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K4DD Agrifood Evidence and Discourse Summary No 3
No full textMonthly Agrifood Evidence and Discourse Summaries aim to signpost FCDO and others to the latest relevant evidence on food and agriculture in low- and middle-income countries. Evidence is selected based on relevance, particularly around three key topics:Intersection between Food & Agriculture with the natural environment (e.g. Biodiversity).Food & Agriculture evidence on poverty reduction and inclusive development.Link between Food & Agriculture and resilience to food insecurity.</p
Understanding Digital Rights: An Illustrated Guide
No full textThis report provides an illustrated guide to understanding digital rights: what they are, why we need them, and where they come from. It provides an explanation of what they mean in terms of legal entitlements, and how they can be used to evaluate the introduction of new technologies, projects, or policies.It emphasises the importance of collective action to secure for everyone the ability to exercise, defend, and expand their rights, and to promote the introduction of legislation and changes in norms and practices. It also suggests that the introduction of power analysis to the digital rights framework could add significant value in understanding hierarchies of ability to exercise, defend, and expand digital rights in practice. The report concludes by providing information on digital rights organisations which are active in addressing digital rights violations.</p
Global Rules, Local Challenges: Peru's Adoption of International Tax Standards
No full textThis qualitative country case study examines the implementation of transfer pricing, tax treaties, exchange of information, and digital services tax standards in Peru, assessing their effectiveness, key drivers, and challenges. The study is part of the ICTD research project ‘Comparative Perspectives on International Tax from the Global South’. Peru’s alignment with OECD standards, motivated in part by its pursuit of membership, has led to significant tax policy and administrative reforms. The findings reveal that Peru successfully managed standards adoption by prioritising the country's needs, addressing resistance from business groups and dealing with local challenges before the full implementation of standards. Despite this notable progress, political instability, institutional limitations and business opposition continue to hinder the full implementation of standards.</p
Implementation of International Tax Standards in Zambia
No full textThis paper examines how Zambia adopts and implements international tax standards that are set or developed by various multilateral institutions. The study is part of the comparative ICTD research project ‘Comparative Perspectives on International Tax from the Global South’. The paper establishes that the main players and factors in the adoption process are the government itself, the Zambia Revenue Authority, civil society organisations, the political environment, the state of the economy, investor demands and the country’s membership of multilateral institutions.The paper observes that, in most cases, Zambia is a laggard in the adoption and implementation of these standards. This slowness is attributable mainly to a lack of awareness of the revenue benefits of a particular international tax standard, technical and technological incapacity, bureaucratic processes and lack of a guiding policy document on international taxation. Further, where a measure has been adopted, domestication and maintenance of the measure have been problematic. Tax treaty maintenance has particularly been poor, with the country still being bound by outdated treaties.While the country is making great strides in building tax administration capacity, not much has been done in building judicial capacity. Both the Tax Appeals Tribunal and the higher courts face difficult challenges when handling international taxation matters, particularly transfer pricing.</p
Pedestrians’ Perceptions of the Role of the Built Environment Towards Pedestrian Safety in Kampala city, Uganda: a Phenomenological Study
No full textBackground Pedestrians accounted for 39% of road traffic fatalities in Kampala city in 2021. This qualitative study therefore sought to understand people’s perceptions of the role of the built environment (BE) in relation to pedestrian injury in order to complement findings from quantitative approaches in a previous phase of the study on the relationship between the BE and pedestrian injury and death.Methods We employed a phenomenological approach using qualitative research methods to conduct 14 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 13 semistructured interviews (SSIs) with market vendors, commuter taxi drivers, commercial motorcyclists, university students, community leaders, commuter taxi and motorcycle operator leaders, and traffic officers. We ensured participant diversity in age and gender to enhance credibility and achieve saturation. We applied both deductive (guides that had themes from previous research) and inductive (allowed new themes to also emerge from the data itself) coding approaches. During