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Soutenir la réponse à l’épidémie de mpox pour les personnes de diverses orientations sexuelles, identités de genre et/ou expressions de genre dans des contextes où leurs droits sont restreints
No full textLes personnes ayant diverses orientations sexuelles, identités de genre et/ou expressions de genre (OSIEG) constituent une population difficile à atteindre. Cela est dû à des cadres juridiques restrictifs, à l'exclusion sociale, à la stigmatisation et à la discrimination dans la prestation de services. Comme les personnes de diverses OSIEG évitent souvent de se faire soigner dans les centres de santé publics, les services de santé liés à la mpox risquent de ne pas leur parvenir. La recherche des contacts peut être entravée par les lois qui criminalisent les relations entre personnes de même sexe. Dans les contextes où les lois sur la sodomie sont appliquées et où des arrestations ont lieu, le fait de mentionner les partenaires de même sexe peut être assimilé à l'aveu d'un comportement criminel, et le fait de fournir les coordonnées des partenaires sexuels leur fait courir de graves risques.Les lois qui criminalisent les relations entre personnes de même sexe ne criminalisent pas la prestation de services aux personnes de diverses OSIEG, mais elles justifient la marginalisation et peuvent encourager la prestation de services discriminatoires. Les prestataires de soins de santé et les travailleurs humanitaires qui soutiennent la riposte mpox doivent connaître le cadre et l'impact de ces lois restrictives pour les aider à atteindre efficacement les personnes de diverses OSIEG sans se mettre en danger ou mettre en danger leurs patients.Cette note fournit une analyse socio-comportementale des vulnérabilités, des risques et des considérations opérationnelles clés qui en découlent pour travailler avec des personnes de diverses OSIEG dans le cadre de la réponse au virus mpox. L'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) a déclaré la deuxième urgence de santé publique de portée internationale (PHEIC) en août 2024. Les considérations de cette note sont particulièrement pertinentes étant donné que dans les pays les plus touchés par la mpox, les personnes de diverses OSIEG sont au mieux stigmatisées et au pire criminalisées, ce qui nécessite une approche prudente pour s'assurer qu'elles sont atteintes de manière adequate par les réponses sanitaires, sans créer d'autres préjudices. Cette note fournit des informations contextuelles et des recommandations pratiques aux travailleurs humanitaires et aux prestataires de soins de santé qui interviennent en cas d'épidémies de mpox dans des contextes qui restreignent les droits liés à l'OSIEG, en se concentrant plus particulièrement sur les contextes africains. Ce document donne un aperçu de l'épidémiologie de mpox chez les gays, les bisexuels et les autres hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes (gbHARSAH) et explique les vulnérabilités médicales et sociales spécifiques de ce groupe. La note donne ensuite un aperçu des cadres juridiques pertinents en République démocratique du Congo (RDC), en Ouganda, au Nigeria et au Burundi. Ces pays ont signalé un nombre élevé de cas de mpox lors de la dernière épidémie, et la note explique les conséquences du cadre juridique de chaque pays pour les soins de santé et la fourniture de l'aide humanitaire.</p
Applying Evidence to Policy and Practice in Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Findings and Implications of the USAID Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Partnerships and Learning for Sustainability (WASHPaLS) Project
No full textWASHPaLS was a 5-year USAID project designed to generate and disseminate evidence in WASH, with a focus on rural sanitation and hygiene.This presentation provides top-line findings of WASHPaLS project across three primary research areas:Learning how to improve interventions intended to elevate demand for improved sanitation (e.g., CLTS).Understanding how to increase the capacity of markets to deliver onsite sanitation products and services to underserved populations.Investigating the opportunities to create hygienic home environments - reducing disease risks to infants and young children from exposure to animal excreta in home environments where domestic animal husbandry takes place.</p
Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion Self-Assessment Tool
No full textThe Gender Equality Disability and Social Inclusion Self-Assessment Tool (GEDSI SAT) is a facilitation guide for climate resilience and development program managers, GEDSI advisers, researchers and interested members of staff that is designed to support individual and collective reflective practice on the extent and quality of gender equality, disability and social inclusion work in programs and organisations. Drawing on a wealth of experience from across Water for Women (WfW) projects, partners and cross-sectoral collaborators, and building on the original WASH focused GESI SAT co-created by WfW and the Sanitation Learning Hub (SLH) in 2021, this revised cross-sectoral GEDSI SAT has an explicit climate resilience focus and is grounded in locally led approaches and deep learning.</p
