Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)
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Sliding mode control for altitude and attitude stabilization of quadrotor UAV with external disturbance
Get PDFThis paper addresses the problem of robust altitude and attitude control of ‘×’ mode configuration quadrotor UAV using Lyapunov stability based sliding mode control with saturation function. The dynamic model of the quadrotor was derived by considering nonlinearity factor. MATLAB Simulink was used to simulate the model in two different conditions; without and with the presence of external disturbance. This was done to test the robustness of the control method. Simulation results showed that the sliding mode controller provides good performance and robustness against disturbance
Application of diverse FACTS in AGC of multi-area interconnected energy systems
Get PDFThis article presents the simple and effective control design for active power regulation of modern energy delivery system. As an energy delivery system experiences the demand changes as per the demand of the modern energy users due to which the system frequency is highly troubled and fluctuating. To balance such demand changes and to stable the system occurrence fluctuations, the thyristor control phase shifter (TCPS) in synchronisation with super conducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) or TCPS in coordination with capacitive energy storage (CES) based model predictive control (MPC) technique are proposed. SMES-SMES and CES-CES configurations are also tested for energy delivery system. The effectiveness of the proposed system regulator design are guaranteed by analyzing the transient system performance under varying load pattern, sinusoidal load change and for system non-linearities. A comparative performance analysis between TCPS-SMES, TCPS-CES, SMES-SMES and CES-CES based MPC of energy system are tested and presented
Frequency reconfigurable substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity F-shaped slot antenna
Get PDFThis paper shows a frequency reconfigurable SIW F-slot suitable for some applications. Configurability is accomplished by embeddings PIN diode switches in the 'F' slot. The proposed antenna is equipped for exchanging between working band of 3.172 GHz to 3.606 GHz in four different narrow bands and it underpins the cognitive system for LTE2300, WiMAX and WLAN. For each case reflection coefficient is ascertained, it keeps up less than -10 dB all through the resonating frequency in all instances of diode switching. The electromagnetic energy is kept inside the cavity because of the frame of a metallic vias. In all instances of diodes exchanging, it's uncovered a decent effectiveness of efficiency and gain
On body e-shaped patch antenna for biomedical application
Get PDFAn E-shaped micro strip patch antenna is designed and analyzed in this paper which operates in MICS (402.0-406.0MHz) band. The Performance has been observed on a body of human phantom model as well as in free space with different conducting material for the designed antenna. The height of this antenna is taken 1.5mm from the ground plane. At resonance frequency of 405 MHz the S11 parameter is obtained in free space is -23.26dB for conducting material of aluminum and -17.96dB is measured on human phantom body at 405 MHz of resonance frequency. FR4 is used as substrate material. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is found to be 0.3562 W/kg by placing the antanna on human phantom model. VSWR and directivity has been analyzed also
An optimal voltage stability enhancement in the power systems by locating optimal place with more contingency risk
No full textThe electrical components of a power system network take advantage to supply, transmission and service electrical power. Abnormal flow of voltage through the transmission lines might lead to big causes. Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) devices are most frequently used device in the power to maintain the voltage stability. However, this device is costlier and cannot be fixed on every transmission line which would lead to more processing cost. Thus, the maintaining voltage stability of transmission lines with reduced production cost attracts a various researcher to find the novel approaches. In the existing system, to improve the stability of power system and minimize the losses by include the reactive power through TCSC device at applicable location by the algorithm of particle swarm optimization is available with the help of line stability index value. The PSO is constrained to poor exploitation problem which might generate inaccurate results. In the proposed research work, Biogeography Based Krill Herd (BBKH) method is used for optimal identification of TCSC's, STATCOM and UPFC size and location. Voltage collapse proximity indicator (VCPI) value is used in this work for the finding of the voltage instability measurement by finding the critical lines among the entire transmission lines. The proposed research effort is implemented in IEEE 39 test bus system using MATLAB software and verified, it furnishes improved outcome than other investigation methodologies
Effect of clock gating in conditional pulse enhancement flip-flop for low power applications
