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Performansi Alat Pengering Terowongan Tenaga Surya Tipe Hohenheim untuk Pengeringan Kerupuk Tiram
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of type Hohenheim solar tunnel dryer in drying Oyster kerupuk. This dryer was designed based on solar energy under two systems i.e. by using a solar collector and a greenhouse effect. The dryer has a dimension of 2 m length and 1m width, with about 1.5 m² and 0.5 m² drying and absorber area, respectively. In addition, oyster kerupuk were dried at 3 different depth layers, including at 2, 4, and 6 mm, and the parameters observed comprise solar irradiation, temperature and humidity, moisture and the protein content of oyster kerupuk. The results showed an average solar irradiation of 370-390 W/m², with potential application between 9.00 am-17.00 pm, daily. Moreover, the temperature at the drying chamber was gained within the range 39.7-40.9 °C, while the average ambient temperature was 31.3-3.6 °C. The drying chamber had a relative humidity of 47.8-50.5%, and was reportedly lower than the ambient value. Furthermore, the drying time used at a 2 mm layer depth was 10 h, while 12 hours was required for the 4 and 6 mm. The moisture content of samples at 2, 4, and 6 mm was 6.5%, 10.08 and 9.68%, respectively, while the protein composition was 6.52%, 7.62%, and 8.89%, correspondingly. Hence, the Hohenheim tunnel dryer is estimated to possess adaptive characteristics required for the drying process of oyster kerupuk at the 6 mm depth, although further evaluation is needed to improve its performance.
Strategi Perbaikan Makanan Khas Bogor
Get PDFBogor constitute one of the tourist destination city in Indonesia, meanwhile, one of the attractions of this city is the indigenous food. However, only a few foods are widely known, therefore, it is necessary to identify the types of Bogor indigenous foods and strategies to improve these foods which are very unpopular to avoid extinction. This study aims to identify Bogor indigenous foods, level of popularity as well as improvement strategy. The methods used include survey, experts interview, and questionnaires while data analysis was performed using Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Moreover, the results showed that there were 12 Bogor indigenous foods namely, Soto Mie, Soto Kuning, Laksa, Asinan, Doclang, Cungkring, Es Pala, Lapis Talas, Talas Kukus, Roti Unyil, Makaroni Panggang, and Tauge Goreng while the food with the lowest popularity level (very unpopular) is Cungkring. After analyzing the level of satisfaction and importance with IPA, there are 4 attributes of Cungkring that needs to be improved. Improvement strategies include improving spice color, gravel color, packaging and serving speed
Dampak Penerapan Fasilitasi Sarana Pascapanen terhadap Kualitas Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Indonesia
Get PDFPenelitian yang bertujuan untuk menentukan kualitas jagung pada sentra produksi jagung di Indonesia ini dilaksanakan pada tahun 2017-2019. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei dan sampel dipilih berdasarkan metode stratified random sampling. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa mutu jagung di Indonesia adalah fluktuatif. Kandungan aflatoksin pada sampel 0,05 μg/kg sampai 976,25 μg/kg dan kandungan biji pecah serta rusak 0 sampai 34,4%. Kontaminasi aflatoksin yang berada di atas 150 μg/kg (batas maksimum pada SNI) sebanyak 5% dari total sampel. Pada beberapa provinsi, kandungan aflatoksin, kadar air, biji rusak dan biji pecah tidak masuk dalam persyaratan mutu jagung yang terdapat pada SNI. Peningkatan mutu jagung belum menjadi prioritas bagi petani dan pedagang. Hal ini disebabkan karena belum adanya insentif terhadap proses pascapanen yang menjaga mutu hasil produksi. Fasilitasi sarana yang berupa mesin pascapanen diberikan pemerintah kepada petani bertujuan untuk mengurangi losses. Namun, kualitatif losses belum sesuai dengan target yang diinginkan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh pembuat kebijakan untuk keberhasilan pelaksanaan program di masa yang akan datang.Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas jagung setelah penerapan fasilitasi sarana pascapanen dari pemerintah. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di sentra produksi jagung di Indonesia pada tahun 2017-2019. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei dan sampel dipilih berdasarkan metode stratified random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutu jagung di Indonesia berfluktuatif. Kandungan aflatoksin pada sampel 0,05 μg/kg sampai 976,25 μg/kg dan kandungan biji pecah serta rusak 0 sampai 34,40%. Kontaminasi aflatoksin yang berada di atas 150 μg/kg (batas maksimum pada SNI) sebanyak 5% dari total sampel. Di beberapa provinsi, kandungan aflatoksin, kadar air, biji rusak dan biji pecah tidak masuk dalam persyaratan mutu jagung yang terdapat pada SNI. Peningkatan mutu jagung belum menjadi prioritas bagi petani dan pedagang. Karena belum adanya insentif terhadap proses pascapanen yang menjaga mutu hasil produksi. Fasilitasi sarana yang berupa mesin pascapanen diberikan pemerintah kepada petani masih sebatas untuk mengurangi losses. Namun, kualitatif losses belum sesuai dengan target yang diinginkan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh pembuat kebijakan untuk keberhasilan pelaksanaan program di masa yang akan datang
Fatty Acid Composition of Cocoa Beans from Yogyakarta Special Region for the Establishment of Geographical Origin Discriminations
Get PDFThe composition of fatty acids in cocoa beans, which affect the characteristics of the processed products, is dependent on the geographic location. This research aimed to identify the fatty acid composition of cocoa beans from the Special Region of Yogyakarta (Patuk Gunungkidul and Kalibawang Kulon Progo), used as a geographical origin discrimination parameter. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Partial Least Square – Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The results showed that the composition from Patuk Gunungkidul and Kalibawang Kulon Progo were dominated by stearic (35.23%), oleic (33.12%), and palmitate acids (27%). The developed method combined with PLS-DA was successfully employed the fatty acid composition to discriminate the geographic origin of cocoa beans in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Effect of Antioxidant and Pro-oxidant on the Stability of Microencapsulated Squalene by Spray Drying
Get PDFNatural hydrocarbon compounds are extremely in high demand across various applications. For instance, squalene (SQ) is widely used in cosmetic and food supplement industries, due to beneficial health components. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentials of antioxidant addition on the physical properties, as well as SQ stability in spray-dried powder at various oil droplet diameters (0.3 – 4 µm). Rosemary oil extract served as antioxidant, while iron (II) sulfate accelerated the oxidation. Subsequently, SQ stability was evaluated at four separate temperatures, termed 25, 50, 70, and 105°C, after one month storage. Also, the morphological structures of the samples were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed the oil droplet diameter influenced the physical properties of SQ, as lesser drip sizes were known to enhance material strength. Furthermore, antioxidant inclusion proved to be effective in inhibiting oxidation, particularly in powders with extensive oil droplet diameter. Therefore, high regression coefficients (R2 > 0.97) and reduced chi-square confirmed Weibull model acceptance in predicting the retention of SQ content
Sinbiotik Ekstrak Ubi Ungu dan Probiotik Lokal pada Yogurt: Kesehatan Pencernaan, Hematologi, dan Sistem Imun
Get PDFThe bacteria presence in the gastrointestinal tract is one of the important factors determining the support for body health among others. Therefore, it is essential to maintain a population balance, possibly achieved by consuming local probiotic-based sinbiotic yoghurt. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the effectiveness of purple sweet potato extracts and local probiotics supplemented in yogurt by a healthy profile. Furthermore, the Health parameters evaluated include gastrointestinal (faecal water), hematology (number of erythosit, leukocyte, hemoglobin and hemtocrit) and immune system (antibody titer) in Spraque dawley albino mice. This study was performed using a Completely Randomized Design on 30 rats divided into 6 groups. Therefore, those in group K- were administered distilled water from day 1st -21st, YTP = yogurt without probiotics from day 1st -21st, YDP = probiotic yogurt from day 1st- 21st, YTP+E = yogurt without probiotic from day 1st- 