Skill and Deskilling in an Uncertain Agricultural World: Introduction to the special issue
No full textThis is the introductory paper to the June 2025 Outlook on Agriculture Special Issue on agricultural deskilling. As such it provides conceptual and case material to allow a broad range of agriculturally oriented readers to engage with the other seven papers in the issue. Following an exploration of different perspectives on skill, the paper introduces in broad terms the general argument about deskilling. The focus then narrows to the treatment of skill within agricultural development, before turning to the heart of the matter - agricultural deskilling. Finally, the papers in the collection are briefly introduced.</p
Can Social Protection Programmes Promote Livelihoods and Climate Resilience in Conflict‑Affected Settings? Evidence from Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme
No full textThe paper discusses the growing interest in using social protection to address climate-related vulnerabilities and strengthen resilience, particularly in conflict-affected settings. It examines the Productive Safety Net Programme in Ethiopia, highlighting that while social assistance offers a protective function, it falls short of reducing long-term vulnerabilities, especially in settings characterised by multidimensional and enduring stressors and shocks. The assistance provided is often inadequate, leaving recipients to rely on their own resources. The paper emphasises that improving livelihoods is possible with additional resources, consistent funding to fulfil programme functions, integration with complementary sectors and effective public services, alongside measures to ensure peace and stability.</p
The Political Economy of Energy Transition in MENA
No full textThe combustion of fossil fuels for energy is responsible for over 80% of anthropogenic (human-caused) greenhouse gas emissions, meaning that there is no viable pathway to limiting global warming without a fundamental, rapid and deep transformation of the way societies across the world produce and consume energy. The narrative regarding the impact of energy transitions in the prominent oil producing countries in the MENA region has focused on the potentially adverse effect on economies posed by lower revenues. However, the region’s vulnerability to the impacts of climate change means that it has a significant stake in mitigating the rise in greenhouse gas emissions. Oil producing countries in the MENA region have for long embraced the rentier system whereby oil revenues have been distributed to citizens in return for no political representation.The production of hydrocarbons is thus deeply intertwined with politics in this region. This is why these countries face enormous challenges to keep pace with the energy transition worldwide. Sizable energy subsidies in the region constitute the one of the main obstacles facing the transition to clean energy in the region. Gradual removal of these subsidies along with campaigns to inform the public about the benefits of moving away from fossil fuels were successful in mitigating any potential political unrest in several countries in the region. The energy transition is underway in the region albeit the pace is slow. Many countries have set Nationally Determined Contributions as well as targets to generate energy from renewables. The essential question that MENA regimes face is whether energy transition can potentially disrupt the existing status-quo or create new economic opportunities that can be usefully harnessed to maintain economic---and therefore, political---stability.The prospects for transition will therefore be inherently viewed through the prism of what these might mean for regime survival and durability. MENA regimes are likely to cherry pick from the transition menu to ensure that it delivers new political mileage—or, at least, is less politically disruptive. The political economy logic of reform is therefore central to appreciate the direction, pace, and nature of energy transition currently underway in MENA states. In assessing the political economy of energy transition, it is important to recognize that the consequent challenges and opportunities posed by such a transition are likely to vary across different MENA states.</p
Strengthening Community and Community Engagement Infrastructure for Better Pandemic and Emergency Preparedness at the Local Level
