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Determination of Building Assets and Equipment Requirements Based on Sustainable Warehouse Cencepts for PT Kansai Prakarsa Coatings
Get PDFWarehouses play a crucial role in supporting the performance of companies in the logistics sector. PT Kansai Prakarsa Coatings (KPC) is a subsidiary of Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., a company in the paint industry sector. The distribution office and warehouse of the Bandung branch of PT Kansai Prakarsa Coatings (KPC) are located at Amir Machmud Street, Number 361, Cigugur Tengah Village, Cimahi Tengah, District, Cimahi City. The total area of the warehouse building is 408 m², with a total capacity of 80 tons. Several key issues have been identified, including poor ventilation and lighting in the closed warehouse, non-compliant loading conditions that do not meet applicable standards, and cases of overloading despite potential development. Since paint is a flammable product, it is necessary to have safe storage facilities. Additionally, paint has a strong odor and contains chemicals, making it essential to store it in a room with good ventilation and air circulation. Based on these main issues, it is important to conduct research to determine the need for building assets and warehouse equipment for PT Kansai Prakarsa Coatings, following the principles of a sustainable warehouse. The ; study is guided by SNI 7331:2007 and incorporates the concept of a sustainable warehouse. Descriptive methods with both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in this study. Data collection techniques included interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the total additional area required for the warehouse building is 372 m². This calculation is based on the estimated load of products stored both inside and outside the warehouse. Regarding warehouse equipment, based on the concept of a sustainable warehouse, PT Kansai's warehouse needs to procure ventilation systems, occupational health and safety equipment, lighting systems, as well as shelving and material handling equipment
Modeling Reinforced Concrete Column with GRFP Transverse Reinforcement
Get PDFThe utilization of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) in reinforced concrete structures is gaining attention due to its high strength and low corrosion. The application of GRFP rebar as longitudinal and tranverse reinforced columns has been studied through experimental testing. However it is important to understand the deformation responses and to predict the behavior of concrete columns with GRFP Rebar. This objective requires suitable and effective tools. This study presents Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Column reinforced with GRFP Rebar using 3DNLFEA. The result showed that The analysis result exhibited that the prediction of model behavior corresponds well with the experimental results
Blue Economy: Framework for Integrating Economic Growth with Marine Ecosystem
Get PDFThe Blue Economy is an economic framework that integrates economic growth with marine ecosystem sustainability, acknowledging the oceans as vital to global development. The concept gained prominence at the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in 2012, emphasizing the need for a sustainable ocean-based economy that balances economic opportunities with environmental conservation and social equity. It encompasses a wide range of sectors, including fisheries, aquaculture, maritime transport, marine biotechnology, renewable energy, and coastal tourism, all of which play a crucial role in global trade, food security, and employment generation. The objective of this paper is to examine the evolution, components, opportunities, and challenges of the Blue Economy while identifying pathways for its sustainable development. The study follows a qualitative approach by analysing existing literature, global policy frameworks, and case studies to evaluate the effectiveness of different ocean-based economic models. Findings indicate that while the Blue Economy presents immense potential for economic growth and employment, it faces several critical challenges, such as overfishing, habitat destruction, climate change impacts, and governance issues. The exploitation of non-living marine resources, such as deep-sea mining and offshore oil and gas extraction, also raises concerns about long-term ecological sustainability. To overcome these challenges, the paper highlights the importance of strong governance frameworks, investment in marine research and technology, and the development of policies that promote sustainable resource management. The role of marine protected areas, sustainable fishing practices, and advancements in renewable ocean energy is emphasized as key strategies for balancing economic benefits with environmental conservation. The private sector, in collaboration with governments and international organizations, must play a central role in driving sustainable investments and innovations. Ultimately, the Blue Economy has the potential to support long-term economic development while preserving marine biodiversity and improving the livelihoods of coastal communities. By adopting sustainable practices, enforcing regulations, and investing in science and data-driven decision-making, nations can harness ocean resources responsibly. This paper underscores the need for an integrated approach that aligns economic growth with environmental stewardship, ensuring that the benefits of ocean-based industries are equitably shared while safeguarding marine ecosystems for future generations
Effectiveness of Mechanical and Chemical Filter Application on Water Quality, Phytoplankton, and The Emergence of Vibrio Bacteria in Intensive Shrimp Pond
Get PDFThe aquaculture sector plays a crucial role in Indonesia's fisheries industry, especially with the rapid growth of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp farming. However, intensive aquaculture systems face significant challenges, such as decreased water quality and increased Vibrio bacterial infections, which have the potential to cause diseases with high mortality rates. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical and chemical filtration systems in improving pond water quality, maintaining phytoplankton balance, and suppressing pathogenic bacterial populations. This study was conducted for 30 days using a randomized group design (RAK) with three treatments, namely ponds without filtration (K), ponds with mechanical filtration (FF), and ponds with chemical filtration (FK). The results showed that chemical filtration was more effective in reducing total organic matter (TOM) and reducing Vibrio density to 1,740-1,880 CFU/mL. Meanwhile, mechanical filtration was more optimal in increasing the phytoplankton population to reach 123,000 ind/m³. The application of the filtration system was also shown to increase dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and reduce total suspended solids (TSS), thus creating more stable water conditions for shrimp. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of an appropriate filtration system can be a strategic solution in supporting the sustainability of the L. vannamei aquaculture industry in Indonesia
