Majalah Obat Tradisional
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FLAVONOID PROFILE OF Clitoria ternatea Linn
Get PDFThe present study was aimed to reveal the flavonoid profile of Clitoria ternatea L leaves, stem and seeds using the HPTLC analysis. The powdered leaves, stem and seed samples were extracted with 150 mL of methanol for 8-12 h by using the Soxhlet apparatus. The Ethyl acetate-butanone-formic acid-water (5:3:1:1) was employed as mobile phase for flavonoids. The developed plate was sprayed with 1% ethanolic aluminium chloride as spray reagent and dried at 100°C in hot air oven for 2min. The plate was photo-documented at UV 366 nm and daylight using Photo-documentation chamber.The methanolic extract of stem, leaves and seeds of Clitoria ternatea showed the presence of 24 bands with 18 different Rf values with range 0.01 to 0.96. Out of 24 bands, 10 bands with seven Rf values viz., 0.04, 0.10, 0.28, 0.37, 0.49, 0.65 and 0.85 were idenified as flavonoids, the other bands were noted as unknown metabolites. Developed HPTLC chromatogram of Clitoria ternatea methanolic extracts of vegetative and reproductive parts could be used efficiently for identification, and quality assessment of the plant in the pharmaceutical industries. These profiles may used as chemical marker to solve plant systematic problems.The present study was aimed to reveal the flavonoid profile of Clitoria ternatea L leaves, stem and seeds using the HPTLC analysis. The powdered leaves, stem and seed samples were extracted with 150 mL of methanol for 8-12 h by using the Soxhlet apparatus. The Ethyl acetate-butanone-formic acid-water (5:3:1:1) was employed as mobile phase for flavonoids. The developed plate was sprayed with 1% ethanolic aluminium chloride as spray reagent and dried at 100°C in hot air oven for 2min. The plate was photo-documented at UV 366 nm and daylight using Photo-documentation chamber.The methanolic extract of stem, leaves and seeds of Clitoria ternatea showed the presence of 24 bands with 18 different Rf values with range 0.01 to 0.96. Out of 24 bands, 10 bands with seven Rf values viz., 0.04, 0.10, 0.28, 0.37, 0.49, 0.65 and 0.85 were idenified as flavonoids, the other bands were noted as unknown metabolites. Developed HPTLC chromatogram of Clitoria ternatea methanolic extracts of vegetative and reproductive parts could be used efficiently for identification, and quality assessment of the plant in the pharmaceutical industries. These profiles may used as chemical marker to solve plant systematic problems
DAYA ANTI QUORUM SENSING EKSTRAK DAUN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomun burmannii Ness. Ex Bl.) TERHADAP Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Get PDFQuorum sensing is a communication system among bacterial cells which correlates with biofilm formation. Biofilm can protect bacteria from environment including antibiotic of which can cause higher antibiotic concentration of 100 up to 1000 times. Inhibition of quorum sensing is expected to inhibit the biofilm formation. The cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii Ness. Ex Bl.) has been known to have antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. Leaves are available abundantly which urges a research to find out the activity as anti quorum sensing against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The succesive maceration of dried pulverized leaves produced hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts. Antibacterial activity was observed by microdillution method with MTT assay. Afterwards, the active extract was examined for anti quorum sensing activity by diffusion method in cetrimide Agar. Quorum sensing activity was shown by dark zone (opaque) growth around sample application, observed under UV light of 366 nm. TLC bioautography method was done to observe the active spots by using silica gel F254 as the stationary phase, chloroform-methanol (6:1 v/v) as the mobile phase, loading sample used was 1.25 mg and 30 min of plate contact duration. The ethyl acetate extract inhibited growth of P. aeruginosa with shown by MIC at 8 µg/µL Quorum sensing as well as growth inhibition activities were observed at loading samples 12,5 and 25 mg/wells, while at 6,25 mg the extract only exhibited quorum sensing inhibition. Presences of substances having phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid and aldehyde/keton as functional groups were detected by TLC method of the extract but no active spot identified on bioautography.Quorum sensing adalah sistem komunikasi antar sel bakteri. Perkembangan biofilm diatur oleh quorum sensing. Biofilm dapat melindungi bakteri dari kerusakan akibat antibiotik sehingga konsentrasi antibiotik harus ditingkatkan 100 sampai 1000 kali lipat. Penghambatan quorum sensing diharapkan dapat mencegah pembentukan biofilm. Kulit kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmanii Ness. Ex Bl.) