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Desain dan Uji Kinerja Mesin Pemarut Sagu Tipe TPB 01
Get PDFSago processing conducted by the people of Papua have used grater, but it lacks of attention on food safety because one of iron part (corrosion) having contact to the sago. However, it may affect the quality of sago starch. This study aimed to design and to test the performance of machine grater use stainless steel grade eyes. The method used was through the engineering design approach consists of problem identification, formulation and refinement of the design concept, design analysis and work drawing, machinery manufacturing, functional testing and performance testing. The results showed that the designed sago grater machines has a capacity of 649.38 kg/h at a speed of 1400 rpm rotary cylinder grate, and the sago pith loss rate of 6.71%. ABSTRAKPengolahan sagu yang dilakukan kelompok masyarakat di Pulau Papua hanya menggunakan mesin pemarut. Namun mesin pemarut yang digunakan kurang memperhatikan faktor keamanan pangan karena ada bagian alat yang kontak dengan empulur sagu yang terbuat dari besi yang mudah berkarat. Hal ini tentunya akan mempengaruhi mutu dan kualitas pati sagu yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan desain dan uji kinerja mesin pemarut sagu dengan mata parut stainless steel. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu melalui pendekatan rancangan teknik yang terdiri atas indentifikasi masalah, perumusan dan penyempurnaan konsep desain, analisis desain dan gambar teknik, pembuatan mesin, uji fungsional, dan uji kinerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mesin pemarut sagu hasil rancangan memiliki kapasitas 649,38 kg/jam pada kecepatan putar silinder parut 1400 rpm, dan tingkat kehilangan empulur sagu sebesar 6,71%
Prediksi Aliran Permukaan Menggunakan Modifikasi Model Bilangan Kurva
No full textThe objectives of the study are (i) to predict surface runoff of watersheds using modification of curve number model, and (ii) to find out the good fit of model application at different size of watersheds. The research was conducted in Padas sub watershed (3356.48 ha)- and Goseng sub watershed (596 ha), upper Solo watershed, Central Java. The data used for analysis were daily rainfall, daily of water level in the stream, soil type, landuse, and minimum infiltration rate from 1998 up to 2002. Surface runoff was calculated using modification of Soil Conservation Service Curve Number Model, which was integrated with the model of SWRRB (Simulator for Water Resources in Rural Basins). The use of curve number model was based on the availability of data such as soil type evaluation, landuse, conservation practices, initial soil moisture contents, and the hydrologic condition of the watersheds. Results indicated that the model was not valid for bigger watershed (Padas sub watershed). This was denoted by low values of correlation coefficient between observed and predicted surface runoff The tws, indicated that observed and predicted surface runoff are significantly different. On the other hand, for the smaller one (Goseng sub watershed) the model was agreed, it was illustrated by no significantly different between observed and predicted surface runoff based on the statistical measures above
Pengaruh Metode Nanoenkapsulasi terhadap Stabilitas Pigmen Karotenoid dan Umur Simpan Minyak dari Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus L)
Get PDFThe utilization of carotenoid rich red fruit oil for food product development is still limited due to has low solubility in aqueous phase and unstable. Nanoencapsulation was proposed to improve the solubility as well as to retain the stability. This study aimed to determine the capability of nanoencapsulation process in maintaining the stability of carotenoid towards heat and light treatments and to estimate the shelf life of the encapsulant. Ionic gelation method was applied in the nanoencapsulation process using chitosan as a coating agent. Total carotenoid was calculated using Gross equation, while the estimation of shelf life of the product was predicted using Arrhenius model. Particle size of the best nanoencapsulation sample was 70.48 nm with a polydisperse index of 0.02 and zeta potential of 14.80 mV. These physical properties of nanoencapsulant agreed with the results of morphological measurement by TEM. The stability of carotenoid pigment in nanoencapsulant throughout several treatments, such as light (1700 lux, 12 hours), blanching (80 °C, 30 minutes), pasteurization (90 °C, 20 minutes), and sterilization (121 °C, 5 minutes) was higher compared to the stability of emulsion without treatment. The decreasing of total carotenoid in nanoencapsulant for each treatment was 6.92%; 13.51%; 17.77%; and 20.49%, while the reduction in emulsion was 26.33%; 45.25%; 54.46%; and 65.74%, respectively. Nanoencapsulation sample at room temperature (25 °C) has a shelf life of 5.2 months which was longer than the emulsion sample (0.5 months). Nanoencapsulation showed better