Göteborgs universitets publikationer - e-publicering och e-arkiv
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Samhörighet i gränsbygd. Föreställda gemenskaper bland Ölands allmoge under 1600-talet.
Get PDFForskningsuppgiften har varit att undersöka föreställda gemenskaper på gräsrotsnivå under första halvan av 1600-talet. Syftet med undersökningen har varit att få mer kunskap om hur nationella, regionala och lokala identiteter framträder i det svenska riket. Det teoretiska ramverket har utgått från Benedict Andersons begrepp föreställda gemenskaper. Konstruktionen av dessa föreställda gemenskaper har beskrivits utifrån två vanligt förekommande tolkningar, den etniska och den regnala. Andra teoretiska utgångspunkter som har varit av relevans för undersökningen är Peter Sahlins tankar om framväxten av nationella identiteter i grändsbygd samt Hylland Eriksens teori om stereotypisering.
Undersökningsområdet har varit Öland och har huvudsakligen utgått från domboksmaterial från perioden 1613-1649 men också rättegångshandlingar från 1611 som berör efterspelet av Kalmarkriget. Då Öland vid tiden var en gränsbygd visade området sig lämpligt att jämföra med Jens Lerboms forskning i de småländska gränsbygderna. Gränser, gränsbygd, möten mellan människor och konstruktionen av “vi” och “dem” är också något som utgör en kärna i uppsat sen.
Undersökningsdelen berör ölänningarnas syn på såväl det egna territoriet som områden utanför Öland. Härkomstbeteckningar är något som genomsyrar domböckerna och visar på ett rörligt samhälle där människor flyttar in till ön från fastlandet men också till och från andra länder. Identitet och konflikter undersöks, bland annat hur de olika fejderna med Danmark skapar en gemensam berättelse. Centralt i undersökningen är händelserna under Kalmarkriget och hur ölänningarna agerade i samband med detta, dels som en samlad politisk gemenskap, men också på individnivå. Vidare beskrivs den mångfacetterade relationen till danskarna där det finns tyd-
liga antidanska strömningar efter kriget, samtidigt som det lever och verkar danskar på ön. Språket som identitetsmarkör undersöks liksom skillnaderna mellan överhetens och allmogens föreställningar om detta. Vidare undersöks de regionala och lokala gemenskaperna som framkommer i domböckerna.
Undersökningen visar att det är framförallt “den andre” som beskrivs utifrån nationell härkomst. Det förekommer ytterst sällan att någon ölänning benämner sig som svensk. Härkomstbeteckningarna används i huvudsak instrumentellt, det finns ingen emotionell laddning. Undantaget till detta är när danskar kallas för jutar, då är det i regel med nedvärderande anspelningar. Här finns också tendenser till att se danskarna som en grupp, en kulturell gemenskap vilket skulle kunna skapa en grogrund för en mer etnisk kulturell svenskhet bland ölänningarna.
I undersökningen framkommer en i huvudsak regnal politisk-rättslig gemenskap och det visar sig att denna gemenskap ses som utbytbar i början av undersökningsperioden. Det uttrycks inte någon riktigt tydlig kulturell etnisk svenskhet bland ölänningarna och detta jämförs med Jens
Lerboms motsatta resultat i Småland. Däremot framkommer en tydlig öländsk politisk gemen skap som agerar mot överheten i olika sammanhang, en föreställd gemenskap mellan nord och syd samt lokala bygemenskaper. Ytterligare ett resultat som rör sig inom ett omdebatterat forskningsfält är språkets betydelse för identiteten. Mina resultat pekar på att språket var en faktor som inte bara “främlingen” kunde kategoriseras ifrån utan också en person tillhörande den egna
gruppen. Människor gjorde skillnad på språken, svenska, norska och danska var inte så lika att de inte spelade någon roll.
Vidare diskuteras att det under undersökningsperioden skapas förutsättningar för att det ska kunna växa fram en mer föreställd etnisk-kulturell svenskhet på Öland och förslag på hur detta skulle kunna undersökas
Decoding Reed-Solomon codes
Get PDFReed-Solomon koder, som är en sorts felkorrigerande kod, har många tillämpningar. Exempelvis
används Reed-Solomon koder vid kommunikation eller när information sparas på en
hårddisk. Koderna ser till att informationen kan återfås även om det skulle uppstå fel, vilket
görs genom att lägga till redundans till informationen som ska överföras eller sparas. För att
återfå den ursprungliga informationen på ett effektivt sätt krävs bra algoritmer för avkodning.
