Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)
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Analytical current Model for Dual Material Double Gate Junctionless Transistor
Get PDFA Transistor model with bulk current is proposed in this article for long channel dual material double gate junction less transistor. The influence of different device parameters such as body thickness, channel length, oxide thickness, and the doping density on bulk current is investigated. The proposed model is validated and compared with simulated data using Cogenda TCAD. The model is designed by Poison’s equation and depletion approximation. Current driving capability of MOSFET is improved by dual material gate compare to single material gate
Improving accuracy of derived 12-lead electrocardiography by waveform segmentation
Get PDFA number of methods have been proposed to reduce number of leads for electrocardiography (ECG) measurement without decreasing the signal quality. Some limited sets of leads that are nearly orthogonal, such as EASI, have been used to reconstruct the standard 12-lead ECG by various transformation techniques including linear, nonlinear, generic, and patient-specific. Those existing techniques, however, employed a full-cycle ECG waveform to calculate the transformation coefficients. Instead of calculating the transformation coefficients using a full-cycle waveform, we propose a new approach that segments the waveform into three segments: PR, QRS complex, and ST, hence the transformation coefficients were segment-specific. For testing, our new segment-specific approach was applied to six existing methods: Dower’s method with generic coefficients, Dower’s method with individual (patient-specific) coefficients, Linear Regression (LR), 2nd degree Polynomial Regression (PR), 3rd degree PR, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results showed that the new approach outperformed the conventional full-cycle approach. It was able to significantly reduce the derivation error up to 74.50% as well as improve the correlation coefficient up to 0.66%
Pattern lock and the app based on context, ease of use aspect in comparison
Get PDFSmartphone has been a popular device utilized to support productivity in human life and has become an integral part of human activities such as for communication, entertainment and social interaction. Those activities can be related to the information which needs to be protected because of its high privacy. Therefore, the smartphone needs a procedure that demonstrates an ability to secure that user information. However, more protective the scheme, more difficult the usage. Based on that pattern behavior, a good security scheme which support the users for easy security feature is urgently needed. One of such kind security features is authentication feature. In that manner, the ease of use aspect for acquiring the system by using an easy authentication mechanism becomes critically important. The ease of use intended is the efficiency of interaction between the user and that security feature for doing authentication including the time needed for doing that. This study developed the app which utilizes the context data, namely Geofilock. The context data meant is the location data based on the GPS and MAC address of the Wi-Fi. The system detected both context data and determined whether the smartphone needs to show the pattern screen lock as authentication feature or not, based on the context data analysis. The functionality of Geofilock works properly as shown by less user interaction number and less time needed by the user for obtaining the access. In addition, the app is easy to operate, as suggested by the user feedback
A study on application of SFCL in vietnam power distribution system with distributed generators (DGs)
Get PDFAs the power load demand is rapidly increasing nowadays, many new power generation units are continuously connected to the power system such as small hydropower, wind power, solar cell, and so on. However, in a distribution system, the presence of Distributed Generators (DGs) would generally change the distribution system's behavior. This change can affect to the operation and protection of devices in power system and the original parameters will be deviated. Especially, the fault current of power system with DGs is dramatically increasing, and Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) has attracted lots of attention as one of the best correctives to solve these issues. This paper proposes a strategy on application of SFCL in distribution system to solve the problems related to excessive short-circuit current and the mitigation of voltage sag due to the introduction of the DGs. Firstly, a Resistive-type SFCL (R_SFCL) is modeled by Matlab/Simulink. Next, a distribution system of Southern Vietnam power system is selected and simulated. Finally, according to the simulation results, the short circuit current and voltage sag improvements can be validated
Rain attenuation models at ka band for selected stations in the southwestern region of Nigeria
Get PDFRain is the major factor in radio propagation analyses that is responsible for outage on terrestrial point-to-point and point-to-multipoint radio communication systems at millimeter wave bands. This hampers radio wave signal transmission in the tropics. This paper investigates the performance of ITU-R P.530-16, Silver Mello, Moupfouma and Abdulrahman rain attenuation prediction models using locally-sourced data. The aim is to determine their suitability or otherwise in tropical Nigeria. Two years daily rainfall data were sourced from the Nigerian Meteorological Services (NIMET) for six different stations in southwestern Nigeria. Southern Nigeria is predominantly influenced by the southwest monsoon wind from the Atlantic Ocean due to its proximity to the coastal belt. The data were analyzed using these prediction models by comparing with measured data. The ITU-R P.530-16 rain attenuation prediction model closely matched the measurement value for p≥0.1% of the time but over-estimated it at p<0.1% while Abdulrahman and Silver Mello proposed prediction models generally over-estimated for p<0.01 of time exceeded. Overall, Abdulrahman proposed prediction model presented the best performances; it was closely followed by Silver Mello, ITU-R and Moupfouma prediction models respectively. These results further accentuate the need for urgent review of the ITU-R P.530-16 prediction model or alternatively, the development of a separate rain attenuation prediction model specifically for the stations in the tropical region
Improved time quantum length estimation for round robin scheduling algorithm using neural network
Get PDFIn most cases, the quantum time length is taken to be fix in all applications that use Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithm. Many attempts aim to determination of the optimal length of the quantum that results in a small average turnaround time, but the unknown nature of the tasks in the ready queue make the problem more complicated: Considering a large quantum length makes the RR algorithm behave like a First Come First Served (FIFO) scheduling algorithm, and a small quantum length cause high number of contexts switching. In this paper we propose a RR scheduling algorithm based on Neural Network Models for predicting the optimal quantum length which lead to a minimum average turnaround time. The quantum length depends on tasks burst times available in the ready queue. Rather than conventional traditional methods using fixed quantum length, this one giving better results by minimizing the average turnaround time for almost any set of jobs in the ready queue