thematic analysis, we grouped similar codes into subcategories and themes.Results Participants highlighted challenges pedestrians encountered in their interaction with the BE, including encroachment on pedestrian spaces, poor road use behaviour, infrastructural deficiencies, poorly planned traffic flow, high-risk land use patterns and lack of safety considerations at construction zones, as major contributors to pedestrian injuries.Conclusions and recommendations This study reveals how the built environment in Kampala puts pedestrians at daily risk through poor infrastructure, unsafe crossings and behavioural gaps. These lived experiences must not be overlooked. Urban planners and decision-makers must urgently integrate community perspectives into road and land-use design to make Kampala’s streets safer for all.</p
Unlocking the Potential of Small and Medium Businesses and Entrepreneurs in the Clean Energy Transition
No full textThis report highlights outcomes and recommendations from the T20 Side Event ‘Unlocking the Potential of Small and Medium Businesses and Entrepreneurs in the Clean Energy Transition’, held in Johannesburg on 17 October 2025. It presents seven recommendations for concrete steps to turn the G20’s principles into practice, with South Africa’s presidency positioned as a crucial catalyst for this transformation.</p
K4DD Humanitarian Evidence and Discourse Summary October
No full textThis monthly Humanitarian Evidence and Discourse Summary aims to signpost FCDO and others to the latest relevant evidence and discourse on humanitarian action. It is structured around FCDO humanitarian framework themes:Protect: Protect civilians, IDPs, refugees, marginalised groups including women and girls, and humanitarian access.Prioritise: Prioritise effective humanitarian assistance to people in greatest need.Prevent: Prevent and anticipate future shocks and rebuild resilience in protracted and recurring crises.This summary covers October 2025.</p
Innovative Programmes in the Governance Sector
No full textThis review gives examples of effective and innovative governance programmes, which move away from ‘traditional’ donor-driven approaches. The examples have been selected to be diverse in terms of geographic region and aspect of governance (access to justice, citizen participation, accountability, etc.). Other considerations were: large-scale (ideally nationwide) implementation; relevance for other countries (both in terms of challenges faced and approach taken); local ownership; and cost effectiveness (including non-reliance on donor funds). All the programmes feature in evaluation and research literature; the review is based largely on academic literature, as well as some reports by international development organisations.</p
Energy Expansion at the Global Peripheries: The End of Territories
No full textThis article critically examines how the expansion of ‘green’ extractivist frontiers, under the guise of energy transition, reproduces colonial patterns of territorial dispossession and ecological degradation. Drawing from case studies in Portugal and Brazil, we explore how lithium mining projects, justified by climate goals and the decarbonisation consensus, intensify environmental and social violence in historically marginalised territories. We argue that these regions are rendered ‘peripheries’, not by geography but by relational dynamics within global supply chains, where technocratic narratives of sustainability overshadow local knowledge and ecosocial diversity. The discourse of compensation fails to address irreversible cultural and ecological losses, while the ‘energy transition’ serves more to secure markets and geopolitics than to promote justice. Highlighting the resilience and socio-ecological practices of local communities, we call for diverse cosmovisions that centre life, interdependence, and justice, challenging the dominant paradigms of ‘green development’ and offering pathways for a truly transformative transition.Este artículo examina críticamente cómo la expansión de las fronteras extractivistas asociadas a la transición energética reproduce patrones coloniales de despojo territorial y degradación ecológica. A partir de estudios de caso en Portugal y Brasil, exploramos cómo los proyectos de minería de litio, en nombre de los objetivos climáticos y del consenso sobre la descarbonización, intensifican la violencia ambiental y social en territorios históricamente marginados. Sostenemos que estas regiones son convertidas en “periferias” no por su geografía, sino por las dinámicas relacionales que se reproducen dentro de las cadenas globales de suministro, donde las narrativas tecnocráticas de la sostenibilidad eclipsan los saberes locales y la diversidad ecosocial. El discurso de la compensación no logra abordar las pérdidas culturales y ecológicas irreversibles, mientras que la “transición energética” sirve más para asegurar mercados y geopolítica que para promover justicia. Al resaltar la resiliencia y las prácticas socio-ecológicas de las comunidades locales, hacemos un llamado a visiones alternativas centradas en la vida, la interdependencia y la justicia, desafiando los paradigmas dominantes del desarrollo