protection on the stability of carotenoid pigment and increased the shelf life of red fruit oil. ABSTRAKPemanfaatan minyak buah merah yang kaya akan pigmen karotenoid pada produk pangan masih terbatas karena sifatnya kurang larut dalam fase air dan memiliki stabilitas yang rendah. Nanoenkapsulasi diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kelarutan dalam air dan mempertahankan stabilitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh proses nanoenkapsulasi dalam mempertahankan stabilitas pigmen karotenoid minyak buah merah dari pengaruh perlakuan panas dan cahaya, serta memperkirakan umur simpan nanoenkapsulat. Proses nanoenkapsulasi menggunakan metode gelasi dengan kitosan sebagai bahan enkapsulat. Total karotenoid diukur menggunakan persamaan Gross, dan prediksi umur simpan menggunakan model Arrhenius. Ukuran partikel nanoenkapsulasi terbaik mencapai 70,48 nm dengan polidispersi indeks 0,02 dan zeta potensial 14,80 mV. Kriteria fisik nanoenkapsulasi ini didukung oleh hasil pengukuran morfologi menggunakan TEM. Stabilitas pigmen karotenoid pada nanoenkapsulasi dengan perlakuan cahaya (1700 lux, 12 jam), blansir (80 °C, 30 menit), pasteurisasi (90 °C, 20 menit), dan sterilisasi (121 °C, 5 menit) lebih baik dibandingkan emulsi tanpa perlakuan dengan penurunan total karotenoid masing-masing perlakuan sebesar 6,92%; 13,51%; 17,77%; dan 20,49% pada nanoenkapsulasi, sedangkan pada emulsi mencapai 26,33%; 45,25%; 54,46%; dan 65,74%. Sampel nanoenkapsulasi pada suhu ruang (25 °C) memiliki umur simpan 5,2 bulan lebih lama dibandingkan sampel emulsi yang hanya mencapai 0,5 bulan. Metode nanoenkapsulasi dapat mempertahankan stabilitas pigmen karotenoid dan meningkatkan umur simpan minyak buah merah.The utilization of carotenoid rich red fruit oil for food product development is still limited due to has low solubility in aqueous phase and unstable. Nanoencapsulation was proposed to improve the solubility as well as to retain the stability. This study aimed to determine the capability of nanoencapsulation process in maintaining the stability of carotenoid towards heat and light treatments and to estimate the shelf life of the encapsulant. Ionic gelation method was applied in the nanoencapsulation process using chitosan as a coating agent. Total carotenoid was calculated using Gross equation, while the estimation of shelf life of the product was predicted using Arrhenius model. Particle size of the best nanoencapsulation sample was 70.48 nm with a polydisperse index of 0.02 and zeta potential of 14.80 mV. These physical properties of nanoencapsulant agreed with the results of morphological measurement by TEM. The stability of carotenoid pigment in nanoencapsulant throughout several treatments, such as light (1700 lux, 12 hours), blanching (80 °C, 30 minutes), pasteurization (90 °C, 20 minutes), and sterilization (121 °C, 5 minutes) was higher compared to the stability of emulsion without treatment. The decreasing of total carotenoid in nanoencapsulant for each treatment was 6.92%; 13.51%; 17.77%; and 20.49%, while the reduction in emulsion was 26.33%; 45.25%; 54.46%; and 65.74%, respectively. Nanoencapsulation sample at room temperature (25 °C) has a shelf life of 5.2 months which was longer than the emulsion sample (0.5 months). Nanoencapsulation showed better protection on the stability of carotenoid pigment and increased the shelf life of red fruit oil. ABSTRAKPemanfaatan minyak buah merah yang kaya akan pigmen karotenoid pada produk pangan masih terbatas karena sifatnya kurang larut dalam fase air dan memiliki stabilitas yang rendah. Nanoenkapsulasi diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kelarutan dalam air dan mempertahankan stabilitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh proses nanoenkapsulasi dalam mempertahankan stabilitas pigmen karotenoid minyak buah merah dari pengaruh perlakuan panas dan cahaya, serta memperkirakan umur simpan nanoenkapsulat. Proses nanoenkapsulasi menggunakan metode gelasi dengan kitosan sebagai bahan enkapsulat. Total karotenoid diukur menggunakan persamaan Gross, dan prediksi umur simpan menggunakan model Arrhenius. Ukuran partikel nanoenkapsulasi terbaik mencapai 70,48 nm dengan polidispersi indeks 0,02 dan zeta potensial 14,80 mV. Kriteria fisik nanoenkapsulasi ini didukung oleh hasil pengukuran morfologi menggunakan TEM. Stabilitas pigmen karotenoid pada nanoenkapsulasi dengan perlakuan cahaya (1700 lux, 12 jam), blansir (80 °C, 30 menit), pasteurisasi (90 °C, 20 menit), dan sterilisasi (121 °C, 5 menit) lebih baik dibandingkan emulsi tanpa perlakuan dengan penurunan total karotenoid masing-masing perlakuan sebesar 6,92%; 13,51%; 17,77%; dan 20,49% pada nanoenkapsulasi, sedangkan pada emulsi mencapai 26,33%; 45,25%; 54,46%; dan 65,74%. Sampel nanoenkapsulasi pada suhu ruang (25 °C) memiliki umur simpan 5,2 bulan lebih lama dibandingkan sampel emulsi yang hanya mencapai 0,5 bulan. Metode nanoenkapsulasi dapat mempertahankan stabilitas pigmen karotenoid dan meningkatkan umur simpan minyak buah merah...
