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Multilateral Technology Governance
No full textThe global technological landscape—especially the digital landscape—is changing rapidly. This rapid rate of change presents new opportunities and new challenges, especially considering the cross-border effects of these technologies.The report will present governance mechanisms by technology, placing a particular focus on AI governance. Noting that the terms tangible and intangible technologies are terms of art generally applied in the non-proliferation context, they are useful beyond the non?proliferation realm and will be used to organize this report. This report will sort technologies into the general categories of intangible and tangible technologies, placing a particular emphasis on presenting the relevant governing mechanisms for artificial intelligence (AI) technologies.</p
Community Engagement for Public Health in Cleveland, Ohio, United States
No full textThis short report describes findings from the Cleveland, Ohio site of the ‘Community Engagement in Pandemic Preparedness (CEPP)’ project. The aim of this study was to yield practical and operationally relevant lessons from COVID-19 and ongoing work to improve community engagement (CE) and outreach for epidemic and pandemic preparedness that addresses health equity.</p
Rapid Scoping Review 2025: Brazil
No full textThe Brazilian government made significant strides in advancing rights for women and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex and more (LGBTI+) people since 2000. However, in 2016, President Dilma Rousseff was impeached in a parliamentary coup and Michel Temer, her former vice-president and a centre-right politician, took over as president. During his administration, there was a systematic rollback of policies aimed at promoting gender equality. This document studies key actions and strategies employed by seven feminist and LGBTI+ organisations to counter rollback in the country.</p
Evidence Generation from the Gender and Nutrition Sensitive 1,000 Days in Social Cash Transfer pilot. Final report
No full textTo more effectively reduce poverty and simultaneously improve the nutrition and health of vulnerable children under two years old, as well as pregnant, breastfeeding women, and adolescent girls, the Ministry of Community Development and Social Services (MCDSS), with technical assistance from UNICEF under the United Nations Joint Programme for Social Protection (UNJPSP – Phase II), is implementing the 1,000 Days in SCT pilot. This initiative is financially supported by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), the Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC), and Irish Aid. The pilot targets the critical first 1,000 days of life (from conception to 24 months), a period vital for optimal child growth and development. It combines cash transfers with nutrition and health services, benefiting up to 12,500 households in four pilot districts across Zambia: Chipata, Kalabo, Mpika, and Mwinilunga.A consortium of researchers from the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) in the UK and the Department of Social Work & Sociology at the University of Zambia used a combination of evaluation and implementation research to evaluate both the effectiveness and implementation outcomes of the 1,000 Days in SCT pilot.This final report presents a synthesis of all collected data, including quantitative and qualitative baseline data (collected between October and December 2022), a second round of qualitative data (collected between April and May 2023), the quantitative endline survey and a third round of qualitative data (both collected between October and December 2023), and a fourth round of qualitative data (collected between May and June 2024). Internal Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) data are also included. This report also includes an impact assessment of the pilot, based on a quasi-experimental analysis, comparing outcomes between the treatment group (new beneficiaries who received cash transfers and health and nutrition services) and the comparison group (who did not receive these benefits) across all four pilot districts. Previous reports validated by MCDSS, UNICEF, and other key stakeholders, include the Inception Report, the Baseline Report, the Mixed Methods Midline Report, and the Year 2 Report.</p
Issue-Based Programming and Coalitions: Evidence of Effectiveness and Approaches to Providing Support
No full textEvidence from case studies across Asia and Africa demonstrates that issue-based programmes and coalitions have been successful in delivering results in a diverse range of country contexts, particularly in areas of service delivery and economic growth. However, there have not been any formal, thematic, multi-programme evaluations comparing the effectiveness of issue-based programmes and traditional programmes in general. The evidence base appears fairly limited, relying largely on idiosyncratic case studies with a shortage of rigorous and independent evaluations.</p
Lessons for the Design and Implementation of Delivery Approaches in the Development Context
