifat es krim dari susu sapi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwe flavor as krim yang lerbaik adalah flavor as krim dari susu sapi. Tekstur as krim dari susu sapi tidak berbeda nyala dengan tekstur as krim dari susu kecipir. Overrun as krim dari susu sapi dan susu kedele lebih basar dari overrun susu kecipir. Janis susu ternyata tidak berpengaruh terhadap lama pelelehan. Jumlah mikrobia es krim dan susu sapi Iebih banyak dibanding jumlah mikrobia pada as krim dari susu kedele maupun dari susu kecipir. Tingkatan mutu as krim yang dipetoleh adalah berfurut-turut as Krim dari susu sapi, as krim dari susu kecipir, as krim dari susu kedele
Pengurangan Asam Fitat Biji Kedele dengan Cara Pengupasan
No full textAttempts have been made to reduce phytic acid level in soybean by mechanical dehulling process. Dehulling was carried out mechanically by using abrassive roller at of 750 to 1450 rpm. for 10 to 30 seconds. Mechanical dehulling at 750 rpm for 25 seconds was able to reduce approximately 81 per cent of the original content of phytic acid This hulling procedur gave about 87 per cent recovery of the hulled soybean
Pengawetan Geplak dengan Sorbat dan Propionat
No full textTelah dilakukan penelitian penggunaan potasium sorbat dan potasium propionat dengan kadar 0,05%-0,15% untuk mengawetkan geplak. Selama penyimpanan geplak diamati tiga hari sekali selama satu bulan atau sampai geplak berbau tengik atau berjamur. Pengamatan meliputi total jamur, total bakteri, total asam, tingkat ketengikan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa geplak yang diberi tambahan sorbat 0,10% dan 0,15% masih awet sampai sebulan; sedangkan geplak yang ditambah propionat sampai kadar 0,15% maupun geplak tanpa penambahan mulai rusak pada hari ke sembilan. Geplak yang diawetkan dengan sorbat agak berbau sorbat yang dapat "dikurangi" dengan penambahan essen
Studi Tentang Kitin Cangkang Udang II : Hidrolisis dengan Lisozim
No full textTelah dilakukan penjati-dirian hidrolisat kitin cangkang udang (Penaeus merguiensis) oleh lysozyme menggunakan kromatografi kolom dan kromatografi lapis tipis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hidrotisis kitin oleh lysozyme menghasilkan kitooligosakarida sampai dengan trimer, tidak diketemukan dimer maupun monomerny
Isolation and Purification of Oxalate Oxidase From Barley Seedling
No full textA procedure of isolation of oxalate oxidase from barley seedling and a new method for purification is described. A purification step was accomplished by the second partition using polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) and Devi-Iran-500 (4.5%1 4), and affinity chromatography using oxalate immobilized on activated CNBR-Sepharose 6MB as a ligand. After partition some protein were separated, and the specific activity were increased by 5-30 fold. The affinity chromatography using Oxalate-Sepharose effectively separated the oxalate oxidase. The specific activity of pure enzyme was 154.3 U/mg protein and the purity was 41 fold
Tropical Hydrology Simulation Model 1 For Watershed Management (Trophydsim-1)
No full textA hydrological. simulation model, named the Tripical Hidrology Simulation Model I (Trophydsim-1), was created in order to simulate the run-off processes in mountainous terrain in a tropical monsoon region. The hydrological cycles in five major land covers, i.e., forest, upland, plantations (normally tobacco areas), paddy fields, and settlements, were each analogized by a series of four storages representing interception. depression, upper. zone and lower-zone storages. A set mathematical equations expressing empirical formula as well as physical law were employed in the model. An automatic parameter optimization routine was presented. The model was applied to the Kali Progo river basin. Central Java. Indonesia. which contains five subbasins. The simulated and recorded hydrographs were in close agreement both at every transfer point of the subbasins and in three different calendar years with different land use patterns.Some hydrologic characteristics were found from application of the model. The basin, which is mainly comprised of fresh volcanic formations. is capable of storing much water and releasing it gradually as groundwater flow. Therefore. the basin provides stable low flow for irrigating paddy land, which has expanded to 40 to 60 percent of the whole basin area. with multiple cropping patterns of rice-rice-upland crops or even rice-rice-rice.The model was also applied to simulate the effect on water regime of different modes of watershed management of simply land use patterns. Five scenarios representing extreme conditions of land use and four more realisti