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Perovskites de coure bidimensionals per a dispositius barocalòrics que funcionen al voltant de 100 ºC
No full textTreballs Finals de Grau de Química, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2025, Tutor: Roc Matheu MontserratCurrent cooling systems and heat pumps use vapor compression cycles with hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as refrigerants. These devices are a major source of greenhouse gases due to their limited efficiency and the huge global warming potential (GWP) of HFCs when leaked into the atmosphere. In the search for a more sustainable and efficient future, there is growing interest in materials that exhibit first-order solid-solid phase transitions with significant latent heat. These materials are being explored for barocaloric devices for solid-state cooling and heating applications. Two-dimensional perovskites with the chemical formula [A]2BX4, where A is an organic cation, such as an alkylammonium chain, M is a divalent metal (B = Co, Zn, Cu, Mn), X is a halogen atom (X = Cl, Br), are emerging as excellent material candidates for these applications, as their chemical flexibility allows tuning of the crystal structure and transition properties (e.g., temperature and latent heat). Until now, two-dimensional halide perovskites have been prepared with up to 16 carbons in the alkylammonium chain, which exhibit energetic phase transitions at temperatures relatively close to room temperature for domestic applications. To develop heat pumps for industrial processes, research into materials that exhibit the barocaloric effect at higher temperatures (e.g., 80-120 ºC) has emerged. This work reports on the preparation of [Cn]2CuCl4 and [Cn]2CuBr4 (n =16, 18, 19, 20 and 22) and the characterization of the crystal structure by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of [C20]2CuBr4 and [C22]2CuBr4 show a large latent heat (60.5 J g-1 and 65.9 J g-1) at 98.1 ºC and 103.9 ºC, respectively
Transversality and Language Teaching
No full textThis paper focuses on the importance of transversal competence in language classes. Several studies show the need to teach culture in the language class because they so often go hand in hand (Deoksoon, 2020). However, a vast amount of students are able to dominate the languages studied without giving a great deal of importance to cultural studies that are significant for creating debates
Goodbye connections, hello Bagehot: democratization, lender of last resort independence and bank failures in Spain in 1931
No full textDid democratization reduce the likelihood of politically connected bank bailouts in the past? What role did private central banks play as independent lenders of last resort? To answer these questions, this article provides new detailed archival evidence on the causes of bank failures in Spain in July 1931. We show how, on the back of a safety net provided by close connections to the Primo de Rivera dictatorship (1923–30), bankers embarked in a rapid and outward-oriented expansion characterized by politically driven credit misallocation and risk-shifting on the eve of the Great Depression. Transition to democracy with the coming of the Spanish Second Republic in April 1931 terminated the safety net provided by these connections and the collapse of international trade and finance caused insolvency to surface. Democratic fiscal authorities clashed with the opposition of Banco de España – the privately owned lender of last resort – to share losses stemming from a bailout, resulting in bank failures
Los desplazamientos transnacionales y el derecho a la asistencia sanitaria
Get PDFEl derecho a la asistencia sanitaria transnacional está regulado en el Reglamento (CE) 883/2004, de 29 de abril
Wage cyclicality and labour market institutions
No full textDo labor institutions influence how wages respond to the business cycle? Such responsiveness can then shape several economic outcomes, including unemployment. In this paper, we examine the role of two key labor market institutions—collective bargaining and temporary contracts—upon wage cyclicality. Our evidence is drawn from rich, 2002–2020 matched data from Portugal. We find that workers not covered by collective agreements exhibit much higher wage cyclicality, especially new hires, compared to covered workers. In contrast, workers under temporary contracts do not exhibit sizable differences in cyclicality compared to counterparts under permanent (open-ended) contracts. Our findings highlight a novel angle through which labor institutions influence the labor market and the econom
Unlocking flooded domains in air-breathing cathodes with edge-located asymmetric CoN2O2 sites for robust H2O2 electrosynthesis
No full textAir-breathing gas-diffusion electrodes (GDEs) eliminating energy-intensive aeration hold great promise for industrial-scale hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis. However, this configuration suffers from limited O2 mass transport and easy flooding. Herein, the active region of GDEs was extended beyond the three-phase boundary into the flooded domain by designing an alveolate carbon-supported Co single-atom electrocatalyst featuring abundant edge-located asymmetric CoN2O2 sites (eCoN2O2) to modulate the catalytic layer. The porous framework facilitates O2 mass transport, while the eCoN2O2 sites enable efficient O2 activation, sustaining fast ORR thanks to rational electrode design across the scales. Moreover, the superior O2 enrichment capability of eCoN2O2 allows efficient utilization of dissolved O2. Notably, the eCoN2O2-based GDE delivers a high H2O2 yield of 738.5 mg L−1 after 6 h at 25 mA cm−2, showing a 3.8-fold increase over basal-plane CoN4 moiety and even outperforming many aeration-driven systems. This work paves the way for integrated design of electrocatalysts and GDE architectures
