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Penetrasi Natrium Bisulfit dan Kalium Sorbat Ke Dalam Nanas Selama Perendaman dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Produk Nanas
No full textPreservation process of pineapple was carried out through combination of blanching, reduction of pH, addition of sugar and chemical preservatives and vacuum packaging. The effectivity of chemical preservatives used was influenced by their penetration into pineapple. The aims of this study were to investigate penetration effectivity of sodium bisulphite into pineapple in the presence of potassium sorbate and their influence to the product during storage. Prepared pineapples were soaked in solution (pH 3,0) containing of 40% w/v sucrose, with various concentrations of sodium bisulphite (100-500 ppm) and potassium sorbate (0-1500 ppm) for 24 hours. The products were packed in vacuum plastic and stored in room temperature. The result showed that penetration of sodium bisulphite into pineapple was greatly influenced by potassium sorbate concentration. On the other hand, penetration of potassium sorbate into pineapple was not significantly affected by sodium bisulphite concentration. Combination of sodium bisulphite (100-500 ppm) and potassium sorbate (0 and 500 ppm) could not prevent spoilage, as indicated by the swelling of vacuum plastic container. The use of 1000 ppm and 1500 ppm potassium sorbate produced no swollen package during two weeks storage. Concentration of vitamin C in the products treated with 1000-ppm potassium sorbate and sodium bisulphite (100-500 ppm) decreased during the two weeks storage. Treatment with 400 ppm and 500 ppm sodium bisulphite and 1000 ppm potassium sorbate could prevent browning reaction during two weeks storage
Peran Enzim Protease Endogenus dalam Proses Pelunakan Daging Selama Post Mortem
No full textProteolysis of myofibrill ar proteins is responsible for structural degradation in skeletal muscle leading to meat tenderization. Among endogenous proteases involved in post mortem proteolysis, only calpains (calcium-dependent proteolytic systems) have been proven of having a predominant role in post mortem tenderization. Ca 1p ai n.s consist of µ.-calpain (proteinase requiring 5-701.1M Ca2+ for activity), m-calpain (proteinase requiring 100 - 2000 /.i.M ca'* for activity), calpastatin (a specific inhibitor to calpains and it also requires Cat` to bind to the proteinases). Although calpastatin is a well known inhibitor for calpains activity, present knowledge on the regulation of calpain activity is by no means complete. However, there is no doubt that there are factors other than proteolysis such as elevated ionic strength and presence of connective tissues that will certainly affect meat tenderness
Komposisi Serat Makanan Beberapa Fraksi Sosoh Beras
No full textBrown rice of three varieties (IR-64, Cisadane and Pandan Wangi) were milled gradually to obtain milling fractions comprising 0-7.5% milling fraction I (FSI), 7.5-15% (FSII), 15-22.5%(FSIII), 22.5-30% (FSIV) and milled rice. The milling fraction and milled rice were analyzed for their dietary fiber components, protein, lipid and ash. The distribution of dietary fiber components in the milling fraction varied within rice varieties. Most of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were distributed in 0-7.5% ESL FSI contained 12-17% hemicellulose, 7-9% cellulose and approximately 3% lignin. FS H contained 1-8% hemicellulose, 3-4% celulose and 0.8-2% lignin, while the FS HI, FS IV and milled rice contained less than 1% hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Most of pectic substance (310%) was distributed in FS III and FS IV. Protein content of FSI, II 111 and IV varied from 11% to 18%. The highest lipid content (more than 18%) was observed in the FS I. The fractions from the outer portion contained higher amount of ash
Penentuan Transmisivitas dan Porositas Efektif Untuk Mengkaji Proses Gerakan Airtanah Pada Lahan Heterogen
No full textThe main purpose of this research is to determine properties of non-homogeneous ill-drained area which are reflected by transmissivity and effective porosity. The flow of water was analyzed using Darcy law and Boussinesq equations which were developed based on analogy theory of heat conduction to 2-Dimension (pseudo 3-D) of transient water flow. Based on the formula, transmissivity and effective porosity have been determined through mathematical model. The model needs daily deep water table as the main data. The model was tested in PG Jatitujuh Cirebon. The transmissivity and effective porosity information were very useful to solving drainage problems in the ill-drained area. Result of iteration method indicated that the land have 11 and S are 0,070 - 0,698 rnlm and 0,10 - 91,0 m2/day respectively. A R-square test was used to compare deep water table between observation data and output model each of bore hole, and was found average R-square is 0,8519 and standard of error is 0,0981
Strategi Pemasaran Minyak Goreng Berdasarkan Analisis Indeks Sikap Konsumen dan Analisis SWOT di Yogyakarta
No full textDalam menyusun strategi pemasaran yang baik, sebuah perusahaan barns mengetahui sikap atau penerimaan konsumen terhadap produknya clan perbandingan produknya dengan produk pesaingnya. Analisis yang dibutuhkan adalah analisis sikap konsumen dan analisis SWOT. Dari analisis sikap konsumen dapat diketahui tingkat penerimaan konsumen terhadap atribut produk. Dalam penelitian ini atribut yang dinilai penting oleh konsumen dalam melakukan pembelian adalah rasa dan aroma (0,16), harga (0,14) dan kenampakan minyak goreng (0,13). Sikap konsumen terhadap produk ditunjukkan melalui nilai indeks sikap konsumen yang menunjukkan sikap cukup balk dengan daerah penerimaan 2,
