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Derecho italiano: análisis y reseña doctrinal junio-septiembre 2025
Get PDFDerecho italiano: análisis y reseña doctrinal junio-septiembre 202
Hacia la constitucionalidad del diseño procesal de los medios de impugnación
Get PDFSi se acepta que el derecho al recurso debe ser constitucionalizado, debe abordarse la cuestión de en qué condiciones debe establecerse tanto la admisión a los recursos como el objeto de su cognición, en orden a evitar que la existencia del recurso sea en vano, si después se ve restringido por la presencia de requisitos demasiado exigentes o simplemente impredecibles. O que, incluso siendo predecibles, sean de tan difícil cumplimiento que finalmente el derecho al recurso deje de existir. Es lo que ocurriría, por ejemplo, si solamente se aceptaran recursos de apelación en asuntos de cuantía superior a 10.000.000 de euros. No es difícil predecir si serán admisibles o no, pero la realidad es que la mayoría de los procesos no alcanzan esa cuantía. Ese umbral correría el riesgo de convertirse en una restricción del derecho de acceso a la justicia
Evidence for symbolic use of ochre by MicoquianNeanderthals in Crimea
Get PDFOchre use is widely regarded as a potential marker of symbolic behavior in Paleolithic societies. We conducted amultiproxy analysis of 16 ochre pieces from Middle Paleolithic Micoquian sites in Crimea [Zaskalnaya V (ZSKV),ZSKVI, and Prolom II] and mainland Ukraine (Mukhovets), spanning up to 70,000 years. Using portable x-rayfluorescence, scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and technological analysis,we identified deliberate modifications including grinding, scoring, flaking, and scraping. Three pieces (ZSKV-05,ZSKV-06, and ZSKV-07) show features exceeding utilitarian use: One is shaped into a crayon-liketool with repeated resharpening, another appears to be a crayon fragment, and a third bears engraved, polished surfaces. Thesetraits suggest the intentional production of marks and curated use. While practical applications (e.g., hide processing)remain plausible for other specimens, the evidence supports symbolic use among some Crimean Neanderthals.Our results highlight their cognitive complexity and underscore the importance of regional, multiproxyapproaches in evaluating the emergence of symbolic material culture
Baseline Views of Preservice Physics Teachers on Inquiry-Based Approaches and Their Connection with Nature of Science Conceptions
Get PDFDespite broad consensus on the benefits of inquiry-based science education (IBSE), its implementation remains limited in secondary physics classrooms, partly due to naïve conceptions of the Nature of Science (NoS). This quantitative study characterizes preservice physics teachers’ (N = 26) initial NoS conceptions and views on IBSE at program entry and examines how specific epistemological beliefs relate to perceived implementation barriers in a small, single-institution sample. Using the PTIP and SUSSI instruments in a cross-sectional design, we applied nonparametric analyses with multiple-testing corrections. Participants showed relatively sophisticated conceptions of the tentativeness of scientific theories but naïve misconceptions about the distinction between scientific laws and theories. They strongly endorsed dialogic components of IBSE (discussion, argumentation) yet perceived severe external barriers (time, resources, assessment) and expressed only cautious support for student-designed investigations. Three correlations survived false discovery rate correction: understanding methodological pluralism (rejecting a single universal “scientific method”) was positively associated with both endorsement of inquiry practices and fewer perceived internal barriers, while endorsement of inquiry practices also correlated with lower internal difficulties. Other NoS dimensions showed no robust associations with views on IBSE. These findings suggest that fostering methodological pluralism as “epistemic security,” alongside realistic strategies for inquiry under constraints, should be a priority in teacher education, although the results should be interpreted as exploratory and not statistically generalizable beyond similar contexts without replication
El Chalet del Marqués de Campo en la Exposición Universal de Barcelona de 1888: aspectos sobre coleccionismo y ostentación nobiliaria a finales del siglo XIX
Get PDF[spa] El Marqués de Campo fue una de las personalidades más significativas de finales del siglo XIX en España. De orígenes humildes, sus estrategias comerciales le situaron como alcalde de Valencia y, más tarde, obtuvo el título de Marqués. Con el fin de promocionarse internacionalmente participó en la Exposición Universal de Barcelona de 1888 con la construcción de un chalet donde expuso gran parte de su colección artística así como otros bienes vinculados con su actividad comercial. En nuestro artículo analizamos el proceso constructivo así como la recepción entre la prensa de dicha obra.[eng] The Marquis of Campo was one of the most important aristocrats of the last years of 19th century in Spain. Descendant of a humble family, thanks of to his commercial strategies became Mayor of Valencia, and after that, he got was awarded the title of Marquis. To promote his figure internationally he built a detached house in the Universal Exhibition of Barcelona in 1888, where he exposed exhibited most of his artistic collection as well as several items of his commercial activity. In this paper we are going to analyse how was what the construction of this building and the perception of this work in the newspaper were like
