Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Not a member yet
327 research outputs found
Sort by
Kidney Function Test of Female Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) of Subchronic Toxicity Test of Arthrospira maxima and Chlorella vulgaris
Get PDFArthrospira maxima and Chlorella vulgaris are contained a high protein and antioxidant levels that can be used as functional foods or supplements to improve health. Furthermore, this material needs to be monitored for safety. The aims of this research were determined the subchronic toxicity test of microalgae A. maxima and C. vulgaris on kidney function. Parameters of this research were creatinine levels, urea levels, kidney index, and histological structure of the kidney glomerular. Besides that, the progression of body weight was observed. Five teen female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout,1769) divided into three groups randomly were one control group and two treatment groups using A. maxima and C. vulgaris in the same dose were 2500 mg/kg of body weight. Subchronic toxicity test was conducted by oral gavage every day during 90 days — the measurement of creatinine levels and urea levels on the 30th, 60th, and 90th day. Kidney index and glomerular histology of rat’s kidney was prepared after necropsy at the end of this research. Base on the results, it can be concluded that consume of Arthrospira maxima, and Chlorella vulgaris at 2500 mg/kg of body weight increased creatinine and urea levels. Bodyweight, kidney index, and pathological glomerular cells of histological kidney were still in normal value
The Antidepressant Effect of Chlorella vulgaris on Female Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) with Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Treatment
Get PDFDepression is a disabling mental disorder, predicted to become the world's number 2 disability by 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2018). Chronic stress is one of the triggers for depression, causing an imbalance in brain chemicals and antioxidants levels. Although antidepressant is a common treatment, discomforting side effects has compromised its efficacy, prompting the search for alternative medicines. Chlorella vulgaris is a microalgae famous for its excellent protein and antioxidant content. In this study, C. vulgaris (360 mg/kg p.o.) potency of antidepressant in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression in female rats was evaluated compared to amitriptyline (2,25 mg/kg p.o.) for 14 days. Two types of C. vulgaris namely cultivation sourced and commercially-sold, were used. Sucrose preference test, forced swim test (FST) and open field test (OFT) were used as depression-like behaviour test to validate C. vulgaris effect. Adrenal glands were observed to further understand its effect on the stress organ. The CUMS method produced rats with depressive-like behaviour evidently by reduced body weight, sucrose preference, exploring behaviour in OFT, and increased immobility duration in FST. Furthermore, an increase in adrenal weight, fasciculata zone, and reticularis zone was observed. Both C. vulgaris significantly (p<0,05) reversed depressive-like behaviour in rats subjected to CUMS, but not the size of adrenal glands. This finding indicated both types of C. vulgaris has the potential to be an alternative antidepressant but because of the short duration of treatment, it’s speculated that C. vulgaris may not have exhibited enough difference structurally yet.
Empty Fruit Bunches as Potential Source for Biosilica Fertilizer for Oil Palm
Get PDFIn Indonesia, the development of oil palm plantations has been going on a pervasive way; they covered about 14.03 million hectares in 2017. This massive coverage of land might then generate a tremendous amount of biomass per year, both in the form of both solid and liquid wastes. The processing of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) in palm oil mill (POM) produces wastes that primarily in the form of empty fruit bunches (EFB), which is amounting of up to 25% (w/w) of FFB. It has been being indicated that EFB contains a considerable amount of silica (Si) which attracts the Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry (IRIBB) to investigate the potential use of EFB as a source of bio-available Si, in the form of H4SiO4 (mono silicic acid, BioSilAc). The experiment was carried out at Sungai Mirah Minting Estate, PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro-Central Kalimantan. The EFB material was obtained from POM and chopped into 2.5-5.0 cm in size. A four-week bio-decomposition process was employed by using bio-decomposers containing Trichoderma pseudokoningii, T. polysporum, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Chemical analyses of composted EFB were conducted before and 28-days after decomposer application. The presence of Si in the compost was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of Si-containing EFB compost on the immature and mature oil palm was evaluated. Seven treatments, i.e. combination of EFB compost and BioSilAc application with reduced-dosages of NPK fertilisers were arranged in a random block design with three replicates. The results show that large quantities of silica bodies attached to the surface of EFB fibres and amounting to 0.44% soluble Si. The FFB data indicated that the application of 75% NPK + 500 kg composted EFB + 2 L BioSilAc/ha/year on a five-year-old plant resulted in higher yield than that obtained from 100% standard dosage of NPK. The study also revealed that the application of EFB compost reduced 50% of BioSilAc dosage
The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Cashew Fruit Peel on The Liver Histological Structure in Rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)