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan antibiofilm. Ketersediaan daun yang melimpah menyebabkan dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah daun kayu manis memiliki daya anti quorum sensing terhadap Pseudomona aeruginosa. Serbuk kering daun kayu manis dimaserasi bertingkat berturut-turut menggunakan n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol. Setelah masing-masing ekstrak dievaporasi, daya antibakteri diamati dengan metode mikrodilusi menggunakan penambahan MTT. Ekstrak yang aktif diamati daya anti quorum sensing nya dengan metode difusi pada cetrimide Agar. Aktivitas antiquorum sensing ditunjukkan dengan daerah buram di bawah sinar UV 366 nm. KLT-bioautografi dilakukan untuk mengetahui senyawa yang aktif dalam fraksi tersebut dengan menggunakan fase diam silika gel F254, fase gerak kloroform-metanol (6:1 v/v), loading sampel sebanyak 1,25 mg dan waktu kontak lempeng dengan medium selama 30 menit. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap P. aeruginosa dengan nilai KHM 8 mg/mL. Aktivitas penghambatan quorum sensing dan pertumbuhan ditunjukkan pada loading samples 12,5 dan 25 mg/sumuran, sedangkan pada 6,25 mg ekstrak hanya menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan quorum sensing. Keberadaan senyawa yang memiliki gugus fungsi fenolik, flavonoid, alkaloid dan aldehid/keton terdeteksi dengan metode KLT tetapi tidak terdeteksi bercak aktif pada bioautografi
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMBINASI MINYAK ATSIRI RIMPANG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.) DAN KURKUMINOIDNYA TERHADAP EFEK ANALGETIK PADA MENCIT
Get PDFoai:jurnal.ugm.ac.id:article/7745The study was conducted to determine the analgesic effect of the essential oil of ginger rhizome (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.), Kurkuminoid, and a combination of both. Extracting of kurkuminoid performed with ethyl acetate and hexane solvent. Essential oil obtained from the water-steam distillation. Analgesic test was conducted using formalin test (20μL 1% formalin, intraplantar) against the Swiss strain male mice (30±5g), age 2 months. Test group includes 0.5% CMC-Na P.O. (Negative control), indomethacin 4mg/kg P.O. and i.p. (Positive control), kurkuminoid 48mg/kg po, essential oil 24mg/kg po, po and their combinations Formalin injection was performed 1 hour after sample treatment. Data licking time taken in Phase I (0-5min) and phase II (10-30min) after formalin injection. Phase I indicate pain that occurs in the central nervous system (CNS), while phase II in the peripheral area. The results of the phase I trials show analgesic power of indomethacin po (4.96±3.26%) and ip (4.54±1.65%). Kurkuminoid and each essential oil (1.22±0.89%) and (28.8±8.48%), while the mixture (42.14±5.6%). Kurniawan (2007) reported that the magnitude of phase I of the power analgesic morphine 5mg/kg po was (69.68±2.17%). In phase II of essential oils have analgesic power of (74.63±1.97%), a mixture of essential oil (24mg/kg) and kurkuminoid (48mg/kg) has analgesic power of (67.56±0.59% ), indomethacin ip (49.46 ± 1.08%) and po (49.82 ± 0.91%), and kurkuminoid (44.80±1.46%).Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek analgetik dari minyak atsiri rimpang temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.), kurkuminoid, dan kombinasi keduanya. Penyarian kurkuminoid dilakukan dengan pelarut etil asetat dan heksan. Minyak atsiri diperoleh dari hasil destilasi air-uap. Uji analgetik dilakukan dengan metode formalin tes (20µL formalin 1%, intraplantar) terhadap mencit jantan galur Swiss (30±5g), umur 2 bulan. Kelompok uji meliputi CMC-Na 0,5 % p.o. (kontrol negatif), indometasin 4 mg/kgBB p.o. dan i.p. (kontrol positif), kurkuminoid 48 mg/kgBB p.o., minyak atsiri 24mg/kgBB p.o, serta kombinasinya p.o. Injeksi formalin dilakukan 1 jam setelah pemejanan sampel. Data licking time diambil pada fase I (menit 0-5) dan fase II (10-30menit) setelah injeksi formalin. Fase