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Graduation from Social Protection: Removed, Ready or Rotated?
No full textEthiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP), currently in its fifth phase, is billed as a graduation programme, yet how exit decisions play out in practice remains unclear. This Research Briefing explores PSNP effectiveness by evaluating whether households leaving, or “graduating”, are (1) Better off than when they first entered; (2) Better off than those remaining; and (3) Sufficiently well-off to no longer need support. Using primary data from a bespoke panel survey, we find that many households are removed prematurely yet, on average, hold higher levels of assets, livestock and regular employment than those still enrolled. Nevertheless, exited households remain very poor and vulnerable, with low incomes, high poverty rates, and negligible consumption gains. While further research is required, these findings lend weight to a rotation hypothesis: budget constraints and high local poverty rates pressure local‑level officials to cycle equally needy households off the programme so that others, equally poor, can access it.</p
Causes and Consequences of Air Pollution in Ethiopia
No full textThis report examines the principal factors contributing to air pollution in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (hereafter, Ethiopia) and its subsequent effects on health, the economy, society and politics. It provides a high-level summary of the main sources of air pollution in the country and examines the impact of exposure on health outcomes and economic prosperity. The focus of this review is on particulate matter (PM) of less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter (PM2.5) given its association with a range of health impacts. The report identifies a limited, though slowly expanding, evidence base that is characterised by significant gaps.</p
Measuring Adaptation and Resilience Outcomes in Tropical Forest Settings
No full textThis rapid evidence review is the second in a series of reports prepared in support of a Knowledge for Development and Diplomacy (K4DD) evidence and policy clinic on effective climate adaptation in tropical forest settings. This review explores evidence for how climate adaptation and resilience can be better assessed and measured to contribute towards improved outcomes, with the view to informing workshop discussions on future programming design and evaluation in tropical forest settings.</p
Tourism as a Driver for Nature Protection
No full textSustainable tourism aims to conserve biodiversity, respect local cultural heritage and values, and to evenly distribute socioeconomic benefits from tourism revenues, for example, through providing stable employment for local people, through supportive infrastructure developments, such as for transportation and waste management, and provision of improved social and health services.</p
Banque de questions sur le Mpox : Questions qualitatives pour la collecte de données au niveau communautaire
No full textCette banque de questions est un menu de questions qualitatives relatives aux connaissances, aux perceptions et aux pratiques du personnel de santé lors d'épidémies de maladies infectieuses. La banque de questions générera des données qualitatives sur la compréhension subjective du personnel de santé quant aux risques, à la gestion des cas, à la protection et aux opérations plus larges en cas d'épidémie. Ces données peuvent être utilisées pour informer les activités de communication des risques et d'engagement communautaire, ainsi que d'autres piliers de la réponse. Certains des sujets abordés dans ces questions sont complexes, par exemple la stigmatisation ou les points de vue sur l’innocuité des vaccins. Ces sujets pourraient bénéficier d'un suivi plus approfondi permettant d'explorer les points de vue et les perspectives de manière plus approfondie. Aux fins de la présente banque de questions, les travailleurs de la santé englobent les personnes impliquées dans les soins des personnes malades (ou décédées) ou celles qui travaillent dans des rôles d’appui où elles sont susceptibles de rencontrer des personnes infectieuses. Les travailleurs de la santé peuvent comprendre des médecins, des infirmières, des agents de santé et de soins communautaires, des équipes de surveillance, des ambulanciers, des sages-femmes, des accoucheuses traditionnelles, des guérisseurs traditionnels et religieux, des équipes d’inhumation, des porteurs et nettoyeurs d'hôpitaux et des techniciens de laboratoire. Les travailleurs de la santé peuvent exercer ces fonctions dans des établissements gérés par le gouvernement, des organisations non gouvernementales et dans des secteurs de soins informels ou privés, et ils peuvent travailler dans des établissements de soins de routine ou dans des établissements spécialisés dans le traitement des épidémies. </p
Information preparedness and community engagement for climate change response in the Eastern and Southern Africa Region. Part 1: Qualitative question modules for responders to develop a localised emergency action plan
No full textThis resource is intended to help responders determine organisational priorities and needs to develop a localised preparedness and response strategy for the multi-hazard impacts of El Niño and other relevant climatic events (e.g., drought, flooding, cyclones). The question modules in this resource should be reviewed alongside a companion Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) briefing document available here. </p
Supporting the mpox response for people with diverse sexual orientation, gender identity and/or gender expression in contexts where their rights are restricted