I rapporten presenteras först bakgrundsteorin som behövs för att förstå Reed-Solomon koder.
Två algoritmer, Euklides-Sugiyama och avkodning med felkorrigerande par, presenteras sedan.
Algoritmerna implementeras även i programmeringspråket SageMath för att se hur dessa
fungerar i praktiken
Maternal Dietary Intake and Associated Pregnancy Outcomes in the United Arab Emirates - The Dietary Subcohort of the Mutaba’ah Study
Get PDFThis thesis aimed to assess dietary intake and its associations with pregnancy outcomes in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Within the Mutaba’ah Study, 1556 pregnant women were recruited into a dietary subcohort. Data collection using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was performed during antenatal care visits throughout the pregnancy. The relative validity of the FFQ was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall as a reference method. Adherence to dietary patterns (Alternate Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy [AHEI-P], Alternate Mediterranean Diet [aMED], Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH]) were identified, and ultra-processed food (UPF) intake was assessed. Gestational weight gain (GWG) was calculated as the difference in weight between the first and the last recorded weight, and excessive GWG (EGWG) was defined according to the Institute of Medicine guidelines, based on the first trimester body mass index. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis was based on the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence criteria.
Paper Ⅰ showed that the FFQ overestimated intake of most nutrients and food groups but could be used to rank the pregnant women based on some aspects of their dietary intake. Paper Ⅱ showed that the three dietary indices (AHEI-P, aMED, DASH) were moderately correlated. Some differences were observed in what distinct aspects of dietary intakes they captured. In paper Ⅲ, the prevalence of EGWG was 29%. No associations were found between aMED and GWG or EGWG. However, intake of some aMED components (fruit, vegetables, ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids) showed associations with GWG and/or EGWG. In paper Ⅳ, UPF intake was associated with lower diet quality but not with GDM. Further, no association was found between aMED and GDM. These findings show that the FFQ estimates intakes of nutrients and food groups with poor to acceptable validity. Adherence to healthy dietary patterns was associated with a favorable intake of nutrients and food groups, while high UPF intake was associated with poorer intake. Further research is needed to clarify the role of dietary intake in pregnancy outcomes
The hypergeometric differential equation and its solutions in the complex plane
Get PDFI detta kandidaterbete studeras Gauss hypergeometriska differentialekvation, samt hur den
hypergeometriska funktionen kan användas för att lösa kopplingsproblemet (jfr. eng. connection
problem). Den hypergeometriska funktionen ger uttryck för de lokala lösningarna kring
differentialekvationens tre singulariteter. Detta möjliggör lösning av kopplingsproblemet, vilket
innebär att finna linjära förhållanden mellan de lokala lösningarna. Efter en presentation
av Riemannekvationer och den hypergeometriska funktionen redogörs det för Kummers 24 lösningar
och Gauss-Kummers identitet. Dessa utnyttjas sedan för att lösa kopplingsproblemet.
Slutligen diskuteras innebörden av kopplingsproblemet och hur det ger en global förståelse av
lösningarna.
Kopplingsprobelemt för Gauss hypergeometriska differentialekvation har lösts tidigare och
kan exempelvis studeras i boken From Gauss to Painlevé [5]. Dock är litteraturen ofta på
en högre nivå och svår att förstå för studenter på kandidatnivå. Arbetet sammanställer de
nödvändiga förkunskaperna och presenterar kopplingsproblemet på en enklare nivå
Inflammation-related protein biomarkers in ischemic stroke
Get PDFIschemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Inflammation plays a role in both ischemic stroke pathophysiology and response to cerebral injury. However, the mechanisms remain inadequately understood and few inflammation-related proteins have been analyzed in clinical cohorts. This thesis aims to investigate a broad range of inflammation-related proteins in ischemic stroke and its subtypes, their associations with functional outcome and vascular recurrence, and their potential causal relationships with functional outcome. The studies rely on two hospital-based cohorts: the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke (SAHLSIS) and its continuation (SAHLSIS2). Plasma levels of inflammation-related proteins were measured by a proximity extension assay.