Minimization of Threshold-Current Dependence of Quantum Dot Laser Using InN
Get PDFThis paper focuses on the effect of threshold current density on different characteristics of quantum dot based laser. To investigate the effect, different characteristics have been analyzed using quantum dot as the active layer material of the laser structure. Performance improvement of quantum dot laser using InN has been achieved in terms of minimization of the threshold current dependence such as mirror loss, modal gain, turn-on delay and so forth. Numerical results have been analyzed considering the values of threshold current densities of GaN, AlN and InN based quantum dot lasers. Analytical results show that internal loss increases linearly with the increase of the threshold current density. However, other characteristics like mirror loss, modal gain, turn-on delay have nonlinear dependence on the threshold current density for any material used in the active layer. The threshold current density of InN quantum dot based laser is lower than that of other existing quantum dot based lasers. Analytical results ascertained that mirror loss has been increased a little bit. Conversely, internal loss and modal gain have been minimized considerably using InN based quantum dot in the active layer of the laser structure. In addition, turn-on delay time has been also minimized significantly
Rain Attenuation at Tropical Region- Site Diversity Gain Models' Sensitivity
Get PDFRain is the major impairment to the signal propagation from satellite to earth. The signal that brings an important data might be lost in a sudden due to heavy rainfall especially in the region with tropics climate. The undesirable effect mainly occurred at above of 10 GHz signal frequency which is expected to bring more data compared to a lower frequency. One of the possible solutions that was proven to be effective to overcome this impairment is the implementation of site diversity. The empirical model that has been developed to measure the effectiveness of the diverse site is yet to be finalized in tropical region. This article compares ITU-R, Hodge, Panagopoulos, Semire and Yeo Model to observe their sensitivity to the major factors that contributes to the site diversity gain such as frequency, site separation distance, elevation angle and baseline orientation angle. These major factors are used as input to the models. The default factors’ value was set to 20.2 GHz frequency, 68.8° of elevation angle, 42.52 km site separation distance and 65° of baseline angle. The factors were interchangeably with 12.255 GHz frequency, 25° of elevation angle, 10 km distance and 4° of baseline angle, which created 16 sets of combinations. The percentages of increment or decrement of the gain predicted by each model with respect to the default parameter were calculated. In overall, each model has their own discrepancy towards these factors and a more dynamic model should be developed to improve the weaknesses.Rain is the major impairment to the signal propagation from satellite to earth. The signal that brings an important data might be lost in a sudden due to heavy rainfall especially in the region with tropics climate. The undesirable effect mainly occurred at above of 10 GHz signal frequency which is expected to bring more data compared to a lower frequency. One of the possible solutions that was proven to be effective to overcome this impairment is the implementation of site diversity. The empirical model that has been developed to measure the effectiveness of the diverse site is yet to be finalized in tropical region. This article compares ITU-R, Hodge, Panagopoulos, Semire and Yeo Model to observe their sensitivity to the major factors that contributes to the site diversity gain such as frequency, site separation distance, elevation angle and baseline orientation angle. These major factors are used as input to the models. The default factors’ value was set to 20.2 GHz frequency, 68.8° of elevation angle, 42.52 km site separation distance and 65° of baseline angle. The factors were interchangeably with 12.255 GHz frequency, 25° of elevation angle, 10 km distance and 4° of baseline angle, which created 16 sets of combinations. The percentages of increment or decrement of the gain predicted by each model with respect to the default parameter were calculated. In overall, each model has their own discrepancy towards these factors and a more dynamic model should be developed to improve the weaknesses
Computation of current-resistance photovoltaic model using reverse triangular number for photovoltaic emulator application
Get PDFPV emulator (PVE) is a power supply that produces similar current‑voltage (I‑V) characteristic as the PV module. It simplifies the testing of the PV system during the development phase. Since the output voltage and current of the PVE change based on various factors (load, irradiance and temperature), the computation of the operating point for the PVE is crucial. The resistance feedback control strategy is a robust and fast approach to find the operating point for the PVE. Nonetheless, it uses an uncommon current‑resistance PV model, which cannot be computed using the conventional approach. This work introduces the reverse triangular number to compute the PV model and obtained the operating point of the PVE. The reverse triangular number is based on the variable step sizes that allow fast computation of the PV model. The operating point is then used by the PI controller and the buck converter to produce the output voltage and current similar to the PV module. The results show that the reverse triangular number is able to compute the PV model accurately. In addition, the proposed PVE not only works well with resistive load but adapts accurately under the integration with maximum power point tracking converter
Reliability of graphene as charge storage layer in floating gate flash memory
Get PDFThis study aims to investigate the memory performances of graphene as a charge storage layer in the floating gate with difference doping concentration of n-channel and p-channel substrates using Silvaco ATLAS TCAD Tools. The simulation work has been done to determine the performance of flash memory in terms of memory window, P/E characteristics and data retention and have been validated with the experimental work done by other researchers. From the simulation data, the trend of memory window at low P/E voltage is nearly overlapped between simulation and experimental data. The memory window at ±20V P/E voltage for n-channel and p-channel flash memory cell are 15.4V and 15.6V respectively. The data retention for the n-channel flash memory cell is retained by 75% (from 15.4V to 11.6V) whereas for the p-channel flash memory cell is retained by 80% (from 15.6V to 12.5V) after 10 years of extrapolation with -1/1V gate stress which shows that p-channel flash memory cell demonstrates better data retention compared to n-channel flash memory cell