I mengindikasikan nyeri yang terjadi pada daerah susunan saraf pusat (SSP) sedangkan fase II pada daerah perifer. Hasil uji terhadap fase I menunjukkan daya analgetik indometasin p.o sebesar (4,96±3,26 %) dan i.p. (4,54±1,65%). Kurkuminoid dan minyak atsiri masing-masing (1,22±0,89%) dan (28,8±8,48%), sedangkan campuran (42,14±5,6%). Kurniawan (2007) melaporkan bahwa besarnya daya analgetik fase I pada morfin 5 mg/kgBB p.o. adalah (69,68±2,17%). Pada fase II minyak atsiri memiliki daya analgetik sebesar (74,63±1,97%), campuran minyak atsiri (24mg/kgBB) dan kurkuminoid (48 mg/kgBB) memiliki daya analgetik sebesar (67,56±0,59%), indometasin i.p. (49,46±1,08%) dan p.o (49,82±0,91%), serta kurkuminoid (44,80±1,46%)
IDENTITAS MAKROSKOPI, MIKROSKOPI, KIMIAWI, RIMPANG C. Mangga, C. Zedoaria, DAN K. Rotunda
Get PDFZingiberaceae plants in Indonesia has been widely used as traditional medicine, such as Curcuma mangga, C. zedoaria, and Kaempferia rotunda. These three plants known as the temu putih. This study aims to determine the chemical content, macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, in order to obtain characteristics of each of these plants as an aid for identification. Macroscopic examination is conducted by observing the characteristics of the rhizome in both fresh and dried state, while the microscopic examination is done by observing the microscopic characteristics of the powder and fresh rhizome. Examination of the essensial oil is conducted to determine phytochemical compound by using GC-MS method. Result shown these three specimens, macroscopically have different taste and smell. Microscopically, these three specimens have different cork thickness, secrete cell colors, and different amylum size. As identity compound, for C. mangga, C. zedoaria, and K. rotunda oils are mirsena, germakrona and benzilbenzoat respectively.Di Indonesia tumbuhan dari suku Zingiberaceae digunakan secara luas untuk pengobatan tradisional, seperti Curcuma mangga, C. zedoaria, dan Kaempferia rotunda. Ketiganya di Indonesia dikenal dengan nama daerah temu putih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ciri makroskopi, mikroskopi, dan kandungan kimianya, agar dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu identifikasi. Pemeriksaan makroskopi dilakukan dengan cara mengamati ciri-ciri dari rimpang baik dalam keadaan segar dan kering, sedang pemeriksaan mikroskopi dilakukan dengan melakukan pengamatan ciri-ciri mikroskopi dari rimpang segar dan serbuk. Ciri kandungan kimia dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan komponen penyusun minyak atsiri dengan metoda GC-MS.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara makroskopi ketiga bahan uji memiliki perbedaan rasa dan bau, pemeriksaan mikroskopi rimpang segar ketiganya memiliki perbedaan ketebalan jaringan gabus, warna sel minyak, dan hasil mikroskopi serbuk menunjukkan perbedaan ukuran amilum. Sebagai senyawa identitas dari minyak C. mangga, C. zedoaria, dan K. rotunda berturut-turut adalah mirsena, germakrona dan benzilbenzoat
FORMULASI SIRUP EKSTRAK DAUN LEGUNDI (Vitex trifolia L.)
Get PDFDaun legundi (Vitex trifolia) has been used by Indonesian people as antiasthma. This research aims to produced the good quality syrup of extract of daun legundi and also to evaluate the relative level change of viteksikarpin in syrup after formulation. Syrup of extract of daun legundi was made for 4 formulas of variation of propylene glycol (PG) level. Formula 1 (PG 11%), formula 2(PG 12%), formula 3 (PG 13%) and control (without PG). Each formula was tested for physical characteristic (organoleptic, viscosity, time of flow, flavor test), relative level of viteksikarpin against extract. The result showed that increase of propylene glycol level was increased the viscosity syrup and time of flow while the percentage of relative level of viteksikarpin against extract was decreased. In this research, formula 1 (PG 11%) was the selected formula because it has a good flavor and appearance, less viscosity, least precipitate, highest relative level of viteksikarpin and acceptable in the market.Daun legundi telah digunakan masyarakat Indonesia sebagai antiasma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sirup ekstrak daun legundi dengan kualitas baik dan mengetahui perubahan kadar relatif viteksikarpin dalam sirup setelah formulasi. Sirup ekstrak daun legundi dibuat sejumlah 4 formula dengan variasi kadar propilen glikol (PG). Formula I (PG 11 %), formula II (PG 12 %), formula III (PG 13%), dan kontrol (tanpa PG). Masing-masing formula diuji sifat fisiknya (organoleptis, viskositas, waktu tuang, tanggap rasa), ditetapkan kadar relatif viteksikarpin terhadap ekstrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kadar propilen glikol, viskositas sirup semakin meningkat, waktu penuangan semakin bertambah, dan persentase kadar relatif viteksikarpin terhadap ekstrak semakin rendah. Pada penelitian ini, formula I (PG 11 %) merupakan formula terpilih karena memiliki rasa dan penampilan menarik, tingkat kekentalan yang rendah, endapan paling sedikit, kadar relatif viteksikarpin paling tinggi, dan lebih layak diterima pasar dibandingkan formula II, III, dan kontrol
PENGARUH PRAPERLAKUAN JUS KUBIS BUNGA (Brassica oleracea L. var botrytis L.) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS DIKLOFENAK DALAM TERAPI INFLAMASI
Get PDFA drug therapy together with food consumption could influence the drug effectiveness. This research aimed to know the influence of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var botrytis L.) juice pretreatment on diclofenac activity in inflammation therapy to wistar white male rats. Thirty rats divided into 6 groups randomized design. Group I (negative control) was only given aquadest, while group II (positive control) was given treatment with sodium diclofenac orally and the dose was 5,04 mg/kg BW. Group III was given pretreatment cauliflower juice with the dose of 20 ml/kg BW. It was given one hour before treatment with sodium diclofenac. Group IV was given pretreatment cauliflower juice with the dose of 20 ml/kg BW and it was given one day before treatment with sodium diclofenac. Group V was given pretreatment cauliflower juice with single dose 20 ml/kg BW for 3 days before treatment with sodium diclofenac, and group VI was given pretreatment cauliflower juice with single dose 20 ml/kg BW for 5 days before treatment with sodium diclofenac. Thirty minutes after treatment with sodium diclofenac, the rat’s paw was injected with 1% carrageenan 0,10 ml subplantary. Edema volume was measured from 0th hour to 5th hour after carrageenan injection used the pletismometer. The result of statistic analysis of AUC and DAI data have shown that cauliflower juice pretreatment given one hour before treatment with sodium diclofenac did not show significant different with positive control. The research showed that cauliflower juice pretreatment for 3 and 5 days was capable to reduce antiinflamation activity of diclofenac, therefore inflammation therapy with diclofenac was not maximum.Terapi suatu obat yang bersamaan dengan konsumsi makanan dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas obat tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh praperlakuan jus kubis bunga (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.) terhadap aktivitas diklofenak dalam terapi inflamasi pada tikus putih jantan galur Wistar. Tiga puluh ekor tikus dibagi enam kelompok secara acak. Kelompok I (kontrol negatif) hanya diberi aquadest, kelompok II (kontrol positif) diberikan perlakuan natrium diklofenak dosis 5,04 mg/kg BB secara peroral. Kelompok III diberi praperlakuan jus kubis bunga dosis 20 ml/kg BB 1 jam sebelum perlakuan natrium diklofenak. Kelompok IV diberi praperlakuan jus kubis bunga dosis 20 ml/kg BB 1 hari sebelum perlakuan natrium diklofenak. Kelompok V diberi praperlakuan jus kubis bunga dosis tunggal 20 ml/kg BB selama 3 hari sebelum perlakuan natrium diklofenak dan kelompok VI diberi praperlakuan jus kubis bunga dosis tunggal 20 ml/kg BB selama 5 hari sebelum perlakuan natrium diklofenak. Tiga puluh menit setelah perlakuan natrium diklofenak, kemudian telapak kaki tikus diinjeksi dengan karagenin 1% sebanyak 0,10 ml secara subplantar. Volume udema diukur dari jam ke-0 sampai jam ke-5 setelah injeksi karagenin menggunakan pletismometer. Hasil analisa statistik data AUC dan DAI menunjukkan bahwa praperlakuan jus kubis bunga yang diberikan 1 jam sebelum pemberian natrium diklofenak tidak memperlihatkan perubahan yang bermakna terhadap kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praperlakuan jus kubis bunga selama 3 hari dan 5 hari mampu menurunkan daya antiinflamasi dari diklofenak, sehingga terapi inflamasi dengan diklofenak menjadi tidak maksimal
PENETAPAN KADAR ALKALOID DARI EKSTRAK ETANOLIK BUNGA KEMBANG SEPATU (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.)