sostenible y ofreciendo caminos hacia una transición verdaderamente transformadora.Este artigo examina criticamente como a expansão das fronteiras extrativistas “verdes”, sob o pretexto da transição energética, reproduz padrões coloniais de desapropriação territorial e degradação ecológica. Com base em estudos de caso em Portugal e no Brasil, exploramos como os projetos de mineração de lítio, justificados por metas climáticas e pelo consenso da descarbonização, intensificam a violência ambiental e social em territórios historicamente marginalizados. Argumentamos que essas regiões são transformadas em “periferias” não pela geografia, mas pela dinâmica relacional dentro das cadeias de abastecimento globais, onde narrativas tecnocráticas de sustentabilidade ofuscam o conhecimento local e a diversidade ecossocial. O discurso da compensação não aborda as perdas culturais e ecológicas irreversíveis, enquanto a “transição energética” serve mais para garantir mercados e manter definições geopolíticas do que para promover a justiça. Destacando a resiliência e as práticas socioecológicas das comunidades locais, apelamos a cosmovisões diversas que centram a vida, a interdependência e a justiça, desafiando os paradigmas dominantes do “desenvolvimento verde” e oferecendo caminhos para uma transição verdadeiramente transformadora.</p
Struggles for a Just Energy Transition in Niger
No full textAt the 2021 UN Conference of the Parties (COP) meeting in Glasgow, Nigeria committed to renewable energy to contain carbon emissions responsible for global warming. Its subsequent national Energy Transition Plan pledged to cut emissions by phasing out fossil fuels. Decades of oil exploration in Nigeria’s Niger Delta have caused extensive environmental damage resulting in the destruction of traditional livelihoods, economic strangulation, and widespread poverty. Multinational oil corporations are now divesting rapidly, leaving behind a trail of environmental pollution without compensation to impacted communities. The clash between fossil-fuel phase-outs and local people’s environmental justice demands demonstrate the imperative of embedding justice and inclusion into green energy solutions. Drawing from the experiences of Nigeria’s oil-rich communities in the Niger Delta, this article argues that placing justice at the centre of national and global decarbonisation agendas is essential for ensuring that greener solutions do not contribute to human rights abuses and exacerbate pre-existing environmental challenges.En la Conferencia de las Partes (COP) de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) de 2021 que se llevó a cabo en Glasgow, Nigeria se comprometió con las energías renovables para contener las emisiones de carbono responsables del calentamiento global. Su posterior Plan Nacional de Transición Energética prometió reducir las emisiones eliminando progresivamente los combustibles fósiles. Décadas de exploración petrolera en el Delta del Níger han provocado un daño ambiental extenso que resultó en la destrucción de medios de vida tradicionales, el estrangulamiento económico y una pobreza generalizada. Las corporaciones petroleras multinacionales ahora están retirando rápidamente sus inversiones, dejando tras de sí un rastro de contaminación ambiental sin compensaciones para las comunidades afectadas. El choque entre la eliminación de los combustibles fósiles y las demandas de justicia ambiental de las poblaciones locales demuestra la urgencia de incorporar justicia e inclusión en las soluciones de energía sostenible. Partiendo de las experiencias de las comunidades petroleras del Delta del Níger, este artículo sostiene que situar la justicia en el centro de las agendas de descarbonización nacionales y globales es esencial para garantizar que las soluciones más sostenibles no contribuyan a violaciones de derechos humanos ni agraven los desafíos ambientales preexistentes.Na Conferência das Partes (COP) das Nações Unidas (ONU) realizada em Glasgow, em 2021, a Nigéria comprometeu‑se com as energias renováveis para conter as emissões de carbono responsáveis pelo aquecimento global. O subsequente Plano Nacional de Transição Energética assumiu o compromisso de reduzir as emissões através da eliminação progressiva dos combustíveis fósseis. Décadas de exploração petrolífera no Delta do Níger causaram danos ambientais extensos, resultando na destruição dos meios de subsistência tradicionais, na asfixia económica e na disseminação da pobreza. As multinacionais petrolíferas estão agora a desinvestir rapidamente, deixando atrás de si um rasto de poluição ambiental sem compensação para as comunidades afectadas. O choque entre a eliminação dos combustíveis fósseis e as reivindicações de justiça ambiental das populações locais demonstra a necessidade imperiosa de integrar justiça e inclusão nas soluções de energia verde. Com base nas experiências das comunidades ricas em petróleo do Delta do Níger, este artigo argumenta que colocar a justiça no centro das agendas de descarbonização nacionais e globais é essencial para garantir que soluções mais verdes não contribuam para violações dos direitos humanos nem agravem os desafios ambientais já existentes.</p