No full textThis evidence brief draws on anthropological research in Ealing, a borough in Northwest London, to demonstrate how investing in community engagement infrastructure is fundamental to pandemic preparedness. While traditional preparedness often focuses on plans and protocols, the Ealing experience shows that the ability to rapidly mobilise trusted community relationships may be more critical for effective emergency response. Such relationships enable both broad public cooperation with emergency measures and targeted support for diverse groups, including those who are often marginalised or harder to reach through conventional one-size-fits-all approaches. This brief provides insights and key considerations for local authorities and health system actors with regard to strengthening these essential foundations. Its findings are particularly applicable to other superdiverse urban contexts, but key messages will also resonate in other local settings across the UK.</p
Rapid Scoping Review 2025: Argentina
No full textThe rollback of women’s rights and of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and more (LGBT+) rights in Argentina has escalated since the election of President Javier Milei in 2023. The response to these rollbacks, however, has been limited, particularly considering Argentina’s history of mass mobilisations. The environment has made it difficult for feminist and LGBT+ movements to regain the momentum. This brief explores anti-rollback actors, counter-rollback strategies, and gaps and areas for future research and work in Argentina.</p
Dynamique transfrontalière entre le Burundi et la Tanzanie dans le contexte des épidémies de fièvre hémorragique virale, 2025
No full textCette note résume les principales considérations relatives à la dynamique transfrontalière entre la République du Burundi et la République-Unie de Tanzanie dans le contexte des épidémies de fièvre hémorragique virale (FHV) en Tanzanie et en République d'Ouganda. Le 13 janvier 2025, l'Organisation mondiale de la santé a signalé un foyer suspect de maladie à virus de Marburg (MVM) dans la région de Kagera, au nord-ouest de la Tanzanie. Le 20 janvier 2025, le gouvernement tanzanien a officiellement déclaré l'existence d'un foyer. Au 26 février 2025, on dénombrait 10 décès dus à deux cas confirmés et huit cas probables dans les districts de Biharamulo et de Muleba, dans la région de Kagera. Il s'agit du deuxième foyer de MVM dans la région de Kagera. En 2023, il y a eu huit cas confirmés et un cas probable, avec six décès, dans le district de Bukoba. L'origine de ces foyers n'a pas encore été confirmée.Le 30 janvier 2025, le gouvernement ougandais a déclaré une épidémie de maladie à virus du Soudan (MDS) à Kampala, la capitale. La MVE est l'un des six virus connus du genre Ebolavirus et l'un des quatre capables de provoquer la maladie à virus Ebola (MVE) chez l'homme et d'autres primates ; c'est le seul membre de l'espèce Sudan Ebolavirus. Au 5 mars 2025, 14 cas ont été confirmés, dont quatre décès. Il s'agit de la sixième épidémie de maladie à virus du Soudan en Ouganda. La précédente, en 2022, avait entraîné 164 cas et 55 décès.La MVM et la SVD sont des FHV. Toutes deux peuvent se propager entre humains par contact direct avec des fluides corporels infectés ou par l'intermédiaire de surfaces et de matériaux contaminés. Le potentiel de propagation des FHV dans les pays voisins rend cruciale la compréhension de la dynamique à la frontière entre le Burundi et la Tanzanie.Cette note est basée sur un examen rapide de la littérature publiée et grise existante, de documents programmatiques, de recherches ethnographiques antérieures en Tanzanie et de discussions informelles avec des collègues du pays.</p
Grass-roots Innovation for Justice in Urban Food Provisioning
No full textThis paper draws on an international research collaboration to examine grass-roots innovations in food provisioning in five urban locations. These include affordable food projects, comprising social supermarkets and a vegetable box delivery scheme, in Brighton & Hove, UK; an affordable food project targeting black communities in Toronto, Canada; a food fund piloted in Montpellier, France; Solidarity Kitchens in São Paulo, Brazil; and primary school gardens in Cape Town, South Africa. The paper examines the innovative features of these experiences, their comparison to conventional food banks, and their transformative impact on existing food aid narratives and practices. Grass-roots food provisioning models gained traction during the Covid-19 pandemic to address increased food insecurity and offer dignified, culturally appropriate support amid lockdowns. The challenges encountered by these innovations comprise their dependence on surplus food, logistical problems, funding limitations, and the requirement for ongoing volunteer support. Transformative aspects include their empowerment of marginalised groups, fostering of community alliances, and shifting of perspectives on food insecurity, aiming to create sustainable and just local food systems. The paper concludes by emphasising the need for funding to consolidate innovations as well as collaboration between researchers and practitioners to constructively scrutinise innovations and build knowledge on lived experience of food insecurity and injustice. International comparison and learning can enhance capacities, methodologies, and help develop justice-informed alternatives to the prevailing food aid model.</p