Paper I studied 65 plasma proteins in ischemic stroke patients compared to controls in a longitudinal study. It identified over 30 proteins that were elevated in cases across all timepoints, even in the long-term, which could reflect underlying pathophysiological processes. Subtype-specific patterns were also observed for some proteins. Paper II investigated the relationships between acute-phase levels of the 65 proteins and functional outcome 3 months post-stroke. It revealed 20 proteins that were associated with outcome, several with experimental evidence indicating a role in injury or recovery after stroke. Paper III identified S100A12 as a novel biomarker for vascular recurrence, showing that elevated levels increased the risk. Paper IV employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization design to investigate potential causal relationships between the 20 proteins identified in Paper II and functional outcome. This study provided evidence for causal associations between genetically determined levels of four proteins, including S100A12, and functional outcome.
In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that inflammation-related plasma proteins have diverse patterns after ischemic stroke and identifies several potential biomarkers for prediction of functional outcome and vascular recurrence. These results advance our understanding of the role of inflammation in ischemic stroke and may guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies for improved stroke care
JU TIDIGARE DESTO BÄTTRE? En kvantitativ studie om tidigt och sent kvartalsrapporterande företag på Stockholmsbörsen
Get PDFSyftet med denna uppsats är att bidra med empirisk kunskap kring det potentiella sambandet mellan rapporteringstidpunkt och aktiekursutveckling för bolag på den svenska marknaden samt vilka faktorer som ligger bakom rapporteringstidpunkten. Genom ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt har 260 bolag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen studerats. Sekundärdatan har samlats in via verktygen Börsdata och Microsoft Excel, som sedan har testats med fyra stycken regressionsmodeller. Resultatet pekar på att bolag som offentliggör sina kvartalsrapporter i ett tidigt skede tenderar att visa på högre aktiekurs sju dagar efter offentliggörandet av rapport. De bolag med högre lönsamhet och storlek tenderar att publicera kvartalsrapporter tidigare. Studien har bidragit till forskningsområdet på den svenska marknaden genom att belysa sambandet mellan tidigt rapporterande bolag och bättre prestation på börsen samt anledningen till att bolag publicerar kvartalsrapporter vid en viss tidpunkt. Studien har även belyst den svenska aktiemarknadens till synes svaga effektivitet. Det finns utrymme för framtida forskning att göra modellerna mer robusta, genom att föra in fler variabler samt studera marknadens förväntningar
Birth weight and childhood overweight - exploring parental influences and future risk of coronary heart disease
Get PDFOverweight and obesity now affect individuals of all ages in all parts of the world. Obesity leads to individual suffering as well as increased risk of future disease and premature death from several causes, among which coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common. The disease pathway to increased risk of CHD likely begins already before conception and may be further influenced by later weight development during childhood and adolescence. There is a need for increased understanding of how parental factors such as smoking and maternal weight status, and family socioeconomic position influence developmental weight, as well as how weight development from birth up to young adult age influence the risk of CHD. This thesis applies a life course perspective on these associations through four cohort studies.
