Göteborgs universitets publikationer - e-publicering och e-arkiv
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Why Care? Reframing Practices that Shape Place Futures
No full textThis dissertation explores the people and practices that shape place futures. Many professional fields go into shaping places such as placemaking, place branding, and heritage practices. Each of these spheres brings different knowledges, norms of practice and goals. Civil society actors also shape the future of places through participation in place planning and everyday activities. However, differences in language, priorities and professional expertise create challenges for connected and holistic approaches. A lack of clarity about what place planning activities are and what they should achieve is compounded by the fact that actors may care for a different idea of what their place is or should become. To bridge these differences and pay attention to competing ideas of the place in question, a conceptual reframing is required.
To address this, the thesis employs the concept of care as an analytical framework to study the actors and practices, their motivations and relations, that shape place futures. This framework is applied to two empirical case studies in Sweden and the UK. The different scales of the case studies demonstrate the importance of situating actors within their temporal, spatial and institutional contexts. Through the application of the analytical framework the study demonstrates that the care concept provides two benefits: firstly, it directs our analytical attention in new ways to examine the values and relationships underpinning place planning practices that might otherwise remain implicit. Secondly, the care framework provides an integrative frame to both bridge differences between place planning paradigms and recognise the role of everyday practices in shaping the place. Through an iterative dialogue between theory and practice this research demonstrates that the care concept is a way forward in rethinking approaches to place futures
Exploring the capabilities of LLMs in imputing missing industry-grade accident data for scenario generation
No full textAutonomous driving (AD) and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) require extensive testing to ensure safety and reliability. Industrial-grade, structured accident databases are perfect sources for generating realistic test scenarios. However, these databases often suffer from missing or incomplete values such as GPS coordinates or vehicle speed, which limits their utility in scenario generation. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising solution to this problem due to their ability to process natural language.
This study investigates the capabilities of LLMs to infer missing values within industrial-grade accident databases, with a focus on variables deemed necessary for the reconstruction of the scenario. Specifically, the study addresses three research questions: the usability of accident data for scenario generation, the reliability of accident databases with a focus on key variables, and the inference performance of LLMs on numeric and categorical fields.
Using a Design Science Research methodology with four experimental cycles, the input and output constraints were varied in each in order to explore their impact on the inference quality. The results show that while the database structure does contain the necessary variables for a basic and accurate reconstruction of the accident scenario, a majority of the cases are missing essential variables. LLMs demonstrated a strong potential for imputing such values, particularly when flexibility in the output was introduced (e.g., ranges for numeric data and LLM-knowledge based lists for categorical data). Sanity checks performed confirm that the LLM was not merely guessing the value but rather making informed decisions based on the data provided.
These findings informed the development of a design artefact: a framework for imputing missing values in accident databases. Future work should explore fine-tuning LLMs on domain-specific datasets and combining them with traditional imputation methods to further explore the enhancement of accuracy and generalisability of accident data imputation
Hur styr svenska idrottsföreningar sitt hållbarhetsarbete? En studie om hur styrmedel påverkar hållbarhetsarbetet i svenska idrottsföreningar
No full textEN SKOLA FÖR ALLA I LJUSET AV BARNRÄTTSLIGT PERSPEKTIV En strukturerad forskningsöversikt om skolsystemets negativa konsekvenser med utgångspunkt i FN:s barnkonvention
No full textSyfte: Syftet med denna strukturerade forskningsöversikt är en sammanställning av
kunskapsöversikter om kommunaliseringens effekter på grundskolan i Sverige
och vilka konsekvenser reformen inneburit för barn ur ett barnrättsligt
perspektiv.
Teori:
Metod:
Induktiv, kvalitativ ansats.
Strukturerad forskningsöversikt, PICO-metod, kodning, Tematisk analys.
Resultat: Resultatet av denna studie visar att barns rättigheter inte tas tillvara när
reformer implementeras och marknadisering fortlöper inom
utbildningssystemet där lärare har mer autonomi, men som också fått
försämrade arbetsvillkor vilket skapar instabilitet (Boström, 2022; Nordin,
2014) och sämre förutsättningar för elever (Skolverket 2024:15) i ”En skola
för alla”. Kommunaliseringens och friskolereformens negativa effekter på
grundskolan i Sverige har gett konsekvenser som inneburit för barn att få
sämre resultat eller att inte slutföra sin utbildning (SOU 2013:56).
Likvärdigheten är olika från område till område och förutsättningarna därmed
också olika vilket gör att fler och fler elever eller vårdnadshavare söker sig
bort från särskilda områden och detta skapar boendesegregation (Skolverket
2018). Friskolor och kommunala skolor har heller inte samma förutsättningar
eller likvärdig utbildning (SOU 2013:56) vilket resulterar i ojämlik skola
(Ringarp 2014). Marknadsprinciperna har skapat skolkonkurrens (Börjesson
2016) vilket endast främjar skolans kostnadskontroll och effektivitet (Berhanu,
2010). Ur ett barnrättsligt perspektiv med utgångspunkt i artikel 2, 28 och 29,
ska barn skyddas mot diskriminering och ha lika rätt oavsett social härkomst,
rätten till utbildning och tillgänglighet där syftet är att förbereda barnet för ett
ansvarsfullt liv i ett fritt samhälle (UNICEF Sverige, 2018)
Health, well-being, and outcomes after aortic valve replacement
No full textBackground: Aortic stenosis is the most common heart valve disease requiring intervention. Without aortic valve replacement, the mortality is approximately 50% within 2 years after onset of severe symptoms.
