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The Effect of Mixing Diesel Fuel with Cottonseed Oil and Coconut Oil on The Performance of 4-Stroke Diesel Engine
Get PDFresearch on biodiesel as an alternative fuel has been widely carried out. Such as mixing one type of oil mixed with diesel fuel with a certain composition. In this research, biodiesel was made by mixing two types of oil and then mixed with diesel fuel with a composition of 30:80, where 30% for mixed oil that is cottonseed oil and coconut oil, then 80% for diesel fuel. And then in this research, the composition between cottonseed oil and coconut oil must be found, so that it will get the best composition between cottonseed oil and coconut oil. For comparison in performance between mixed biodiesel with 4 cSt and 6 cSt, and in the mixing process, using mathematical calculation methods, then the mixing results must meet SNI standards (Standard Nasional Indonesia / Indonesian National Standards). In this research, 4-stroke diesel engines with one cylinder were used. From the experiments and data analysis, biodiesel with 6 cSt more powerful, torsion and BMEP better than mixed biodiesel 4 cSt
Effect of Biodiesel B30 on Deposit Forming and Wear Metal of Diesel Engine Components
No full textAlternative fuels for diesel engines have attracted the world's attention as an impact of the world energy crisis. For this reason, alternative fuel is needed to reduce the need for fossil fuels. Biodiesel fuel with the raw material of palm oil is the once alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. This is because Indonesia is the largest producer of crude palm oil (CPO) in the world. But, the use of vegetable oil biodiesel can affect losses to engine lifetime. It can increasing metal wear rates in diesel engines. The experiment carried out by running diesel engines for 200 hours with Engine Manufacturer’s Association (EMA) standard. B30 palm oil biodiesel affected the wear metal contact in diesel engines. Aluminum content in used lubricating oil fueled by B30 palm oil biodiesel is 19.8% greater, iron content 0.75% greater, and chromium content greater than metal content in used lubricating oil fueled by diesel fuel. In addition, the use of B30 palm oil biodiesel causes a larger piston ring gap and worse condition on journal bearing. But, deposit forming in the diesel engine components fueled by B30 palm oil biodiesel is 4.27% lower than diesel fuel. It can be concluded that the use of B30 palm oil biodiesel causes greater metal wear than the use of diesel fuel
Analysis of Port-Based Discharge Water Treatment of Ships, Case Study: Terminal Petikemas Surabaya
No full textFor 90% of world trade is carried by shipping industry. In Indonesia, highly concentrated goods movement are reported in Java and Sumatera which leads Tanjung Perak, Surabaya to become second largest ship terminal after Tanjung Priok, Jakarta. As the loading and unloading process is on call, any kinds of wastewater are continuously being discharged (sludge, oily sludge, blackwater and greywater). All wastewater if continuously discharged without any proper treatment is harmful to both human and aquatic environment. Especially in Indonesia and northern part of Java island where marine tourism is growing but in the other hand, also the home of largest ports. The purpose of this research is to design a fixed, compact discharge water treatment plant in one pilot international terminal, Terminal Petikemas Surabaya. The capacity of each discharge water receiver and treatment is determined according to ship’s arrival data. Based on the data analysis, the capacity of sludge receiver is 25 m3/day, oily bilge receiver for 200 m3/day, blackwater for 10 m3/day and greywater for 20 m3/day. Hereinafter, through the literature review of various kinds of wastewater treatment, a fixed and compact port-based discharge water treatment plant is designed by combining Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) for greywater, centrifugation for sludge, combination of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis for oily bilge and Source Separation Sanitation (SSS) for blackwater where each effluent of the treatment can be used for one another. Furtheremore, an initial cost of the designed port-based discharge water treatment plant is conducted, resulting in total of IDR 22,487,086,876. The payback period (PBP) of the plant is 4 years
