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Pengaruh Kadar Air terhadap Beberapa Sifat Fisik Biji Lada Putih
Get PDFThe physical properties of seed are required in designing an apparatus for handling, separation, drying, storage, and processing. The physical properties of white pepper seeds were determined as a function of moisture content in the range of 15,40 - 64,80 % dry basis (d.b.). The average height, length and width at a moisture content condition of 15,40 % (d.b.) were 4,11 ± 0,27 mm; 4,35 ± 0,34 mm and 4,35 ± 0,35 mm, respectively. In the range of moisture content 15,40 - 64,80 % (d.b.), the results of this study showed an increase linearly of the third axial dimension, the average diameter, the roundness from 0,969 to 0,977, the volume from 39,50 to 67,34 mm3, the surface area from 55,87 to 79,92mm2 and the thousand seed mass from 52,47 to 75,63 g. Bulk density and true density has a polynomial correlation with changes in moisture content.The porosity decreased from 45,01 % to 44,88 % with an increase in the moisture content range of 15,40 - 64,80 % (d.b.). ABSTRAKSifat fisik biji-bijian diperlukan dalam merancang suatu peralatan untuk penanganan, pemisahan, pengeringan, penyimpanan dan pengolahannya. Sifat fisik biji lada putih ditentukan sebagai fungsi kadar air pada rentang 15,40 - 64,80 % basis kering (b.k.). Tinggi, panjang dan lebar rata-rata pada kondisi kadar air 15,40 % (b.k.) adalah 4,11 ± 0,27 mm; 4,35 ± 0,34 mm dan 4,35 ± 0,35 mm berturut-turut. Pada rentang kadar air 15,40 - 64,80 % b.k., hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan secara linear pada ketiga dimensi aksial, diameter rata-rata, kebulatan dari 0,969 hingga 0,977, volume dari 39,50 hingga 67,34 mm3, luas permukaan dari 55,87 hingga 79,92 mm2 dan massa seribu biji dari 52,47 hingga 75,63 g. Bulk density dan true density memiliki hubungan polinomial dengan perubahan kadar air biji. Porositas menurun dari 45,01 % hingga 44,88 % dengan peningkatan kadar air pada rentang 15,40 - 64,80 % (b.k.)
Penentuan Struktur Hidroksipropil Glukosa dengan Cara H-NMR
No full textHasil hidrolisis pati hidroksipropil dengan asam dilakukan fraksinasi dengan HPLC menggunakan kolom μ Poracil semi-preparatif. Dua komponen utama yang diperoleh diuji dengan spektrometri ' HNMR dalam bentuk turunan perasetat. Penentuan struktur dipertegas dengan menggunakan pembanding senyawa model hldroksipropil glukosa. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa turunan perasetat dan komponen hidroksipropil glukosa yang pertama adalah campuran diasterosomer-anomer 2-0-(2-hidroksipropil)-D-glukopiranosa tercampur sedikit dengan 3-0-(2-hidroksipropil)-D-glukopiranosa perasetat dan yang kedua adalah campuran diasterioisomer-anomer 2-0-(2-hidroksipropil)-D-glukopiranosa perasetat
Pengaruh Variasi NaCl dan Na2CO3 Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Mikrostruktur Mie Sagu Kering
No full textSagu dapat diolah menjadi produk mie dengan penambahan tepung terigu dengan perbandingan 70:30, tetapi hasilnya masih sangat lunak dan lembek. Untuk memperbaiki sitat fisik tersebut dilakukan penambahan NaCI dan NaCO3 dengan kadar yang bervariasi. Penambahan senyawa tersebut berpengaruh terhadap kualitas pemasakan dan mikrostruktur mie. Peningkatan konsentrasi NaCI diikuti dengan peningkatan total cooking loss tetapi interaksinya dengan Na, CO3 akan membatasi total kehilangan akibat pemasakan tersebut yaitu pada konsentrasi NaCI:Na, = 0.5:0,5. Dan sebaliknya pada peningkatan konsentrasi Na,CO, akan mernperbesar absorpsi air, swelling index dan kapasitas rehidrasi tetapi interaksinya dengan NaCI akan membatasi jumlah penyerapan air tersebut akibat pengaruh peningkatan konsentrasi NaCI akan memperkecil absorpsi air, swelling index dan kapasitas rehidrasi. Penambahan NaCI dan Na2CO3 akan memperbaiki tekstur, kelekatan, elastisitas dan mencoklatkan mie. Mie yang memiliki sifat fisik yang disukai konsumen dan memiliki mikrostruktur terbaik menyerupai mie terigu adalah mie dengan penambahan NaCI dan Na, CO, dengan konsentrasi NaCI:Na,CO. = 0.5:0.5 perse
Pembangkitan Data Hujan Harian dengan Model Rantai Markov Untuk Penyediaan Air Irigasi
No full textPenelitian ini dilakukan di Daerah Irigasi Van Der Wijck, dengan sumber air irigasi utarna berasal dari bendung Progo. Model yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini dibagi atas 2 sub-model yaitu: (a) sub-model pembangkitan data dengan menggunakan model rantai Markov. dan (b) sub-model kebutuhan air irigasi. Model diuji dengan menggunakan uji statistik T test dan analisis regresi, sedangkan untuk mendapatkan pola tanam yang optimum dilakukan analisis uji koefisien variansi. Dan analisis koefisien variansi diperoleh bahwa saat tanam terbaik untuk pola tanam "padi IR 36 - padi Cisadane - Jagung" adalah pada awal bulan Desember dengan koefisien variansi terkecil (0,949), sedangkan untuk pola tanam "padi Cisadane - padi IR 36 - Jagung" saat tanam terbaik adalah pada pertengahan bulan November dengan koefisien variansi terkecil (0,859)
Pengembangan Sistem Proses Retting Serat Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Menggunakan Kultur Mikrobial Pada Lingkungan Non-Aseptik
