Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)
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Voice controlled Camera Assisted Pick and Place Robot Using Raspberry Pi
Get PDFModern monitoring systems or manufacturing machines have a major drawback as they depend on human operators who can easily get distracted or make mistakes, so a system is needed that can constantly monitor the desired area and make decisions while identifying a pre-trained object. Tracking objects with a camera is critical in any automated monitoring and tracking system. The main goal of this paper is to design and implement a robot that can distinguish objects based on their features, such as color and size, and based on artificial intelligence and image processing algorithms. The robot will analyze the video stream to detect the colored object, and specify its location inside the video frame. Using the detected position, the raspberry pi will decide the rotation direction whether it is to the right to the left, or forward until it reaches the object, grabs it and puts it in the robot's pocket. The main controlling unit of the system is the Raspberry Pi, the robot is equipped with a Wi-Fi modem to communicate with the mobile application, which is used to control the robot in two modes: manual mode, where the user can point the robot in any direction either by pressing function button or through voice commands. The second mode is the Automatic mode, where the user can ask the robot to detect an object according to a set of characteristics and grab it without any human intervention and based on a novel digital image processing object-tracking algorithm, the accuracy in voice command mode has reached 95%.
A Collision Avoidance Based Energy Efficient Medium Access Control Protocol for Clustered Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Get PDFUnderwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are typically deployed in energy constrained environments where recharging energy sources and replacing batteries are not viable. This makes energy efficiency in UWSNs a crucial directive to be followed during Medium Access Control (MAC) design. Multiplexing and scheduling based protocols are not ideal for UWSNs because of their strict synchronization requirements, longer latencies and constrained bandwidth.This paper presents the development and simulation analysis of a novel cross-layer communication based MAC protocol called Energy Efficient Collision Avoidance (EECA) MAC protocol. EECA-MAC protocol works on the principle of adaptive power control, controlling the transmission power based on the signal strength at the receiver. EECA-MAC enhances the conventional 4-way handshake to reduce carrier sensing by implementing an enhanced Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS) handshake and an improved back-off algorithm.Simulation analysis shows that the measures taken to achieve energy efficiency have a direct effect on the number of packet retransmissions. Compared to the Medium Access with Collision Avoidance (MACA) protocol, EECA-MAC shows a 40% reduction in the number of packets that are delivered after retransmissions. This reduction, coupled with the reduced signal interference, results in a 16% drop in the energy utilized by the nodes for data transmission
SISO System Model Reduction and Digital Controller Design using Nature Inspired Heuristic Optimisation Algorithms
Get PDFThis research article explores an algorithm to reduce the order of a SISO system and thereby to design a digital controller. The reduced order modelling of a large complex system eases out the analysis of the system. AGTM (Approximate Generalised Time Moments) method was implemented wherein the responses were matched at different time instants to achieve the reduced system. This research work devises a new method, Ensemble Framework for Optimized System (EFOS), resulting into a reduced system with better performance as compared to conventional techniques. The research also efforts towards effective utilization of various heuristic algorithms like Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization and Luus Jaakola Algorithm, their implementation and a comparison with other techniques based on relative mean square error and time complexity. It was observed that the proposed transfer learning based approach, EFOS, combining the advantages of Luus Jaakola and Genetic algorithms depicted better results than their individual counterparts on diverse performance parameters like speed of convergence and optimal convergence to global minima. The percentage improvement achieved in the time taken for design of the digital controller was 85.3%, with no change in delta value
Transformer-Less Cascaded Voltage Source Converter Based STATCOM
Get PDFIn this work, a transformer-less voltage source converter (VSC) based STATCOM is proposed with a combination of cascaded conventional three-phase voltage source inverters. This modular structure provides multilevel operation with reduced switch count and independent DC-link capacitors. The actual contribution of this paper is the transformer-less configuration of a conventional cascaded voltage source converter which provides reduced cost and volume as compared to other transformer-less converter configurations. The system provides reactive power compensation with better power quality when connected to the nonlinear power electronics load also. A simple control system is provided for balancing the Dc link capacitor voltage and reactive power compensation. The validation of the proposed model is analyzed with simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and the results are obtained with different linear and nonlinear load configurations
Optimal RoadSide Units Distribution Approach in Vehicular Ad hoc Network
Get PDFA vehicular ad hoc network is a particular type of ad hoc mobile network. It is characterized by high mobility and frequent disconnection between vehicles. For this, the roadside units (RSUs) deployment permits to enhance the network connectivity. The objective of this work is to provide an optimized RSUs placement for enhancing the network connectivity and maximizing the accident coverage with reducing the deployment cost. In this paper, we propose our approach called Optimized RoadSide units Deployment (ORSD). The proposed approach comprises a two-step, in the first step, ORSD finds the RSUs candidate locations based on network density and connectivity. We calculated the connectivity of each segment based on speed and arrival information’s. The second step permit to find the optimal solution of our proposed objective function. The objective function permits to enhance the network connectivity and maximizing the accident coverage. To find the optimal solution of our objective function is an NP-complete problem of order o(n²) . Therefore, we propose to solve this problem in two phases, so that it becomes a simple linear problem to solve. The ORSD is proposed for urban and high way scenarios. The extensive simulation study is conducted in order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach. We use the Simulator of Urban MObility (SUMO) for generating different traffic scenarios. We develop scripts to extract different information as density, speed and travel time in each segment. Then, we develop an algorithm to calculate connectivity probability for each segment. Then, we implement our objective function to finds optimal RSUs positions in terms of connectivity, accident cover and cost