Perubahan Lingkungan Fisik Tanah Sawah Dengan Penambahan Bahan Organik Pada Berbagai Cara Pemberian Air
No full textThe problem faced by the flooded rice field are the deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the toxic of Fe, Mn, Al, and Bo to plant. When the puddled soil are dried the structure of soil becomes massive. Hard consistency caused the roots of crop do not able to penetrate the soil. To overcome those problems, the research of the addition' of organic matter into the soil under various method of irrigation was conducted. The experimental design strip split plot design was used. The treatments were the method of irrigatiOn as horizontal factor (a), duration of organic matter incorporated into the soil as vertical factor (b). The kind of organic matter as subplot factors (c). The crops to be tested were rice (IR - 36) and soybean. The field experiment was carried out in KP4 UGM experiment station, Berbah, Sleman Yogyakarta. The results of this experiment indicated that the bulk density increased with time from the plowing up to the harvest. However, the hydraulic conductivity of soil decreased. The lowest bulk density was in the plots buried by straw (0.85 gr/cm3) and the highest was buried by the leaf of gliriside (Glericidia sepium) (0.96gr/c). The addition of organic matter into the soil increased nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. The residue effects of those treatments on soil grown by the soybean indicated that the soil aggregate of 2 mm increased by 40% in the plots buried by the straw. The highest yield of rice was on the plots buried by leaf of gliriside under the intermittent irrigation with the yield as higher as 6.53 ton/ha
Resistant Starch : Pembentukan, Metabolisme, dan Aspek Gizi-nya
No full text"Resistant starch (=RS)" is defined as the sum of starch and products of starch degradation not absorbed in the small intestine of healthy individuals. The presence of RS can be influenced by some factors including processing, the type of starch (amylase or amylopectin), the physical state of the starch (degree of hydration, particle size) and the presence of other components (i.e. lipids and fiber). in the large intestine, RS is fermented (as dietary fiber) by anaerobic bacteria. The major end product of fermentation are Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs: acetate, propionate and butyrate) and gases (CH4, CO2 and H2.). The important physiological effects of RS are due not to the RS itself but also the SCFAs. Among the physical properties of RS are increase the viscosity of the intestinal content, reduce the rate of small intestinal absorption and increase stool bulk and fecal weight. Butyrate which is one of the main end products of fermentation is believed to protect against colorectal cancer while propionate has been suggested to play a certain role in the lipid metabolism. SCFA is also known to decrease pH of the intestinal content which make the large intestine healthier
Evaluasi Sifat Morpologi dan Teknologi Pengolahan pada Gabah dan Beras
No full textPenelitian evaluasi dan beras terhadap mutu dan jumlah hasil ditekankan pada lr36 , lr38 dan Cisadane. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pangan Karawang. Hasil studi menunjukkan diantara ketiga varitas, Cisadane mempunyai ukuran dimensi butiran yang lebih besar daripada Ir36 dan Ir38. Di antara ketiga varitas, persen kulit sekam yang tertinggi didapat 23,57 % pada lr38 diikuti 22,32% pada Ir36 dan 19,5% pada Cisadane. Persen beras pecah kulit tertinggi diperoleh pada varitas Cisadane yaitu 78,99% kemudian 76,03% pada 1r36 dan 76,82% pada Ir38. Persen hasil giling bervariasi sangat nyata pada tingkat penyosohan yang berbeda, juga bervariasi sangat nyata dengan indeks keputihan, beras utuh dan beras patah yang berarti setiap kenaikan tingkat penyosohan akan mendapatkan perunan rendemen dan beras utuh tetapi berlawanan dengan indeks keputihan dan beras patah. Evaluasi pada indeks keputihan yang sama, memberikan hasil pada varitas Cisadane rendemen yang lebih tinggi daripada kedua varitas yang lain. Rendemen Cisadane 70,75%, Ir38 mempunyai rendemen 65,81% dan Ir36 mempunyai rendemen 61,74%
Soil Erosion as A Result of Upland Traditional Cultivation in Java Island
No full textSoil erosion is one of the most important problems in the world. History, tradition, area condition, and differencies of the intensity of soil erosion measures cause differencies in quantity of erosion in one place and the other. Also the variation of the kind of the occasion problems, will result diferencies in the kind of prevention activities too. Soil erosion in Java Island caused by specific reasons i.e. traditional agriculture cultivation pattern without taking into account any soil conservation measures and proper landuse, and influenced by the bad condition of the population pattern because of the intense increasing population density, and about 70 percent of the inhabitants have their living solely from agriculture cultivation. From the knowledge of the quantity of erosion in Java based on the results of the available observations, and the problems causing it, can be expected to find a correct step and operational strategy of prevention. The prevention of erosion in Java is not only an introduction effort and to create awareness and technical knowledge among the farmers, but this should be combined with other activities i.e. transmigration, birth control, increase of income, creation of new employment opportunity, etc