No full textThis rapid evidence review focusses on the use of delivery approaches for development. It assesses whether a delivery approach to improve service delivery outcomes can be effective. The review highlights the contexts in which delivery approaches can be most impactful. Case studies are used as examples to illustrate strengths and weaknesses of delivery approaches, different implementation approaches and the contexts in which delivery approaches function best to produce desired outcomes.</p
Pakistan’s Potential Value-Added Exports for Economic Transformation
No full textThis rapid review synthesises the literature from academic sources and knowledge institutions on the evidence what sub-sectors have the best potential for value-added exports that can contribute to the structural economic transformation of Pakistan. The focus of the review is on agriculture and manufacturing. It concludes that Pakistan has export opportunities, mainly in agriculture and in some specific manufacturing industries. However, the review also shows that Pakistan faces some important challenges to compete with regional competitors in the global and regional markets.</p
Tax Revenue Mobilisation in Conflict-affected Developing Countries
No full textTaxation is central to state building in post-conflict states. This reflects both the urgent need for revenue during post-conflict reconstruction and the broader governance implications of taxation related to state capacity building and the expansion of governmental responsiveness and accountability. In European states, taxation was historically central to enabling war and a longstanding literature suggests that conflict, or its threat, may increase tax collection.However, this centrality is not reflected in existing practice or research. It is unclear whether theoretical findings about the relationship between conflict and taxation hold in contemporary developing countries, given the prevalence of intrastate conflict, weak national identities, weak states and access to external sources of funding. It is likely that conflict will actually reduce revenue mobilisation due to its negative effects on economic activity, the tax base, tax collection and public administration.These anticipated findings have not been tested empirically using reliable data that isolates aid and resource revenues and disaggregates tax revenue type. Accordingly, this paper addresses an old question – How does conflict affect revenue mobilisation? – with newly available, high-quality data on government revenues.Using the UNU-WIDER Government Revenue Database, we explore longitudinal trends of tax revenue mobilisation prior to, during and after conflict in selected countries that have experienced conflict since 1980. This medium-N trend analysis explores the relationship between tax revenue performance and conflict characteristics. It provides a contemporary counterpoint to theories of the role of taxation in war making and state building.Summary of article published in the Journal of International Development.</p
Humanitarian Learning Resource Guide
No full textThis resource guide from the Knowledge for Development and Diplomacy programme (K4DD) is designed to provide the UK Government’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) staff and other interested parties with information about free online courses and materials they can use to develop or refresh their humanitarian technical competencies. It is not an exhaustive list but provides a starting point for those working to support FCDO’s humanitarian objectives. Further resources may be added. The listing does not attempt to provide a sector-by-sector guide. It briefly explains what each course or resource is, what it covers and how long it takes (where information is available). The courses and resources are mostly aimed at people with at least an awareness or foundational level of knowledge about humanitarian response or development, but some are focused more at practitioner and expert levels. Most online courses require registration and can be started whenever the user wants. Inclusion in this list does not mean that courses or resources are officially endorsed by FCDO or the Knowledge for Development and Diplomacy programme.</p
The Potential of Digital ID Systems for Tax Administration: the Case of Ghana
No full textGrowing interest in building digital public infrastructure stems from the belief that robust digital identification systems (DIS) can drive significant development gains. Foundational DIS provide unique identifiers to manage identity data across public and private transactions (World Bank 2024). They enable governments to integrate data, facilitating improvements in taxation, public financial management, and social protection. In low-income countries (LICs) DIS can enhance taxpayer registration by linking individuals to verified IDs, reducing errors and reliance on self-reporting (Santoro, Prichard and Mascagni 2024). This is particularly relevant in Africa, where curbing informality and achieving ambitious registration targets is a priority. DIS can identify informal operators, streamline registration, and improve taxpayer experience by reducing compliance costs and increasing transparency. Better data quality from DIS also helps monitoring and enforcement, ensuring compliance and enabling data-driven governance. As this study shows, while ID data can help tax administration to register taxpayers and raise more revenue, to fully unlock the potential from ID systems more effort is needed to target enforcement, improve services, and integrate systems.Summary of ICTD African Tax Administration Paper 39.</p