Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)
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An Heterogeneous Population-Based Genetic Algorithm for Data Clustering
Get PDFAs a primary data mining method for knowledge discovery, clustering is a technique of classifying a dataset into groups of similar objects. The most popular method for data clustering K-means suffers from the drawbacks of requiring the number of clusters and their initial centers, which should be provided by the user. In the literature, several methods have proposed in a form of k-means variants, genetic algorithms, or combinations between them for calculating the number of clusters and finding proper clusters centers. However, none of these solutions has provided satisfactory results and determining the number of clusters and the initial centers are still the main challenge in clustering processes. In this paper we present an approach to automatically generate such parameters to achieve optimal clusters using a modified genetic algorithm operating on varied individual structures and using a new crossover operator. Experimental results show that our modified genetic algorithm is a better efficient alternative to the existing approaches
Characterization of Screen Printed Ag-PDMS Flexible Electrode for Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS)
Get PDFElectrical Stimulation is vital for maintaining muscle tone and strength particularly in improving muscle conditions. However, commonly used electrodes for muscle stimulation are flat, solid and have a fixed curvature and therefore cannot conform to the surface of the body. In this paper, a newly developed silver (Ag)- Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) flexible electrode for electrical muscle stimulation was developed. The electrodes were fabricated using screen printing for both single and array designs. The Ag-PDMS composite was developed to allow electrode pattern to be transferred properly on the PDMS substrate because due to same material property.Subsequently, the Ag-PDMS sheet resistance (R) which related to the conductivity of the electrode, was characterized. The R increases each time strain was given to the substrate (0.1cm in each test) with the initial value of 0.7Ω and 75Ω for single and array electrode respectively.To evaluate the functionalities of the electrodes, the Mechanomyogram (MMG) signals were measured by using an equipment called USBamp and a commercial Electrical Muscle Stimulator. Results show that the functionality of the fabricated single electrodes were comparable to the commercial one
MLI Power Topologies and Voltage Eminence: an Exploratory Review
Get PDFDue to their performances and inherent edges, particularly in medium-voltage and dynamic applications, multilevel inverters have received associate degree increasing attention in universe industrial applications. This paper deals with a review of the most structure electrical converter topologies additionally their commonest derived and hybrid structures quoted in previous analysis works. It additionally encompasses associate degree investigation on voltage harmonic elimination and THD estimation. For that reason, the paper summarizes the foremost relevant modulation techniques used to date to boost the output voltage quality. Theoretical formulas elicited within the literature, for calculating the output voltage THD higher and lower bounds area unit reportable and verified by adequate simulations
An Investigative and Comprehensive Study about Deregulation (Restructuring) of Indian Power Market
Get PDFThis paper is a discussion about the introduction of restructuring and deregulation in Indian Power System. In modern era, deregulation has an important impact on power sector. In this paper, recent use of deregulation in Indian Power Sector has been described and measures to be taken in order to improve deregulation are also suggested
Modeling of Six Pulse Voltage Source Inverter based STATCOM with PWM and Conventional Triggering
Get PDFIn the present study, a six pulse inverter is triggered using conventional sequential and pulse width modulation (PWM) technique simultaneously for comparing their results. FACTS devices such as STATCOM are the most emerging areas in today’s power system. This STATCOM is a power electronic based converter circuit in which inverter circuit is fabricated for the purpose of voltage control and reactive power compensation through its current flow. A six pulse inverter is developed that can be generalized for developing any number of multiple of six pulse inverters by cascading them in parallel using transformers connection. Voltage source Inverter (VSI) is the most commonly used inverter that can be modeled for electrical system based studies. A methodology is presented to trigger the STATCOM inverter circuit using conventional and PWM techniques, and then the results are compared using MATLAB Simulink mode
Computing Some Degree-Based Topological Indices of Graphene
Get PDFGraphene is one of the most promising nanomaterial because of its unique combination of superb properties, which opens a way for its exploitation in a wide spectrum of applications ranging from electronics to optics, sensors, and bio devices. Inspired by recent work on Graphene of computing topological indices, here we compute new topological indices viz. Arithmetic-Geometric index (AG2 index), SK3 index and Sanskruti index of a molecular graph G and obtain the explicit formulae of these indices for Graphene
Universal Data Logger System for Environmental Monitoring Applications
Get PDFCollecting huge amount of data in long time acquisition systems like in environmental monitoring, there is a need to collect and save data over time for further use or analysis. A data logger is an electronic device that records data over time or in a relation to location either with a built-in instrument, sensor or via an external instruments and sensor. In this paper, a data logger system is designed to use as a stand-alone or computer based device. When used as a standalone system, all data acquired are saved in SD memory card, which must be copied and erased periodically depending on the memory size. When used as computer based device, all the data sent to the computer via the serial port and stored automatically in achieved files. The limit of those files size only restricted by the capacity of the disk. The data logger is designed using an Arduino UNO board and LabView software, and it has the flexibility to set it up for different user options. With this system, the user could be able to record and read back sensory data to or from existing files, or in automatically generated files and plot these readings in a graph. Also, the user have the ability to choose the periodic time at which a sample record in a file in term of seconds, minutes or hours. The system designed to monitor and record a single channel data, but it could be adapted to monitor more than one channel
Birefringence Control in Silicon Wire Waveguide by Using Over-etch
Get PDFSilicon wire waveguide technology becomes great issue in optical communication system. The high index contrast of the silicon wire waveguide induced the birefringence. It played important role in silicon wire waveguide loss since it caused polarization dependent loss (PDL), polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and wavelength shifting. Hence, suitable controlling birefringence in silicon wire waveguide becomes very important. The current birefringence controlling techniques by using cladding stress and geometrical variation in bulk silicon waveguide was presented. Unfortunately, it could not obtain zero birefringence when applied to silicon wire waveguide. The over-etching technique was employed in this paper to obtain zero birefringence. The tall silicon wire waveguide obtained minimum birefringence
Site Diversity Technique Application on Rain Attenuation for Lagos
Get PDFThis paper studied the impact of site diversity (SD) as a fade mitigation technique on rain attenuation at 12 GHz for Lagos. SD is one of the most effective methods to overcome such large fades due to rain attenuation that takes advantage of the usually localized nature of intense rainfall by receiving the satellite downlink signal at two or more earth stations to minimize the prospect of potential diversity stations being simultaneously subjected to significant rain attenuation. One year (January to December 2011) hourly rain gauge data was sourced from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) for three sites (Ikeja, Ikorodu and Marina) in Lagos, Nigeria. Significant improvement in both performance and availability was observed with the application of SD technique; again, separation distance was seen to be responsible for this observed performance improvements
Embellished Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Solving Reactive Power Problem
Get PDFThis paper proposes Embellished Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) algorithm for solving reactive power problem .The main concept of Embellished Particle Swarm Optimization is to extend the single population PSO to the interacting multi-swarm model. Through this multi-swarm cooperative approach, diversity in the whole swarm community can be upheld. Concurrently, the swarm-to-swarm mechanism drastically speeds up the swarm community to converge to the global near optimum. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, it has been tested in standard IEEE 57,118 bus systems and results show that Embellished Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) is more efficient in reducing the Real power losses when compared to other standard reported algorithms