Get PDFFlip-Flops (FFs) play a fundamental role in digital designs. A clock system consumes above 25% of total system power. The use of pulse-triggered flip-flops (P-FFs) in digital design provides better performance than conventional flip-flop designs. This paper presents the design of a new power-efficient implicit pulse-triggered flip-flop suitable for low power applications. This flip-flop architecture is embedded with two key features. Firstly, the enhancement in width and height of triggering pulses during specific conditions gives a solution for the longest discharging path problem in existing P-FFs. Secondly, the clock gating concept reduces unwanted switching activities at sleep/idle mode of operation and thereby reducing dynamic power consumption. The post-layout simulation results in cadence software based on CMOS 90-nm technology shows that the proposed design features less power dissipation and better power delay performance (PDP) when compared with conventional P-FFs. Its maximum power saving against conventional designs is up to 30.65%
Insights on Significant Implication on Research Approach for Enhancing 5G Network System
Get PDFWith the exponential growth of mobile users, there is a massive growth of data as well as novel services to support such data management. However, the existing 4G network is absolutely not meant for catering up such higher demands of bandwidth utilization as well as servicing massive users with similar Quality of service. Such problems are claimed to be effectively addressed by the adoption of 5G networking system. Although the characteristics of 5G networking are theoretically sound, still it is under the roof of the research. Therefore, this paper presents a discussion about the conventional approach as well as an approach using cognitive radio network towards addressing the frequently identified problems of energy, resource allocation, and spectral efficiency. The study collects the existing, recent researches in the domain of 5G communications from various publications. Different from existing review work, the paper also contributes towards identifying the core research findings as well as a significant research gap towards improving the communication in the 5G network system
Hard Exudate Extraction from Fundus Images using Watershed Transform
Get PDFDiabetic Retinopathy is a medical condition which affects the eyes due to increased blood sugar levels. This is characterized by presence of exudates - deposits of lipids in the posterior pole of the retina. If this ailment is not treated in earlier stages these deposits can cause blurred vision or even permanent blindness. This paper concentrates on extraction of hard exudates and optic disc from the retinal images of eyes using Marker based Watershed approach, which uses the minima imposition method to create mask and marker. The varying contrast across all the images has been taken care by a non-linear equation. Once these bright objects have been extracted from fundus images, area estimation is performed to eliminate the optic disk, thus retaining only exudates. These images have been procured from publicly available databases. Though software systems are easy to install, they prove to be expensive in terms of time and cost; thus this method has also been implemented on FPGA for an on-chip solution. The precision and sensitivity for exudate extraction sans optic disk are found to be 92.4% and 83.78% respectively. Though other techniques exist which provide better accuracy, the method described in this paper is found to be hardware friendly in comparison with other proven methods. Few steps of the algorithm developed are implemented on FPGA to provide an embedded system approach to this work, considering the advantages of a hardware-software combination
State level attribute compliance measure based efficient access restriction improved security in cloud environment
Get PDFIn this paper, Advanced Encryption Standard was modified to address the low diffusion rate at the early rounds by adding additional primitive operations such as exclusive OR and modulo arithmetic in the cipher round. Furthermore, byte substitution and round constant addition were appended to the key schedule algorithm. The modified AES was tested against the standard AES by means of avalanche effect and frequency test to measure the diffusion and confusion characteristics respectively. The results of the avalanche effect evaluation show that there was an average increase in diffusion of 61.98% in round 1, 14.79% in round 2 and 13.87% in round 3. Consequently, the results of the frequency test demonstrated an improvement in the randomness of the ciphertext since the average difference between the number of ones to zeros is reduced from 11.6 to 6.4 along with better-computed p-values. The results clearly show that the modified AES has improved diffusion and confusion properties and the ciphertext can still be successfully decrypted and recover back the original plaintext
Fodder composition optimization using modified genetic algorithm
Get PDFDetermination of the fodder composition is a difficult process because it should simultaneously consider several constraints, such as minimizing the total cost of feed ingredients and maximizing the nutrient needs required by livestock. This study uses a modified genetic algorithm to solve the problem in order to obtain better results. The modification is done by applying numerical methods in generating an initial population of the genetic algorithm. Testing results show that the optimal parameters that can be used to produce the optimal solution are as follows: population size (popsize) is 300, generation number is 400, crossover rate (cr) value is 0.2, and mutation rate (mr) value is 0.6. The modified genetic algorithm provides an average fitness value of 0.142357, while the classical genetic algorithm provides an average fitness value of 0.094354. With additional computational time equal to 110 ms, the use of modified genetic algorithm offered has proven to provide a better result, with a higher fitness value compared with classical genetic algorithm