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What Interventions Impact Migration in the Eastern Neighbourhood and Central Asia
No full textThis rapid literature review explores the evidence about what types of interventions impact migration flows in the Eastern Neighbourhood and Central Asia regions (including both overseas development assistance (ODA) and non-ODA programming). The regions are defined as: Eastern Neighbourhood: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. While there is a growing body of research on global migration flows, including relating to the countries within the two regions of focus of this paper, there is little detailed analysis on the impact of interventions on these flows.</p
Defining and Measuring Sustainability in Programming
No full textThis paper discusses sustainability in programming, specifically how it is defined and can be promoted and measured; it does not discuss sustainability in the context of ecological systems. There is limited evidence of the extent to which sustainability in programming is being achieved, as opposed to judgments made at the end of an intervention, or very soon after it (through impact evaluation or assessments of project performance), that it might. This is complicated by the fact that what sustainability might look like, as well as the pathways to reach it, are highly context-specific.</p
Beyond Digital Displacement: Accountability in South Africa’s Digitalised South Protection System
No full textSouth Africa's shift to digital social protection systems creates tensions between constitutional rights to social security and efficiency-driven technology reforms. This study, conducted as part of the DISPACT project, investigates the impact of digital innovations on accountability relationships within the country's social protection system. The research focuses specifically on how people use digital interfaces when accessing constitutional rights. Through analysis of the Social Relief of Distress grant and historical payment system changes, the research reveals 'accountability displacement' where citizens struggle to identify who is responsible when digital systems fail them. Digital systems systematically exclude vulnerable populations through design choices that prioritise efficiency over people's rights, creating dependency on others to help with applications. Current complaint mechanisms function as administrative exercises rather than effective tools for holding government accountable. The study also examines how digital tools can serve as evidence-gathering mechanisms for citizen participation, enabling communities to document problems and advocate for improvements in social protection delivery. Despite South Africa's strong constitutional framework, digitalisation proceeds without meaningful citizen involvement in system design. The research identifies opportunities for change through addressing tensions between technological efficiency and participatory inclusion, requiring accountability to be built into system design rather than added afterwards. The study proposes pathways for hybrid digital-analogue integration that ensures digital tools amplify rather than replace offline participation mechanisms, alongside context-responsive approaches that enable meaningful citizen voice in system design decisions.</p
Feminist Digital Citizenship in Africa: Agency, Rights and Resistance
No full textThis open access edited collection offers the first-ever book-length volume on feminist digital citizenship in Africa. It offers multiple, theoretically grounded case studies by African researchers covering countries across the length and breadth of the continent, including non-majority-English countries such as Malawi, Mozambique, and Senegal, which tend to receive less coverage in Anglophone scholarship.These studies newly identify uniquely African practices of digital feminist activism. In so doing, they further develop our understanding feminist digital citizenship, especially when it comes to globally relevant themes such as intersections between gender and class and between gender and religion. This leads in turn to new insights into the developmental phases and overall nature of digital social movements more generally.</p
Digital-ID in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Country Report
No full textThe Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) does not yet have a functioning digital identification (digital-ID) system, despite repeated announcements and facilitating legislation. This study assesses the current situation of preparedness for the implementation of the digital-ID project using the Centre for Internet and Society (CIS) framework of tests. The report starts with an overview of the historical evolution of identification of citizens, beginning with the paper-based colonial systems.The report highlights the most widely used and known form of functional ID in DRC, the Carte d’électeur (Voter Card), which was designed to serve for electoral purposes and as a provisional national ID but ended up being used (and is still used) as the de facto national ID. The study concludes with a set of recommendations to various stakeholders in their respective roles in order to ensure, among other recommendations, that citizens’ rights are well taken care of during all phases of the project.</p
Digital-ID in Tunisia: Country Report
No full textThis report assesses the current state of Tunisia’s digital identification (digital-ID) by examining its legislation and governance, evaluating its alignment with the rule of law, and conducting rights-based and risk-based analyses. Specifically, it addresses: what the current state of digital-ID in Tunisia is; what legislative framework and governance mechanisms exist; and how these elements satisfy rule of law, rights-based, and risk-based tests.The report relies on the Centre for Internet and Society (CIS)’s framework for the evaluation of digital-ID. It firstly provides context by examining the history of ID systems in the country, assessing the current level of digital penetration and the existing ID system overview. Next, an evaluation of the preparatory digital-ID law is conducted through three key lenses: examining the clarity and comprehensiveness of governing legislation using rule of law tests; analysing the impact on citizen rights using rights-based tests; and identifying potential risks and mitigation responses using risk-based tests. The report concludes by presenting concluding observations and recommendations.</p
Notas sobre os autores dos artigos em português
No full textNotas sobre os autores dos artigos em português.</p
Serious and Organised Crime in South Africa
No full textThis rapid literature review explores the main serious and organised crime (SOC) markets, actors, and dynamics in South Africa. It particularly draws on literature from think tanks and practitioner sources, due to the applied nature of the question and its proximity to foreign policy and security interests, as well as academic and policy sources. Literature and data are limited by the illicit nature of the subject. Due to the limited timeframe for this work, this rapid literature review is illustrative of the main issues and is not comprehensive.</p
The Global Politics of Social Assistance in Protracted Crises
No full textThe global politics around protracted crises has shifted, with more commitment from donors to engage in these settings. Over the past 20 years, international support for social protection has grown, but efforts remain concentrated in more stable countries. Despite a rhetorical commitment to engaging in crises with contested governance, most international aid continues to route through humanitarian channels. However, an emerging social protection first agenda calls for using social protection channels as a starting point for crisis interventions. Yet, the extent to which this agenda percolates out into protracted crisis settings is variable, as is domestic ownership, particularly in a time of steep international aid cuts.</p
Women Frontline Workers and Social Assistance in Yemen
No full textIn Yemen, women social assistance workers play crucial roles in enabling cash transfer programmes to be responsive to the needs of women and girls. In their roles in communities affected by conflict, poverty, and social inequalities, these workers take on heavy workloads, heavy responsibilities, and personal risk. Frontline women workers delivering internationally funded cash transfers in two governorates (Aden and Hadramout) shared that there are few attempts to enhance their recruitment, promotion, and employment terms, and little support for their safety and mental health. Improving social assistance in Yemen requires better pay, leadership opportunities, and support for women frontline workers.</p