21st, interspersed EPEC on day 8th – 14th, YDP+E = yogurt from day1st- 21st, interspersed EPEC on day 8th-14th, K + = water from day 1st- 21persed EPEC on day 8th – 14th, YDP+E = probiotic yogurt from day1st- 21st, then fed EPEC on day 8th- 14th. The results showed the effectiveness of probiotic yogurt treatment with purple sweet potato extract supplementation in healthy gastrointestinal (faecal water), hematology (number of erythrocyte, leukocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit) and immune system (titre antibodies). This phenomenon results from infection by EPEC (Enteropathogenic Eshericchia coli), which is responsible for diarrhea. Furthermore, the YDP treatment possessed a water content characterized by 48.42% feces, while the number of erythrocytes, leucocytes, haemoglobin and hematocrit were 8,58x106/μl, 14,15 x106/μl, 13.98 g/dL and 47,67 mL%, respectively. Moreover, 6,42 log of antibody titers was also determined
Pengaruh Gelombang Mikro terhadap Kualitas Hasil Minyak Atsiri Jahe (Zingiber officinale) dengan Hidrodistilasi
Get PDFEssential oil commodity is one form of strategic export product that has high economic value, one of which is ginger essential oil. The optimal method of extraction ginger essential oil is still a research topic in an effort to increase its quantity and quality. The purpose of this research is to obtain the optimal heating process parameters with microwave. Ginger essential oil produced by hydro-distillation and microwave pretreatment with 100 and 180 W of maximum output and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min of pretreatment duration. Parameters of essential oil obtained were evaluated, i.e. yield, density, refractive index; total acid number, and zingiberene content. The results indicated that microwave pretreatment with 100 W and 2 min as the best microwave pretreatment combination. The combination produced ginger essential oil with 1.364% of yield, 0.889 g/mL of density, 1.49 of refraction index, 1,5 of total acid number, and 24.7% of zingiberene content. The parameters of the microwave heating process as pretreatment have succeeded in producing ginger essential oil with better quantity and quality
Bio-fertilizer Impact on Production Efficiency and Yield of Corn (Zea mays) Cultivars Under Water Deficiency
Get PDFThe application of bio-fertilizer (Glomus mosseae) and the selection of suitable cultivars are simple solutions to mitigate stress conditions such as water deficiency. This study was conducted in 2016 as a split-plot that was based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The effects of irrigation level, bio-fertilizer application and cultivar type on the reproductive efficiency and yield of corn were compared in the field experiment. Irrigation levels (after 70, 110 and 150 mm of pan evaporation) were placed as the main factor in the main plots. Application and non-application of bio-fertilizer (Glomus mosseae) as well as cultivar type (cultivars, 640 and 704) were placed in the subplots to study the physiological differences, reproductive efficiency, and yield of corn. This study showed that the cultivars performed differently in their response to water deficiency. The highest grain yield for 704 cultivars was obtained when we applied irrigation after 70 mm evaporation from pan. When subjected to the treatment of irrigation after 110 and 150 mm evaporation from pan, lower grain yield per unit area of 19% and 50.6%, respectively was recorded. The 640 cultivars produced less yield under full irrigation than 704 cultivars. Water deficiency had no beneficial effects on grain yield per unit area (P > 0.01). It was also observed that bio-fertilizer treatment increased the corn yield by 25.2 %. Water deficiency, bio-fertilizer and cultivar type affected the grain yield as differences were observed in the main components of kernel row number and 100-kernel weight. Water deficiency had no beneficial effects on ‘chlorophyll a’ content, but decreased the content of chlorophyll b. Water deficiency and bio-fertilizer application caused an increase in the catalase and peroxidase content. The best plant performance was observed in plants grown under complete bio-fertilizer (704 cultivar) and at after 70 mm irrigation level. Bio-fertilizers can be used in order to improve corn production and also as environmentally friendly fertilizers under deficit irrigation regimes