Kinematic and Kinetic Adaptations to Step Cadence ModulationDuringWalking in Healthy Adults
Get PDFWalking cadence is commonly adjusted in sport and rehabilitation, yet itseffects on spatiotemporal gait parameters and regional plantar pressure distribution undercontrolled speed conditions remain incompletely characterized. Therefore, this studyaimed to determine whether imposed cadence increases at a constant walking speed would(i) systematically reduce temporal gait parameters while preserving inter-limb symmetryand (ii) be associated with region-specific increases in forefoot plantar loading, representingthe primary novel contribution of this work. Methods: Fifty-two adults walked atthree imposed cadences (110, 120, 130 steps·min−1) while maintaining a fixed treadmillspeed of 1.39 m·s−1 via auditory biofeedback. Spatiotemporal parameters were recordedwith an OptoGait system, and plantar pressure distribution was measured using in-shoepressure insoles. Normally distributed variables were analyzed using repeated-measuresANOVA, whereas plantar pressure metrics were assessed using the Friedman test, followedby Wilcoxon signed-rank post-hoc comparisons with false discovery rate (FDR)correction. Associations between temporal parameters and plantar loading metrics (peakpressure, pressure–time integral) were examined using Spearman’s rank correlation withFDR correction (α = 0.05). Results: Increasing cadence produced progressive reductions in gaitcycle duration (~8–10%), contact time (~7–8%), and step time (all p < 0.01), while inter-limbsymmetry indices remained below 2% across conditions. Peak plantar pressure increasedsignificantly in several forefoot regions with increasing cadence (all p_FDR < 0.05), whereaschanges in the first ray were less consistent across conditions. Regional forefoot pressure–timeintegral also increased modestly with higher cadence (p_FDR < 0.01). Spearman’s correlationsrevealed moderate negative associations between temporal gait parameters and globalplantar loading metrics (ρ = −0.38 to −0.46, all p_FDR < 0.05). Conclusions: At a constantwalking speed, increasing cadence systematically shortens temporal gait components andis associated with small but consistent region-specific increases in forefoot plantar loading.These findings highlight cadence as a key temporal constraint shaping plantar loadingpatterns during steady-state walking and support the existence of concurrent temporal–mechanical adaptations.Keywords: step cadence; human gait; biomechanics; plantar pressure; motor control
Discrimination of particles in neutron detectors
Get PDFTreballs Finals de Grau de Física, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2026, Tutors: Alfredo de Blas del Hoyo, Assumpta Parreño GarcíaThis work experimentally compares two charge preamplifiers used with 3He neutron detectors by means of digital pulse-shape analysis: a commercial Canberra and a prototype designed by the Universitat Polit`ecnica de Catalunya (UPC). Measurements were performed with moderated neutron, gamma, and background sources. A signal-processing algorithm that calculates the rise time was implemented. The Canberra system shows excellent discrimination, with a clear separation
in the rise time versus energy plots. The prototype of a UPC requires a complementary method, the use of a cadmium filter, to allow correct neutron discrimination. The normalized pulse shapes confirm the differences in rise time for neutrons, gamma rays and microdischarges. Thus, the results demonstrate that the discrimination based on rise time is effective for both systems
Reformas legislativas del Consejo General del Poder Judicial y del Tribunal Constitucional y erosión democrática en España
Get PDFLegislative reforms of the General Council of Judiciaryand of the Constitutional Tribunal and constitutional decayin Spain-The article lays down the foundations of the appointmentmechanisms for the General Council of Judiciary andthe Constitutional Tribunalin Spain, highlighting the deadlock engendered in the last months by the refusal of theparliamentary minority tostrike a compromise concerning the electionof the members of the General Council of Judiciary.The legislative attempts to remedy the parliamentary impasse are discussed against the backdrop of the decisions in this regard handed down by the Constitutional Tribunal, highlightingthe detrimental consequences of these constitutional conflicts over the rule of law
The Clinical Impact of the Combination of CBCT andPeriapical Radiographs on Endodontic Diagnosis andTreatment Planning—A Retrospective Cohort Study
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To determine whether the combined use of periapical radiography (PR) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) improves agreement among three endodontic experts compared with using either diagnostic tool alone.