The Suitability Evaluation of Procurement Information Systems to the Needs of Users and Management Using Human, Organization, Technology-Fit (HOT-Fit) Framework
Get PDFManagement Information System (MIS) in government institutions was a crucial thing in supporting good services to the community. The established MIS often provided less optimum benefits since the MIS development did not go through a good planning and was not supported by a clear IT Masterplan so that an evaluation of the MIS implementation is needed, especially from 3 (three) main aspects, including aspects of Human, Organization and Technology. The procurement unit of Malang City has a MIS for procurement submission called siBaja which has been established since 2016. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of siBaja to the needs of users and management using Human, Organization, Technology-Fit (HOT-Fit) framework with some modifications.To obtain the data, a survey method was used by distributing questionnaires to the application users.The data analysis model used was SEM-PLS by using SmartPLS 3.0 software. This study found that the implementation of siBaja was not fully fit for the relationship between Human-Technology that was indicated by the absence of a significant effect between US variable and SQ variable with a significance value of 0.899 at α = 0.05 and was not fully fit for the relationship between Organization-Technology factor which was characterized by the absence of a significant effect between SC variable and IQ variable with a significance value of 0.221 at α = 0.05
The Effect of Using Various Magnetic Materials on Diesel Engines using Biodiesel Fuel
Get PDFOne of method to improve engine performance and reduce fuel consumption is to use exposure to magnetic fields in the fuel lines. Several studies have proven that magnetic field exposure can improve diesel engine performance. This research aims to test the performance of a diesel engine using fuels that are given a magnetic field from 3 types of permanent magnets, namely magnets made from Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB), Aluminum Nickel Cobalt (AlNiCo), and Ferrite (Fe). Performance tests on the Yanmar TF85MH diesel engine include power and torque. The fuel used in this research is Biodiesel B20. The results showed that neodymium magnets (NdFeB) are the best magnets of the 3 types of magnets tested with an average increase in power of 2.30%, an average increase in torque of 2.35%
Adsorpsi Pb2+ menggunakan Sodalit dari Kaolin Bangka Belitung
Get PDFSodalit merupakan salah satu jenis zeolit yang secara umum memiliki komposisi Na8[Al6Si6O24](X)2, dimana X adalah anion monovalent. Sintesis sodalit dari kaolin Bangka Belitung telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan komposisi rasio molar x Na2O : 2 SiO2 : Al2O3 : 128 H2O, dimana x merupakan variasi alkalinitas dengan rasio sebesar 10, 20, 30, dan 40. Produk sodalit dihasilkan pada variasi alkalinitas 10 (S-10), 20 (S-20), dan 30 (S-30) lalu diuji aktivitas adsorpsinya terhadap Pb2+. Berdasarkan hasil uji aktivitas adsorpsi untuk ion Pb2+ diketahui bahwa sampel dengan ukuran partikel yang paling kecil memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi paling tinggi (S-10). Jumlah Pb2+ yang teradsorp untuk sample S-10, S-20, dan S-30 berturut turut sebesar 651,10; 517,30; dan 527,30 mg/g
The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on HDPE/HA Composite as Candidate Material Dental Implant
Get PDFHydroxyapatite (HA) Ca10.P O4/6.OH/2 is the main component of calcium phosphate-based bone, which is most widely used in biomaterial applications because it has non-toxic and biocompatible properties. But if used alone, HA does not have excellent mechanical strength and is not resistant to pressure. High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is a high density of synthetic polymers, and hydroxyapatite (HA) is a vital bone component. Composites of them will make synthetic bones, with HDPE as matrix and HA as fillers. HDPE/HA composites with a composition variation of 0%, 5%, 10% HA were compacted and heated at 180°C for 90 minutes, and then irradiated at a dose of 60 kGy. The effect of adding HA composition and gamma irradiation was observed by hardness testing and characterized using XRD and FTIR. The results showed that the addition of HA increased the hardness of HDPE. From the XRD and FTIR analysis, there was no change in the composite phase after irradiation