Low family socioeconomic position is a well-established risk factor for childhood obesity. However, the separate influences of parental education and family income are not known. Using a cohort of 3,030 children born 1998-2002, we found that low parental education was a risk factor for developing obesity at eight years of age, independent of family income and maternal body mass index (BMI). (Paper I)
Smoking and obesity at the start of pregnancy are associated with birth weight and future adverse metabolic risk profile of the child. However, their role in late adolescence, several years before start of pregnancy, for later pregnancy outcomes, have not yet been explored. In a cohort of 1,256 mother-and-child-pairs, we found that smoking and BMI at 19 years of age were not associated with the birth weight of the first child. (Paper II)
Low birth weight is a well-studied risk factor for adult CHD, but studies are scarce regarding how this risk is affected by BMI development during childhood and adolescence. Using a cohort of 35,659 men born 1945-1961, we found that a birth weight below 3.6 kg was associated with increased risk of CHD and this risk was further augmented for men who had overweight in young adult age. (Paper III)
Childhood overweight and obesity have been linked to increased risk of adult CHD. We studied a cohort of 103,232 men and women born 1945-1968 and found that this risk was normalized for children who had remission of overweight before young adult age. (Paper IV)
The findings in this thesis identify several modifiable risk factors important for future risk of CHD. The results clearly highlight the importance of prevention, early identification, and treatment of childhood overweight and obesity
Politik, etik, protest: Yttrandefrihet & palestiniers mänskliga rättigheter på svenska lärosäten
Get PDFFor more than a year and a half, students and faculty at universities across the world have been protesting academic complicity and non-innocence in the Israeli state’s treatment and mass killing of palestinians. According to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression, these events are part of a global crisis of freedom of expression. The following case study examines how freedom of expression and its limitations have been perceived and implemented at Swedish universities during the initial year of protests. It asks how the universities’ official stance on Israel and their related administrative measures affect protesters and freedom of expression in the Swedish academic setting. Through interviews with students and members of university administrations, and supplementary material such as news reports and self-publications, the question of freedom of expression at academic institutions is interpreted in relation to our public ethos, the ethics of care, and privileged irresponsibility. The study finds that the boundaries of permissible expressions were shaped in large part by conflicting views on how responsibility should be assigned in the organisational structure, and the significance of moral insight for personal and institutional accountability. These findings underscore the tension between freedom of expression, political engagement, and the university's role as both an autonomous institution and a state-regulated entity, while highlighting that what is framed as necessary impartiality by the leaderships of Swedish universities, is in practice institutional silencing of Palestinian advocacy
Våldet vuxenvärlden inte når - En studie om socialsekreterares syn på och arbete med våld i ungas parrelationer
Get PDFThis study examines how social workers in child and youth units within Social Services perceive and experience working with violence in young people's intimate relationships. The study aims to highlight whether there is a need for a domestic violence team within the child and youth units. Violence in young people’s close relationships is a growing societal issue, with limited establishment within the research field. While research on the frequency of such violence has increased, studies focusing on tailored support measures have lagged behind. To address our objective, we used a qualitative research method, collecting empirical data through semi-structured interviews. A total of six social workers participated in the study, and the interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis. The findings were further interpreted through the lenses of the theories of street-level bureaucrats, intersectionality, and empowerment. The results show that violence in young people’s relationships has a low incidence rate within Social Services and is perceived as a difficult phenomenon to detect. Despite limited knowledge of the issue, social workers generally hold a positive view of their scope for action. However, they identify limitations in the availability of specific interventions, often referring young people to other actors or offering more general measures instead
Unconventional Protein Functions through Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Stress Responses and Aging
Get PDFJust as human society relies on individuals specializing in distinct roles to ensure its proper functioning, a cell depends on organelles to coordinate essential biological processes. Traditionally, organelles have been defined as membrane-bound structures that establish distinct biochemical microenvironments through physical compartmentalization. However, in recent decades, the discovery and growing recognition of membraneless organelles, such as stress granules (SGs) and the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS), have reshaped our understanding of intracellular organization and biological processes. These dynamic, non-membranous biomolecular condensates maintain their functional integrity through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a specialized phase transition in which a homogeneous solution spontaneously demixes into two immiscible liquid phases: a dense phase and a dilute phase. This biophysical process is driven by weak, multivalent interactions among macromolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. LLPS enables the reversible formation of spatially and functionally distinct compartments, allowing cells to dynamically regulate essential processes such as stress responses and aging, all without the need for lipid membranes. LLPS has thus opened a new dimension for scientific inquiry, enabling researchers to both observe and influence life’s fundamental processes.
This thesis provides new perspectives on traditionally well-studied proteins through the lens of LLPS, focusing on stress responses and aging. Specifically, it uncovers new roles for Lsm7 and thioredoxin reductase 1 (Trr1) in stress responses and aging, respectively, mediated through LLPS. For Lsm7, the mechanism of SG initiation via its phase separation, coupled with a conserved signaling pathway identified in this study, provides new insights into SG formation and their involvement in SG-associated human diseases. For Trr1, our findings reveal an unexpected connection between the autophagy process and the antioxidant system, with Trr1’s phase separation playing a key role in initiating ER-phagy during aging. These discoveries offer fresh perspectives on aging, age-related diseases, and the regulation of autophagy. Altogether, these findings offer new insights into fundamental biological processes and lay the groundwork for future research aimed at leveraging LLPS to better understand and potentially manipulate life itself