Get PDFCashew fruit peel is a waste produced from the cashew nut industry, and it has not been utilized optimally yet. Cashew peel extract has the potential to be used as a contraceptive agent, which capable of reducing reproductive capacity. However, its side effects on other tissue and organ such as liver not clearly studied yet. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanolic extracts of cashew peel on the histological structure of the white rat liver. In this study, 21 female white rats were used and be grouped for control (6 mice) which were treated with CMCMa 0.5% and 15 mice were treated with peel extract of 500 mg/kg body every day for one month. Liver for examination was collected sequentially at 3rd, 5th, 8th, 11th, and 14th of the estrous cycle. The liver was processed for histological observation and stained with Hematoxylin Eosin and Mallory Acid Fuchsin staining solution. The liver hepatocyte was observed for it abnormality and be scored to calculate the number of cell damage or abnormality. The result showed that peel extract-treated mouse liver was similar to control ones; we did not witness any evidence of fibrosis, pyknosis and cellular necrosis on either control or treated mouse. Statistical analysis by SPSS showed that the p-value between the control and treatment groups was 0.078 (> 0.05) so there was no significant difference between control and treatment. It could be concluded that ethanolic extracts of cashew nuts peel with a concentration of 500 mg/kg body weight caused no effect on the mouse liver histological structure. application with reduced-dosages of NPK fertilizers were arranged in a random block design with three replicates. The results show that large quantities of silica bodies attached to the surface of EFB fibers and amounting to 0.44% soluble Si. The FFB data indicated that the application of 75% NPK + 500 kg composted EFB + 2 L BioSilAc/ha/year on a five-year-old plant resulted in higher yield than that obtained from 100% standard dosage of NPK. The study also revealed that the application of EFB compost reduced 50% of BioSilAc dosage
Distribution Record of Leptophryne borbonica (Tschudi, 1838) (Anura: Bufonidae) from Malang, East Java: Description, Microhabitat, and Possible Threats
Get PDFBromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) which partly located in Malang, East Java, Indonesia holds various kinds of niches that can support the existence of undiscovered amphibian species. We examine a new distribution of the Leptophryne borbonica, Hourglass-toad from an area located on the slopes of the Southwest of Tengger Mountain as well as its ecological implications related to the possibility of habitat threats. The exploration was carried out on January 1st and March 1st, 2019, with the description of morphology data and collecting abiotic parameters such as temperature, humidity, altitude, and habitat preference. The distribution of the species was marked. Any important notable records of the habitat threats are documented. The results showed that the amphibians found were Leptophryne borbonica, and set as a new record on Malang, East Java. We suggested that the isolated distribution is very susceptible to ecological disturbances, future ecotourism development, and habitat destruction that prone to local extinction. Further research and conservation efforts need to be carried out for the sustainability of this species in the observation site
Variability and Intra-Specific Classification of Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) from Timor Island based on Morphological Characters
Get PDFLima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is a species of beans which originating from the regions of Central America and Andes Mountains. Lima bean in Timor Island is underutilized although these plant growth there and have many variations. This study aims to determine the diversity of lima beans on Timor Island based on morphological characters. Samples were collected by survey methods from three districts on the island of Timor. Morphological traits related to the vegetative and flowering stages and mature seeds morphology were scored using the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute lima bean descriptors with a soft modification. The similarity index is calculated using the General Similarity Coefficient Gower formula. The dendogram is generated from cluster analysis using the Unweighted Pair Group Methods using Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) method. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine the role of each morphological character used. The dendogram shows that 23 collected accessions are divided into two main clusters with a 57% similarity index. The two clusters are distinguished based on the presence or absence of secondary colors and secondary patterns in the seed organs. Then, each main cluster is divided into two subclasses based on the character of the pigmentation stem, the length of the terminal leaflets, flower color, and seed type
Antlers Characterization for Identification of Deer Species (Family Cervidae) in Indonesia
Get PDFThere are five species of deer (family Cervidae) living in Indonesia today. Male deer possesses antlers, a unique character of male deer. Antlers have economic values for quite a long time. Antler’s growth is influenced by several factors, therefore each species of deer have its own unique antlers’ shape and size. Antler’s identification usually relies on size measurement and overall shape of complete antlers which still attach to the skull. It is difficult to identify shed, broken or individual antler. The purpose of the research is to understand antlers’ morphological characters on each species to become diagnostic characters. Specimens analysed were collections of LIPI and were analysed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using PAST3 software. The results showed each species of deer having their own unique antlers’ character, and so it can be used to determine the species of Indonesian deer. The important structures for identification are relief, pedicle, brow, bez, and main beam