Aim: To explore factors influencing patients’ motivation to undergo aortic valve replacement, and to study associations between social factors and mortality risk, and associations between preoperative frailty and health-related quality of life, before and after aortic valve replacement.
Methods: This thesis comprises one qualitative study, three registry-based observational studies and one questionnaire-based study on patient reported outcome measures. Paper I explored 18 patients’ motivation to undergo transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Paper II explored associations between income, education, marital status, and long-term mortality risk in 14,537 patients who had undergone surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Paper III explored the association between marital status, educational level, and mortality risk in 5,924 TAVI patients. Paper IV assessed the risk of all-cause mortality in 5,924 TAVI patients compared to 10,928 age- and sex-matched controls who had not undergone TAVI. Paper V compared changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in relation to preoperative frailty level in 209 TAVI patients.
Results: Patients’ motivations to undergo TAVI were driven by a longing to have a few more good years and to be independent of others. Survival after SAVR was three years shorter in patients with the lowest socioeconomic status compared to those with the highest. Never having been married and low education were associated with an increased mortality risk after both SAVR and TAVI. Low income was associated with an increased mortality risk after SAVR. Patients who underwent TAVI had a lower adjusted risk of mid-term mortality compared to age- and sex-matched individuals from the general population. TAVI patients’ HRQoL improved one year after TAVI independently of the preoperative frailty level.
Conclusions: Patients’ motivation to undergo TAVI was strongly linked to their hopes of restoring well-being. Social factors are associated with increased morbidity and mortality after aortic valve replacement. TAVI is associated with longer adjusted survival. Improvements in HRQoL after TAVI is independent of preoperative frailty level
“How did we live without it before?” A case study on student usage of generative artificial intelligence to support group work activities in higher education
No full textPurpose:
This study was aimed to better understand how higher education students use generative artificial
intelligence in group work activities and what role it can have in those activities.
Theory:
Engeström’s second generation Activity theory was used as the theoretical framework to interpret and
analyse the findings.
Method:
This study followed a master programme’s course over time with a case study approach. The data was
collected through self-administered reflective group discussion at three different occasions during the
course.
Results:
The findings showcased high levels of generative artificial intelligence tool usage in group activities
by the students. Furthermore, their activities had started to transform together with their use of these
tools. The students utilized them for task delegation within the group, and these tools also allowed the
student groups to shift their attention and time to activities deemed more important or interesting. The
findings also indicate that generative artificial intelligence tools could potentially take the role as an
additional group member or as a guide, supporting the group work in diverse ways. Another insight of
the results was that the students deemed the custom-trained CourseGuru highly effective since it could
provide better support than general chatbots. Overall, the students viewed generative artificial
intelligence tools as essential to their studies and expected these tools to play a central role in the
future of higher education
SJUKSKÖTERSKANS HINDER OCH MÖJLIGHET FÖR ATT IDENTIFIERA D-VITAMINBRIST. En litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: D-vitamin är ett fettlösligt vitamin som spelar en avgörande roll för kroppens
kalcium- och fosfatbalans, vilket är viktigt för skelettets hälsa, muskelfunktion och
immunförsvar. Det finns i två former: D2, som kommer från växter, och D3, som finns i
animaliska livsmedel samt kan bildas i huden vid solexponering. D-vitamin påverkar även
andra funktioner i kroppen, inklusive celldelning, immunreglering och förebyggande av vissa
sjukdomar, såsom osteomalaci, diabetes, autoimmuna sjukdomar och vissa cancerformer.
Trots dess viktiga funktioner är D-vitaminbrist ett globalt folkhälsoproblem, särskilt i
regioner med begränsad solexponering som Norden. Riskgrupper inkluderar bland annat
äldre, personer med mörk hud, de som täcker huden av kulturella eller medicinska skäl, samt
personer med nedsatt näringsupptag eller låg D-vitaminhalt i kosten. I Sverige får många inte
i sig tillräckligt med D-vitamin via kost eller solexponering, vilket kan leda till bristsymtom
såsom muskelsvaghet, trötthet och depression. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i det
hälsofrämjande arbetet genom att identifiera riskgrupper, ge individanpassad rådgivning och
verka för att förebygga brist men trots detta så visar forskning att kunskap om D-vitamin ofta
är bristfällig hos vårdpersonal. Syfte: Syftet är att kartlägga sjuksköterskors hinder och
möjligheter att identifiera D-vitaminbrist hos patienter inom olika vårdkontexter. Metod:
Litteraturöversikt gjord på elva studier varav tre har en kvalitativ ansats och åtta har en
kvantitativ ansats. Dessa analyserades genom Fribergs modell för litteraturöversikter.
Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i huvudteman i resultatet: Svårigheter att identifiera Dvitaminbrist
och riskgrupper, Sjuksköterskans roll för att identifiera D-vitaminbrist,
Samverkan och implementering av D-vitamintillskott och Utmaningar med att identifiera Dvitaminbrist.
Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor har bristande kunskap om D-vitamin, vilket försvårar
identifiering och åtgärder. Samverkan med läkare och implementering av D-vitamintillskott
hindras av otydliga riktlinjer, ansvarsfördelning och resurser. Utbildning och tydliga rutiner
gällande D-vitamin krävs för effektiv hantering i vården
The Elusive Nature of Emerging Technologies
No full textEmerging technologies fundamentally transform society, with this process gaining ever more momentum as the digital era unfolds; however, the early innovation processes interwoven with them remain poorly understood. The dissertation clarifies these processes considerably by examining the nature of emerging technologies and how the latter influence the early stages of innovation in organizations. The research behind it addressed two questions: How can emerging technologies be conceptualized, and, given this conceptualization, how do emerging technologies shape the conditions for early digital-innovation processes? The work drew from an interpretative, qualitatively oriented case study of public-sector organizations engaged in early innovation processes involving blockchain technology. A study at a government agency served as an especially rich data source, informing two-phase analysis wherein separate analyses were conducted and presented in four research articles, then more general case analysis addressed the overarching research questions.
Two central contributions to current theory emerged. Detailing the elusive nature of emerging technologies draws attention to vital facets of their ambiguity; they lack clarity both in their material structure (how they are technically constituted) and in the purposes articulated for them (what problems can be solved). Secondly, the dissertation presents elaboration on the framing paradox of emerging technologies, which is an outgrowth of their elusive nature. This explicates how grappling with the ambiguities requires a strategy to reduce the complexity bundled with the dual ambiguity. It also highlights key tensions: legitimacy-linked ones and tensions between innovation ambitions and responsibilities for existing structures.
The research’s findings hold significant practical utility. An organization that acknowledges the “dual ambiguity” and the framing paradox is better equipped to guide its planning and execution of digital innovation processes. For government, one implication of understanding the ambiguity-rife nature of emerging technologies is development of more precise targeting of innovation funding. Also, in society at large, the power game of new technology development requires a corresponding focus on the labeling processes brought into play
TALA MED – INTE OM – UNGA: En strukturerad forskningsöversikt över ungas perspektiv på politiskt deltagande och engagemang
No full textDenna strukturerade forskningsöversikt syftar till att undersöka hur barn och ungdomar (12–18
år) med strukturellt missgynnade bakgrunder talar om politiskt deltagande och engagemang.
Analysen inkluderar även deras uppfattning om möjligheter till politiskt inflytande. Underlaget
bygger på en induktiv tematisk analys av elva kvalitativa artiklar publicerade mellan 2011 och
2025.
Resultaten visar att politiskt deltagande, engagemang och inflytande präglas av dubbelhet.
Disempowerment framträder i form av territoriell stigmatisering, strukturell diskriminering,
klass, juridiska begränsningar, känslor av maktlöshet och misstro mot politik och institutioner.
Samtidigt främjas empowerment genom känsla av tillhörighet, meningsskapande samt via
informella mötesplatser och stöd från vuxna förebilder. Respondenterna uttrycker både vilja
och kunskap att påverka – men intersektionella hinder bidrar till systematisk exkludering.
Insatser bör riktas mot att motverka strukturella hinder och skapa arenor som stärker ungas
agens, delaktighet och politiska inflytande
Buy Now, Burden Later - A Qualitative Study on How BNPL Regret Turns into Blame and How the Blame Influences Consumer-brand Relationships
No full textMSc in Marketing and ConsumptionBuy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services have transformed consumer behaviour through delayed payment options. However, while existing research has examined financial and behavioral consequences, less is known about how consumers experience regret following BNPL usage and how these emotions influence brand relationships. Therefore, we aim to deepen the understanding of regret as an emotional outcome of BNPL usage and investigate how it influences consumer-brand relationships through blame attribution processes. This qualitative study employs semi-structured proxy interviews with 15 frequent BNPL users in Sweden. We identified three distinct forms of regret: financial regret from accumulated debt, timing regret from poor purchase decisions, and post-purchase regret where payment obligations diminish ownership satisfaction. We reveal how the frictionless design of BNPL creates a psychological disconnect, leading to impulsive purchasing and subsequent regret. When experiencing regret, consumers engage in blame attribution processes. Blame could be attributed internally toward themselves, or externally toward BNPL providers and brands influencing consumer-brand relationships through decreased purchase intentions, reduced loyalty, and negative word-of-mouth. This study can be positioned in the field of consumer behavior literature by providing a theoretical integration of previously disconnected literature on pain of payment, cognitive dissonance, regret, and consumer-brand relationships. Additionally, the study suggested practical implications for marketers, brands, educators, and policymakers. It encourages all stakeholders to prioritize consumer financial well-being, underscoring a shared responsibility in shaping ethical financial ecosystems