Potensi Hipolipidemik Yogurt dari Isolat Protein Biji Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) pada Tikus Hiperkolesterol dengan Perlakuan Jumlah Pakan
Get PDFProtein content of winged bean is almost the same as soybean, but the beany flavor is more poweful than soybean. Therefore the protein of winged bean was isolated prior to use as raw material of yogurt. This research was aimed to determine the potency of hypocholestrolemic activity of yogurt protein isolate of winged bean through in vivo bioassay by using Sprague Dawley male rats. The treatments of the research were yogurt feed treatment with concentration of yogurt 0 (standard feed without yogurt as a control), 2, and 4 g yogurt/day as low and high concentration treatment respectively for 4th weeks after hypercholesterol feed treatment for 1 week. The blood lipid profile of rats, including triglyceride, cholesterol total, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were analysed on the 2nd and 4th weeks for the yogurt feed treatment while for before yogurt feed treatment, the evaluation were based on the adaptation phase and the 1st week for hypercholesterol phase. The result of this research showed that the blood triglyceride, cholesterol total, LDL increased, and the blood HDL decreased in hypercholesterol phase before yogurt feed treatment. The potency of hypocholestrolemic of yogurt from protein isolate of winged bean was shown by the decreasing of blood triglyceride, cholesterol total, LDL and increasing the HDL cholesterol after the yogurt feed treatment with low and high concentration. That indicated that yogurt that was made of protein isolate of winged bean could reduced cholesterol. ABSTRAKBiji kecipir memiliki kadar protein yang hampir sama dengan kedelai, namun bau langunya lebih tajam daripada kedelai, sehingga perlu diisolasi proteinnya sebelum digunakan sebagai bahan baku yogurt. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan potensi hipokolesterolemik yogurt isolat proteun biji kecipir melalui uji biologis in vivo menggunakan tikus jantan Sprague Dawley. Perlakuan penelitian ini adalah perlakuan pakan yogurt dengan konsentrasi 0 (pakan standar tanpa penambahan yogurt sebagai kontrol), 2, dan 4 g yogurt/hari berturut-turut sebagai perlakuan konsentrasi rendah dan tinggi selama 4 minggu perlakuan pakan yogurt sesudah pemberian pakan hiperkolesterol selama 1 minggu. Profil lipida darah tikus meliputi kadar trigliserida, total kolesterol, kolesterol High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dianalisis pada minggu ke 2 dan 4 minggu selama perlakuan pakan yogurt dan sebelum perlakuan pakan yogurt yaitu pada fase pemeliharaan adaptasi dan 1 minggu pada fase pemeliharan hiperkolesterol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa trigliserida, total kolesterol, dan kolesterol LDL meningkat dan kolesterol HDL menurun selama fase pemberian pakan hiperkolesterol sebelum perlakuan pakan yogurt. Potensi hipokolesterol yogurt isolat protein biji kecipir ditunjukkan dengan penurunan trigliserida, total kolesterol, dan kolesterol LDL, serta peningkatan kolesterol HDL sesudah perlakuan pakan yogurt dengan konsentrasi rendah maupun tinggi. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa yogurt isolat protein biji kecipir mampu menurunkan kolesterol
Potensi Gambut Tropika Sebagai Sumber Energi
No full textThere are large expanses of as yet untapped peat resources in the tropics potentially utilizable energy source. Indonesia has by far the largest occurrence estimated at 8.8 million hectares with peat thickness of greater than 2 m. The energy related characteristics of tropical peat appear not to differ substantially from those of sphagnum peat of the northern latitude countries in which peat has long been utilized for energy. are now several possible forms of peat product designed for practical use in electrical, heat, and steam generating plants, in industry, and in household application. Prospect of peat as an alternative source of energy in tropical countries, particularly in Indonesia appear promising. In the short term prospect of application in Indonesia would appear to be restricted to local use for small size generating plants and for household use. In the long term however, the possibility of Indonesian peat as an exportable commodity should not be ruled out. The possibility and potential of using the Indonesian peat and peatlands for various purposes including energy, call for an intersectoral coordination and cooperation in exploration and exploitation. Development of peat for agricultural, forestry, energy, and recreational uses can be complementar