No full textKenaf fibres is one of the primary fibre commodities in Indonesia. However, the national total production of the fibre meets only 20-30% of the national consumption. In addition, most of the fibre quality is still low, where, 15-20 % of the fibre grouped into quality A, 40-50 % quality B and the rest, is grouped into quality C. It is likely that the resting process in the chain of fibre production is the main source of its low quality. n order to reduce rettin time and improve the fibre quality obtained, various efforts have been done to improve the rating processes, including the use of integrated processes of microbiological, mechanical and semi mechanical processes. The addition 2.5 % of adaptive starter of Bacillus polymyxa BCC-27 into 'wiling process was unsignificant (p > 0.05). It is likely that the case was nullified by the addition of 0.005 % urea. The six and three hour per day circulation treatments could enhance the condition of resting processes; mainly pH and temperature, but still less than DO. Without circulation unsignificant (P > 0.005) toward the degradation of peclin, holocellulose, cellulose and lignin. The fibre produced by the sixth combination treatments, that are circulation treatments and 0.05 % urea by culture enrichment 2.5 % meets the standart quality A. End-point rating or top resting accured on the process period of after five day. The process is still under resting on the fifth day, but over 'wiling after the seventh day
Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Permukaan Bola dengan Aliran Udara Paksa dalam Pipa
No full textHandling and processing of agricultural products mostly consist of heat transfer. Commonly the heat process of agricultural products is conducted in closed systems with air forced circulation. The process of heat transfer is significantly controlled by the values of the coefficient of surface heat transfer. Therefore the objectives of the research were to determine the pertinent parameters affecting the coefficient of heat transfer of sphere in forced air circulation and then to develop the mathematical relationship of those parameters. The mathematical relationship was determined using dimensional analysis composing dimensionless numbers such as Nusselt, Reynolds and size ratio. The coefficient of surface heat transfer were determined by heat capacitance method and analytical approaches using samples of spheres made from copper and wood respectively. The results indicate that the relation of the dimensionless groups were significant. The coefficient of surface heat transfer appropriately can be expressed using the pertinent parameters
Pengkajian dan Penanganan Daerah Aliran Sungai Bagian Hulu dengan Pendekatan Model ANSWERS, Bagian 1 : Prediksi Air Limpasan
No full textThe Area Nonpoint Sources Watershed Environment Response Simulation (ANSWERS) model as the distributed hydrologic model for the simulation of 10 scenarios of land uses is presented. The model is based on the assumption that at any point of watershed spatial, runoff volume is closely related to the hydrologic and physiographic processes such as, rainfall intensity, infiltration rate, soil moisture content, soil behaviour, land slope and vegetative cover. The discharge hydrograph of the model gave a good result and was statistically significant to the observed hydrograph.. Among the ten scenarios of land uses, the lowest peak discharge of 7.7. m3/second was obtained at the simulation of 80% of forest land, meanwhile the highest peak discharge of 33.36 m3/second was obtained when there was no forest land at the study area
An Expert System For Comprehension of Forage Crops and Utilization on Pasture System
No full textThe knowledge based of expert system for comprehension of forage crops and utilization on pasture system could be extracted from domain experts and established literatures for preparing an expert system skeleton. This system was developed by CLIPS program. The skeleton of the expert system is divided into four main parts; information, pasture management and prediction. The introduction part will help user to get general information of forage crops and the important environmental factors of many processes so that user can understand the process components in pasture establishment. The pasture management part explains the principle of managing the pasture for sustainable utility and gaining continuously and sufficiently high yield of crops and animal production. The last part is prediction part, to illustrate principle of factors and algorithms using in decision making / prediction the selection of forage crop varieties on pasture establishment; furthermore, in this part has model for predicting groundwater pollution vulnerability of the existing environment of pasture which will be established
Indeks Subjek Volume 35, Tahun 2015
No full textA spore forming bacteria 301Aceh 288Acid 332Acid hydrolysate 396Active compound 316Active edible coating 61Aflatoxin B 10Agitated fermentation 434AHP 223Akway 170Amylograph 324Animal 164Anthoecyanin 130Anti Aflatoxin 10Antibacterial 170Antimicrobial 44, 147Antioxidant 368Arabic gum 414Asam drien 288Aspergillus flavus 10Aspergillus oryzae 316Autism 212Autonomous tractor 106Autoregressive Integrated MovingAverage (ARIMA) 241Artificial Neural Network (ANN) 24