Removal of amoxicillin and ketorolac combining an IrO<sub>2</sub>-Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>|Ti anode with a carbon paper cathode
No full textContaminants in water resources are known to cause serious environmental and health issues. Despite using different methods to eliminate such chemicals, emerging contaminants are usually persistent, especially in conventional water treatment technologies. Electro-oxidation (EO) is a straightforward technique that has been proven effective for degrading pharmaceuticals in water. In this work, the performance of EO has been investigated using an IrO2-Ta2O5|Ti anode containing 18.79 % Ti, 58.09 % O, 7.06 % Ir, and 2.36 % Ta, with a roughness of 252.6 μm, a surface area of 0.0667 cm2, and a roughness factor of 0.07575, in different setups by combining it with either a titanium mesh or carbon paper (CP) as a cathode, with or without a constant air flow rate. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and active chlorine was monitored to evaluate the performance of each setup in two different media (0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M Na2SO4). The EO process was conducted at a cell potential of 2.5 V for 120 min, and the removal of amoxicillin (AMX) and ketorolac (KET) was assessed by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography coupled to UV–Vis Spectrometry (UPLC-UV/Vis). In this sense, using the IrO2-Ta2O5|Ti||CP system, 10 mg l-1 AMX showed a removal efficiency of 100 % after 6 min in 0.1 M NaCl and after 30 min in 0.1 M Na2SO4. In comparison, 10 mg l-1 KET showed a removal efficiency of 100 % after 5 min in 0.1 M NaCl and 82.5 % after 120 min in 0.1 M Na2SO4, with a corresponding decrease in toxicity within <10 min. The mineralization of AMX and KET solutions was determined using total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. Our results showed that higher H2O2 and •OH radicals were produced in a 0.1 M Na2SO4 medium. Moreover, in aerated systems, the 2e- oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at CP contributed to the faster degradation of the drugs. The chlorine production accelerated the disappearance of both drugs in the NaCl medium. Finally, reaction routes for the AMX degradation in Na2SO4 and KET degradation in NaCl are proposed, considering the interfacial oxidants generated (H2O2, •OH, Cl2/HClO) and the corresponding by-products identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The decrease in toxicity was observed within <10 min
The international dimension of the EU on access to justice in environmental matters
No full textThis chapter examines the role of the European Union (EU) at the international level in strengthening access to justice in environmental matters. It then looks at the limitations and gaps in the EU regulatory framework in this area at the EU
and member state levels. It also shows how these circumstances weaken the EU's role in the international arena, in particular, before the European Union Court of Justice (EUCJ) in the wake of the case ACCC/C/2008/32 of Aarhus Convention
Compliance Committee v EU, and it concludes with some final remarks
EU Digital Law. Art 6 DSA Hosting
No full textWhere an information society services is provided that consists of the storage of information provided by a recipient of the service, the service provider shall not be liable for the information stored at the request of a recipient of the service, on condition that the provider..
Una constelación autoral (afro)cubana: autor(as)representación, archivos y circuitos culturales de la Isla y su diàspora
No full text[spa] La presente tesis doctoral analiza la producción cultural de un conjunto de autoras cubanas en el periodo postrevolucionario, de 1959 a inicios del siglo XXI. El objetivo es doble, de entrada, estudiar los procesos de construcción autoral y, por otro lado, trazar el contexto cultural yuxtaponiendo las redes autorales que han ido forjando y los circuitos culturales a los que se han incorporado, fuera y dentro de la Isla. Destaco tres características del corpus: de entrada, las obras abordan problemas en torno a la autorrepresentación. La imagen de «la mulata» ha funcionado como un disparador para pensar su producción y ha abierto el estudio a aspectos intrínsecos a esta imagen como son las prácticas religiosas sincréticas, los estereotipos sexuales, el problema del mestizaje y la racialidad. Un segundo rasgo es su carácter abigarrado al incluir producciones de distintas artes como la literatura, la plástica y el cine. Por último, reúne autoras cubanas que residen en Cuba y en la diáspora, lo que complejiza el análisis y los debates a propósito de la identidad cultural cubana.
La tesis se enmarca en el estilo intelectual de los Estudios culturales. Su doble dimensión abarcadora y la introducción de múltiples tramas expresivas requiere de un marco teórico heterogéneo; este incluye herramientas teórico-políticas de los feminismos y de los estudios autorales, literarios y artísticos. En cuanto a la metodología, aplico un uso situado de las categorías y un análisis coyuntural de las producciones culturales, así como el método de análisis intertextual de las obras que dialogan entre sí y con la tradición. Esta concepción dialógica se refleja en la estructura del texto; en ella empleo el enfoque diacrónico que me permite relacionar a autoras de distintas coordenadas crono-espaciales; mientras el sincrónico las emplaza en las dinámicas culturales de su contexto. En los noventa relaciono la articulación de un mercado del arte y la convivencia de circuitos formales e informales de transmisión de conocimiento con la eclosión de los Estudios de género y sobre racismo. Se multiplican los discursos que se reapropian del cuerpo como un terreno de enunciación y como soporte desde el que confrontar la vinculación entre exotismo, cuerpos no blancos y territorio.