Risk Assessment for Speedboat Tourism in Raja Ampat Using the Swiss Cheese Model (SCM)
Get PDFThe waters of Raja Ampat in Papua are one of the world's top maritime tourism destinations, attracting over 30,000 tourists annually since 2020. However, the challenging geographical conditions, such as shallow coral reefs, strong sea currents, and busy speedboat traffic, significantly increase the risk of maritime accidents. According to the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), from 2012 to 2024, six incidents in the area caused serious accidents, including vessel damage and injuries. This study aims to analyze the risks of tourist speedboat accidents in Raja Ampat using three complementary risk assessment methods: the Swiss Cheese Model (SCM), interviews, and questionnaires. The Swiss Cheese Model identifies gaps in several layers, such as Environment and Weather, Vessel and Safety Equipment, Skills and Competence of Operators, and Tourism Safety Management and Regulations. The analysis shows that the skills and competence of boat operators are significant weaknesses in accident cases, and it recommends that boat operators in Raja Ampat participate in SCRB (Survival Craft and Rescue Boat) training and certification program
Alternative Neutralizers for Acid Mine Wastewater: Characterization and Neutralizing Potency of Pond Ash and Concrete Sludge
Get PDFOne of the most widely used fuels is coal, where the South Sumatra region is an area with coal potential whose production is still being increased. On the other hand, there are negative impacts caused by coal exploration activities, one of which is mining runoff, commonly called acid mine drainage. Acid mine drainage has a low pH and contains inorganic constituents such as iron and manganese. Therefore, proper and optimum information processing is needed to support environmentally friendly mining management. In contrast, alternative materials such as blast furnace slag, wood ash, fly ash, cement kiln dust, and construction waste are being used. These materials are effective against AMD, at a relatively low cost, and outperform traditional neutralizers. However, comparing them with conventional agents is challenging due to limited data and experimental variation. In this study, the objectives to be achieved are 1) to determine the quality conditions of AMW at the study location, 2) to determine the effectiveness of the use of chemical and alternative compound neutralization agents in the processing process, and 3) to provide recommendations for the dosage, type of neutralization agent, and the most optimum time in AMW processing. The AMW obtained is then subjected to laboratory analysis related to quality, including TSS, pH, Fe, and Mn parameters. In addition, conventional and alternative neutralization agents are also prepared and then used to process AMW. Then, experiments were carried out on variations in the type of neutralization agent, the dosage of neutralization agent use, and the contact time between the neutralization agent and AMW. Experimental results have shown that these materials, mainly pond ash and concrete sludge, can effectively neutralize pH and reduce Mn concentrations by up to 83.26% and 79.12%, respectively. Similarly, Fe concentrations can be reduced by up to 80.76% and 74.05% using pond ash and concrete sludge, respectively. While these results are promising, future research should focus on characterizing the generated sludge to confirm the adsorption of ferrous and manganese ions onto the surface of the alternative neutralizers
Optimizing Laundry Wastewater Treatment: A Hybrid Approach Using Poly-Aluminum Chloride Coagulation and Activated Carbon Adsorption
Get PDFLaundry wastewater contains high levels of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and phosphate (PO₄), contributing to water pollution and eutrophication. This study investigates an integrated treatment approach using poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) coagulation and activated carbon adsorption to improve wastewater treatment efficiency. The research aims to determine the optimal PAC dosage (10% and 15%) and stirring time (0, 5, 15, 30, and 45 minutes) for maximizing COD and PO₄ removal. A batch reactor system was used to conduct the treatment process, and the analysis followed the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) methods. The results demonstrated that the highest removal efficiencies were achieved with a 15% PAC dosage and a stirring time of 45 minutes. Under these conditions, COD levels were reduced from 2189.62 mg/L to 143.47 mg/L, achieving a 93% reduction. Similarly, PO₄ levels decreased from 94.33 mg/L to 5.18 mg/L, corresponding to a 96% removal rate. These findings indicate that the combination of PAC coagulation and activated carbon adsorption is a highly effective treatment method for reducing pollution in laundry wastewater. This hybrid approach meets environmental discharge standards and presents a sustainable solution for large-scale wastewater treatment applications
Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method for Steady Infiltration Problems from Furrow Irrigation Channels in Heterogeneous Soil
Get PDFThis research discusses solving the problem of infiltration of furrow irrigation channels in heterogeneous soil containing five soil layers using the Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method (DRBEM) numerical method. The mathematical infiltration model in furrow irrigation channels takes the form of the Richard Equation, which is transformed into a modified Helmholtz equation with mixed boundary conditions. Solving with DRBEM shows that in heterogeneous and homogeneous soils, the soil type influences the suction potential and water content values. Different soil depths in heterogeneous soil produce variations and jumps in suction potential and water content values in each soil layer
Compositional and Thermal Effects on the Phase Stability and Crystallinity of Cu₂SnS₃ Nanoparticles
Get PDFCu₂SnS₃ (CTS) is a promising semiconductor for photovoltaic applications, yet its synthesis via solid-state sintering remains insufficiently explored. This study examines the phase evolution and structural properties of CTS thin films fabricated from Cu, Sn, and S elemental precursors sintered at 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that stoichiometric CTS attained optimal phase purity at 500°C, whereas off-stoichiometric compositions resulted in secondary phases such as Cu₂S, Cu₉.₆₇Sn₂.₃₃S₁₃, and SnS₂. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed microstructural transformations, with well-defined crystalline domains emerging at 500°C but excessive grain coalescence in Cu-rich samples. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified compositional variations, underscoring the critical role of stoichiometry in phase stability. These findings demonstrate that precise compositional control and optimized sintering conditions are essential for high-purity CTS films, advancing their potential for enhanced photovoltaic performance and long-term operational stability