No full textPeople with diverse sexual orientation, gender identity and/or gender expression (SOGIE) are a hard-to-reach population. This is because of restrictive legal frameworks, social exclusion, stigma and discrimination in service delivery. Because people with diverse SOGIE often avoid seeking healthcare at government health centres, mpox-related health services might not reach them. Contact tracing can be stymied by laws that criminalise same-sex behaviour. In contexts where sodomy laws are enforced and arrests are being made, listing same-sex partners can be akin to admitting to criminal behaviour, and providing contact details of sexual partners poses grave risks to them.Laws that criminalise same-sex behaviour do not criminalise providing services for people with diverse SOGIE, but they justify marginalisation and can encourage discriminatory service provision. Healthcare providers and humanitarian workers supporting the mpox response need to know the framing and the impact of such restrictive laws to help them reach people with diverse SOGIE effectively without putting themselves or their patients at risk.This brief provides a socio-behavioural analysis of the vulnerabilities, risks and resultant operational key considerations for working with people with diverse SOGIE in the mpox response. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the second mpox Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in August 2024. The brief’s considerations are especially pertinent given that in the countries most affected by mpox, people with diverse SOGIE are at best stigmatised and at worst criminalised, necessitating a careful approach to ensure that they are reached adequately without creating further harms. This brief provides contextual information and practical recommendations to humanitarian aid workers and healthcare providers responding to mpox outbreaks in contexts that restrict rights related to SOGIE, with a specific focus on African settings. The brief provides an overview of the epidemiology of mpox as it relates to gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and explains the specific medical and social vulnerabilities of this group. The brief then provides an overview of the relevant legal frameworks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Uganda, Nigeria and Burundi. These countries have reported high numbers of mpox cases during the most recent PHEIC, and the brief explains the consequences of each country’s legal framework for both healthcare and humanitarian aid provision.</p
Compounding Care Burdens: Women’s Everyday Experiences of Climate Preparedness and Adaptation in Banaskantha, India
No full textAs rapid climate change is increasing the occurrence of extreme weather events, there is a noticeable increase in co-located hazards which refer to climate events that overlap or occur concurrently (e.g. droughts followed by floods or overlapping with heatwaves). Regions that are historically unaccustomed to these patterns of high variability are now struggling to adapt to these unpredictable variations. Drawing on evidence from the ANTICIPATE project, we argue that such co-located hazards not only compound or intensify impacts due to the intersection of these extremes but also add an additional dimension of gendered vulnerability. Using the lens of intersectionality and care, we show how women are at the frontline of preparedness, for such extremes, despite absorbing a disproportionate amount of the impacts of these shocks and slow-onset hazards. However, owing to gendered vulnerability, their work remains unrecognised and hidden, thus leaving them out of decision-making spaces. In this paper, we demonstrate how women’s contributions towards building preparedness at an everyday level are crucial to household adaptation in the face of increasing climatic uncertainties.</p
Community Engagement for Public Health in Cleveland, Ohio, United States
No full textCommunity engagement, in public health practice, includes a wide range of activities to work with community members to promote well-being and achieve more equitable health outcomes. This kind of work was critical to pandemic preparedness and response during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cleveland has a vibrant landscape of community organizations, community health workers and activists, academics, and public health practitioners working to improve health equity in the city, but engagement efforts are often siloed or short-term.Our team recently conducted research in Cleveland, Ohio to revisit community engagement during the pandemic and document lessons learned for future preparedness. This evidence brief includes those lessons learned and ways to consider applying learning to public health strategy.</p
Rapid Scoping Review 2025: Egypt
No full textEgypt has a rich history of feminist activism, but progress on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and more (LGBTQI+) rights and women’s rights ‘remains elusive, characterized by fits and starts along a non-linear trajectory’. Although Egypt’s President, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, regularly pays lip service to women’s rights, his government’s record is very poor, and it has been critiqued for ‘not tolerat(ing) any form of feminism but its own’. Feminist and LGBTQI+ movements in Egypt are working within a civil society that is very tightly controlled, both by laws and the security forces, who engage in human rights violations with impunity. This brief is based on a review of 13 feminist groups, founded during the third wave (1980s to 2011) and fourth wave (2011 onwards) of feminism in Egypt. It explores the context of rollback in Egypt, the landscape of anti-rollback actors, counter-rollback strategies, and gaps and areas for future research and work.</p