En lo que se refiere a los aportes de la tesis doctoral, destaco que el enfoque para acercarme a los debates culturales que se han desarrollado en Cuba revela una recepción crítica de las/os autora/es y una tercera posición que ha tratado de establecer puentes y circuitos dentro y fuera de la Isla. Por otro lado, la estructura propone la puesta en común entre análisis de fuentes y caracterización de circuitos que permiten aprehender las múltiples posiciones que se han mantenido sobre los problemas centrales de esta tesis. Por lo demás, la insistencia en la contextualización teórica y de análisis, junto con la propuesta biográfica para narrar un contexto, entreteje los problemas sobre el par intelectualidad/Revolución desde otras miradas y figuras menos conocidas. Este enfoque lo reformula incorporando tramas genealógicas que desde los inicios proponen una radicalización de la Revolución y a las que estuvieron vinculadas este conjunto de autoras.[cat] La present tesi doctoral analitza la producció cultural d'un conjunt d'autores cubanes en el període postrevolucionari, de 1959 a inicis del segle XXI. L'objectiu és doble, d'entrada, estudiar els processos de construcció de la identitat d’autoria i, d'altra banda, traçar el context cultural juxtaposant les xarxes que han anat forjant i els circuits culturals als quals s'han incorporat, fora i dins de l'Illa. Destaco tres característiques del corpus: d'entrada, les obres aborden problemes entorn de l'autorepresentació. La imatge de «la mulata» ha funcionat com un disparador per a pensar la seva producció i ha obert l'estudi a aspectes intrínsecs a aquesta imatge com són les pràctiques religioses sincrètiques, els estereotips sexuals, el problema del mestissatge i la racialitat. Un segon tret és el seu caràcter bigarrat que inclou produccions de diferents arts com la literatura, la plàstica i el cinema. Finalment, reuneix autores cubanes que resideixen a Cuba i en la diàspora, la qual cosa complica l'anàlisi i els debats a propòsit de la identitat cultural cubana.
La tesi s'emmarca en l'estil intel·lectual dels Estudis culturals. La introducció de múltiples trames expressives requereix un marc teòric heterogeni; aquest inclou eines teòric-polítiques dels feminismes i dels estudis autorals, literaris i artístics. En relació amb la metodologia, aplico un ús situat de les categories i una anàlisi conjuntural de les produccions culturals, així com el mètode d'anàlisi intertextual de les obres, que dialoguen entre si i amb la tradició. Aquesta concepció dialògica es reflecteix en l'estructura del text, en la qual empro l'enfocament diacrònic que em permet relacionar a autores de diferents coordenades crono espacials; mentre el sincrònic les emplaça en les dinàmiques culturals del seu context. En els anys noranta relaciono l'articulació d'un mercat de l'art i la convivència de circuits formals i informals de transmissió de coneixement amb l'eclosió dels Estudis de gènere i sobre racisme que multipliquen els discursos que es reapropien del cos com un terreny d'enunciació i com a suport des del qual confrontar la vinculació entre exotisme, cossos no-blancs i territori.
Pel que fa a les aportacions de la tesi doctoral, destaco que l'enfocament per a acostar-me als debats culturals que s'han desenvolupat a Cuba revela una recepció crítica de les autores i autors i una tercera posició que ha tractat d'establir ponts i circuits dins i fora de l'Illa. D'altra banda, l’estructura proposa la posada en comú entre anàlisi de fonts i caracterització de circuits que permet apercebre's les múltiples posicions que s'han mantingut sobre els problemes centrals d'aquesta tesi. Per altra part, la insistència en la contextualització teòrica i d'anàlisi, juntament amb la proposta biogràfica per a narrar un context entrellaça els problemes sobre el parell intel·lectualitat/Revolució des d'altres mirades i figures menys conegudes, però que el reformula incorporant trames genealògiques que des dels inicis proposen una radicalització de la Revolució i a les quals van estar vinculades aquest conjunt d'autores.[eng] This doctoral thesis analyzes the cultural output of a group of Cuban female authors from 1959 to the beginning of the 21st century. The objective is to study the processes involved in constructing authorial identity. Secondly, the cultural context is traced. The authors establish networks and join cultural circuits that shape this framework. The works were selected for analysis because they raise issues of self-representation. I begin by examining the image of 'la mulata' and sexual stereotypes before extending this analysis to include syncretic religious practices, mestizaje, and raciality. A second characteristic of the corpus is its interdisciplinary nature, as it includes literary, visual, and audiovisual works. Finally, the study brings together Cuban authors residing on the island and in the Cuban diaspora. This complicates debates and analyses regarding Cuban cultural identity.
This research forms part of the field of Cultural Studies. I employ a heterogeneous theoretical framework, incorporating theoretical and political tools developed by feminism, as well as authorial, literary, and artistic studies. I conduct a conjunctural analysis of the cultural productions under examination and apply intertextual analysis to the works. This approach facilitates the linking of authors belonging to different chronological and spatial coordinates. It is my proposal that an investigation be conducted into the sources in order to define the Cuban cultural circuits and thus facilitate comprehension of the various positions that the authors have adopted on the central issues of this thesis