Methodology
Sixty clinical records with CBCT scans were selected from cases performed by postgraduate and master's students in endodontics at the University of Barcelona Dental Hospital. Three endodontic experts independently evaluated each case using a standardised questionnaire. Initially, they assessed the PR images. After 4 months, they reassessed the cases using CBCT. One year later, they reviewed both PR and CBCT together. Agreement levels were analysed for pulpal and periradicular diagnoses, treatment recommendations and aetiological assessments.
Results
Inter-observer agreement improved across the study phases, peaking in phase 3—particularly for treatment recommendations. In this final phase, where both PR and CBCT were evaluated together, the agreement rate for pulpal diagnosis was 73.33%, with substantial reliability (κ = 0.67). Periradicular diagnosis showed a 40.00% agreement rate, with moderate inter-observer concordance (κ = 0.44). The lowest agreement was observed in the aetiology category (28.33%), with moderate concordance (κ = 0.50). Agreement on treatment recommendations reached 43.33% (κ = 0.51) and was the only category to show statistically significant differences between phases (p = 0.01). No significant differences were found for pulpal diagnosis (p = 0.39), periradicular diagnosis (p = 0.19) or aetiology (p = 0.36). Intra-observer agreement varied among experts, with some showing lower consistency in their responses when evaluating PR, CBCT and the combination of both, highlighting the influence of imaging modality on clinical decision-making.
Conclusions
The combination of PR and CBCT improved inter-observer agreement across all categories compared to the use of a single imaging modality. However, this improvement reached statistical significance only for treatment recommendations. These findings suggest that, whereas combining PR and CBCT may support more consistent therapeutic decision-making, its impact on diagnostic agreement may vary depending on the specific diagnostic domain
Cognitive patterns in relation to biomarkers of cerebrovascular disease and vascular risk factors
Get PDFBackground: Risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are the same as traditional risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Early identification of subjects at higher risk of VCI is important for the development of effective preventive strategies. In addition to traditional vascular risk factors (VRF), circulating biomarkers have emerged as potential tools for early diagnoses, as they could provide in vivo measures of the underlying pathophysiology. While VRF have been consistently linked to a VCI profile (i.e., deficits in executive functions and processing speed), the cognitive correlates of CVD biomarkers remain unclear. In this population-based study, the aim was to study and compare cognitive patterns in relation to VRF and circulating biomarkers of CVD. Methods: The Barcelona-AsIA Neuropsychology Study included 747 subjects older than 50, without a prior history of stroke or coronary disease and with a moderate to high vascular risk (mean age, 66 years; 34.1% women). Three cognitive domains were derived from factoral analysis: visuospatial skills/speed, verbal memory and verbal fluency. Multiple linear regression was used to assess relationships between cognitive performance (multiple domains) and a panel of circulating biomarkers, including indicators of inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP) and resistin, endothelial dysfunction, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), thrombosis, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), as well as traditional VRF, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index). Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, years of education and depressive symptoms. Results: Traditional VRF were related to lower performance in verbal fluency, insulin resistance accounted for lower performance in visuospatial skills/speed and the metabolic syndrome predicted lower performance in both cognitive domains. From the biomarkers of CVD, CRP was negatively related to verbal fluency performance and increasing ADMA levels were associated with lower performance in verbal memory. Resistin and PAI-1 did not relate to cognitive function performance. Conclusion: Vascular risk factors, and markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction predicted lower performance in several cognitive domains. Specifically, cognitive functions associated with CRP are typically affected in VCI and overlap those related to VRF. ADMA indicated a dissociation in the cognitive profile involving verbal memory. These findings suggest that inflammation and endothelial dysfunction might play a role in the predementia cognitive impairment stages