Rotan Potensial dari Hutan Bukit Lubuk Pekak, Merangin, Jambi
Get PDFRattan is a potential non-timber forest product. It grows in almost all parts of Indonesia, and has been widely used and traded. Indonesia as the largest rattan producer in the world supplies about 85% of world rattan needs. Bukit Lubuk Pekak Forest is part of the Production Forest Management Unit (KPHP) area, Merangin District, Jambi Province. The threat form rattan exploitation is increasing, especially in the Bukit Lubuk Pekak. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct study on the potency of rattan in that area for future conservation efforts. This study aimed to investigate rattan species in Bukit Lubuk Pekak forest, Merangin District, Jambi Province. Information of the potency of rattan is essential to support rattan industries. To complete data of rattan potency from Sumatra, an exploration in this area was carried out in July 2016 in Bukit Lubuk Pekak Forest. The study was conducted by purpossive sampling. Identification on morphological characteristics of rattan were performed on all parts of plants including fruits and seeds (if available). The results showed that there were four rattan genus in Bukit Lubuk Pekak Forest: Calamus, Daemonorops, Korthalsia, and Plectocomiopsis. They consisted of nine species, namely Calamus caesius, C. exillis, C. insignis var. longispinosus, C. laevigatus, C. tumidus, Daemonorops micracantha, D. didymophylla, Korthalsia flagellaris, and Plectocomiopsis geminiflora. Among the nine species, two species that is Calamus caesius and Daemonorops didymophylla have been cultivated for industry raw materials and drug, respectively
Clustering Analysis and Genome Inference of Pisang Raja Local Cultivars (Musa spp.) from Java Island by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Marker
Get PDFPisang Raja is an important local banana cultivar in the economy and cultural life in Indonesia, especially at Java. There are many Pisang Raja cultivars found on Java Island with various local names in each region, resulted in problems on taxonomic identification and grouping. Conventional research for grouping banana cultivars is still using morphological characters but considered inaccurate because of its subjectivity. This study aims to analyze the genetic diversity, grouping, and genome estimation of 13 local cultivars of Pisang Raja based on molecular approach using RAPD markers (OPA primers 1-20). Clustering and Principal Coordinates Analysis were performed to the amplified products using Paleontological Statistics (PAST) application version 3.15. Results showed that there were 12 primers which successfully amplified and produced DNA polymorphic bands in Pisang Raja, specifically OPA 1, OPA 2, OPA 3, OPA 4, OPA 5, OPA 8, OPA 16, OPA 17, OPA 18, OPA 19, and OPA 20. Pisang Raja cultivars considered have high genetic diversity, indicated by high polymorphic bands (95.17%) and low similarity coefficient values (0.2-0.6). Clustering and PCo analysis resulted in 3 clusters following its genomic group consist of AAA, AAB and ABB genomes, with Pisang Raja Bali as an outgroup (ABB). However, the separation of each cluster for genome inference was unclear. Cluster 1 consists of Pisang Raja Madu (AAB) and Raja Sereh (AAB). Cluster 2 consists of AAA and AAB genomes; includes Pisang Raja Jambe (AAA), Raja Kriyak (AAA), Raja Kutuk (AAB), Raja Brentel (AAB), Raja Seribu (AAB), and Raja Lini (AAB). Cluster 3 consists of AAA and AAB genomes, includes Pisang Raja Kisto (AAA), Raja Delima (AAA), Raja Bandung (AAB) and Raja Gareng (AAB). While Pisang Monyet (AAw) and Klutuk Wulung (BBw) as wild relatives were nested in Cluster 2. There were some different results of genome estimation based on RAPD markers compared to morphological characterization, and other molecular techniques. The use of RAPD markers is quite efficient and effective for studying genetic diversity and identifying genomes in bananas
Genetic Identification of Freshwater Fish Species Through DNA Barcoding from Lake Lebo Taliwang, West Nusa Tenggara
Get PDFLake Lebo Taliwang is one of the lakes in the West Nusa Tenggara with high freshwater fish species diversity. However, the species identification of freshwater fish species from Lake Lebo Taliwang using DNA barcoding is very limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify seven samples of freshwater fish species collected from Lake Lebo Taliwang based on COI mitochondrial gene as a DNA barcoding marker and establish library COI sequences of Indonesian freshwater fish. We are using a standard DNA analysis and data obtained from this study was then examined using Nucleotide BLAST and the phylogenetic tree was analyzed using the Neighbour-Joining (NJ) method with Kimura 2 Parameter (K2P) model. The results revealed that among the seven samples of freshwater fishes collected from the Lake Lebo Taliwang, three samples were identified as Anabas testudineus, the other three samples were Barbodes binotatus and one sample was Trichopodus trichopterus. The level of similarity of these freshwater fish samples referred to the database from the GenBank and BOLD was between 98-100%. The NJ tree supports the clade of each species identified in this study. This occurrence indicated that DNA barcoding by using the COI mitochondrial gene was proven to be able to identify the freshwater fish samples accurately