PV Systems based High Gain Converter using CI and SCC Techniques
Get PDFIn this paper, new techniques of a CI and SCC-based step-up higher-level voltage DC_DC converter were implemented. The CI and SC charging and discharging the energy respectively to attain higher gain. The stress in switching volt level and inductance leakage is detached using the clamp circuitry. The reversed retrieval problem in the diode was eradicated with the help of Coupled Inductor (CI). The new topology to get more gain of the voltage and improved efficiency. The steady state analysis with the operation procedures of novel DC_DC converter is discussed here. In proposed model, input voltage is 24V & Vo is 410V, Pmax is 150W was given to get ηmaximum of 96.4%
Hinders of Cloud Computing Usage in Higher Education in Iraq: A Model Development
Get PDFCloud computing (CC) is a trendy technology that is being used in business and daily life. However, limited studies is found on higher education usage. The barriers and obstacles that confront the usage is not clear and in particular in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the barriers and obstacle that confront the usage CC services in Barash University in Iraq. Using the technology organization environment framework and the internal external factor (IE-TOE), the study proposed the conceptual framework. The data was collected from academic, non-academic staff and students using convivence sampling technique. The data was analyzed using Smart PLS. The findings showed that organizational obstacle followed by technological, internal and external factors, and environmental factors are the most severe obstacles that confront the university in using CC services. Decision makers can benefit from the developed model to ease the implementation of CC
Novel Robust Control Using a Fractional Adaptive PID Regulator for an unstable system
Get PDFRecent advances in fractional order calculus led to the improvement of control theory and resulted in potential use of fractional adaptive PID controller in advanced academic and industrial applications as compared to the conventional adaptive PID controller. Basically, a fractional order adaptive PID controller is an improved version of classical integer order adaptive PID controller that outperformed its classical counterpart. In case of a closed loop system, a minute change would result in instability of the overall system. An efficient PID controller can be used to control the response of such system. Among various parameters of an instable system, speed of the system is an important parameter to be controlled efficiently. The current research work presents the speed controlling mechanism for an uncertain instable system by using fractional order adaptive PID controller.To validate the arguments, effectiveness and robustness of the proposed fractional order adaptive PID controller have been studied in comparison to the classical adaptive PID controller using The Criterion of quadratic error. Simulation findings and comparisons demonstrated that the proposed controller has superior control performance and outstanding robustness in terms of percentage overshoot, settling time, rising time, and disturbance rejection
Forecasting and Clustering of Cassava Price by Machine Learning (A study of Cassava prices in Thailand)
Get PDFForecasting and Clustering the price of cassava is essential for agriculture, but the difficult part of forecasting is price fluctuation, in which the fact of prices is going up and down and be changed monthly. The paper proposes to forecast the price of Cassava by machine learning. The process had been calculated by the price of Cassava from January 2005 to February 2022, which has been collected for 17 years by the Office of Agricultural Economics, Ministry of Agriculture, and Cooperatives. The research on forecasting found that the method of Support Vector Machine including using add-on feature with Garlic Price and Potato Price showing the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) with the lowest point as of 0.10. If comparing to the Conventional method with the equal database. The result shows that the proposed method demonstrates the value of the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) as 3.35%, it displays more effectively as 0.61%. For the final process of clustering the price by analyzing with K-mean, the result came up with a peak pricing period in December of 14.08%. Subsequently, the agricultures would apply the research result to implement their planting plan for profit-making
Vedic-Based Squarers with High Performance
Get PDFSquaring operation represents a vital operation in various applications involving image processing, rectangular to polar coordinate conversion, and many other applications. For its importance, a novel design for a 6-bit squarer basing on the Vedic multiplier (VM) is offered in this work. The squarer design utilizes dedicated 3-bit squarer modules, a (3*3) VM, and an improved Brent-Kung Carry-Select Adder (IBK-CSLA) with the amended design of XOR gate to perform fast partial-products addition. The 6-bit squarer circuit can readily be expanded for larger sizes such as 12-bit and 24-bit numbers which are useful for squaring the mantissa part of 32-bit floating-point numbers. The paper also offers three architectures for 24- bit squarer using pipelining concept used in various stages. All these squaring circuits are designed in VHDL and implemented by Xilinx ISE13.2 and FPGA. The synthesis results reveal that the offered 6-bit, 12- bit, and 24- bit squarer circuits introduce eminent outcomes in terms of delay and area when utilizing IBK-CSLA with amended XOR gate. Also, it is found that the three architectures of 24- bit squarer present dissimilar delay and area, and the architecture design based on 3-bit squarer modules with (3*3) VM introduces the lowest area and delay