Get PDFKembang sepatu flower (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) was fractionally used as expectorant. Based on Bioassay Guided fractionation, an active fraction was separated, and the fraction was identified is Alkaloid was the major compound based on TLC analysis. Viscosity value measured by viscometer was used as a Bioassay model of expectorant activity in vitro and asetyl cysteine was used as positive control. Alkaloid content determination of the ethanolic extract was measured by TLC-Densitometric compared with standard curve of isolated alkaloid as the selected marker (Y=12.1360X+2901.4474). The alkaloid content in the ethanolic extract was determined as 2.35 ± 0.67 %. Bunga kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) secara tradisional digunakan sebagai peluruh dahak. Berdasarkan atas Bioassay Guided Fractionation, fraksi aktif berhasil dipisahkan dan alkaloid merupakan kandungan utama fraksi. Oleh karena itu alkaloid digunakan sebagai senyawa penanda (marker) ekstrak etanol Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Nilai viskositas digunakan sebagai model untuk aktivitas peluruh dahak, dengan asetil sistein sebagai kontrol positif. Selanjutnya penetapan kadar alkaloid dalam ekstrak etanol dilakukan secara KLT-Densitometri (n=5), kadar alkaloid dibandingkan dengan kurva baku dari alkaloid (marker) hasil isolasi (Y=12,1360X+2901,4474). Kadar alkaloid dalam ekstrak etanol kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) sebagai 2,35 ± 0,67 %.
POTENSI EKSTRAK ETANOLIK KULIT BUAH JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantiifolia (Cristm.) Swingle) SEBAGAI AGEN KHEMOPREVENTIF MELALUI PENEKANAN EKSPRESI c-Myc DAN PENGHAMBATAN PROLIFERASI PADA SEL PAYUDARA TIKUS GALUR SPRAGUE DAWLEY TERINDUKSI 7,12-DIMETILBENZ[a]ANTRASENA
Get PDFThe using of natural-based medicine is growing rapidly in societies. Besides being cheap and affordable, natural-based medicine is relatively safer than the synthetic drugs. Peel of Citrus aurantifolia (Cristm.) Swingle) is one of the chemopreventive agent which contain flavonoids have potency as anticarcinogenic agent. This study is designed to study the potency of Citrus aurantifolia peel ethanolic extract in proliferation inhibition of Rattus norvegicus mammary cell of Sprague Dawley strain which is induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Rats were divided into five groups consist of DMBA treatment, CMC-Na treatment, extract 1500 mg/kgBW treatment, treatment of DMBA+ extract 750 mg/kgBW and DMBA+ extract 1500 mg/kgBW. At the beginning of the tenth week of the study, breasts was isolated and stored in 10% formalin buffer. Observation of cell proliferation was done by AgNOR method. C-Myc expression observed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Observation of mammary cell with AgNOR method indicated that the treatment of Citrus aurantifolia peel ethanolic extract can inhibit cell proliferation significantly. Dosage 1500 mg/kgBW gave higher inhibition effect than dosage 750 mg/kgBW. IHC result showed that treatment of Citrus aurantifolia peel ethanolic extract decrease the expression of c-Myc. Dosage 750 mg/kgBW gave lower decreasing effect than dosage 1500 mg/kgBW. Citrus aurantifolia peel ethanolic extract inhibited the proliferation of mammary cell induced DMBA through the inhibition of c-Myc expression in dose dependent phenomena so that it is a potential chemopreventive agent.POTENSI EKSTRAK ETANOLIK KULIT BUAH JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantiifolia (Cristm.) Swingle) SEBAGAI AGEN KHEMOPREVENTIF MELALUI PENEKANAN EKSPRESI c-Myc DAN PENGHAMBATAN PROLIFERASI PADA SEL PAYUDARA TIKUS GALUR SPRAGUE DAWLEY TERINDUKSI 7,12-DIMETILBENZ[a]ANTRASENA POTENCY OF CITRUS PEELS (Citrus aurantiifolia (Cristm.) Swingle) ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AS CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENT THROUGH DOWNREGULATION OF c-Myc EXPRESSION AND INHIBITION OF 7.12-DIMETHYLBENZ[a]ANTRACHENE INDUCED FEMALE SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS BREAST CELL PROLIFERATION Dewi Pratiwi, Novi Hastuti, Niken Nur W, Inna Armandari, Muthi’ Ikawati,Adam Hermawan dan Edy Meiyanto*)Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada ABSTRAK Penggunaan obat berbasis alam saat ini berkembang pesat di semua kalangan masyarakat. Selain karena harga yang lebih terjangkau, obat berbasis alam relatif lebih aman dibandingkan dengan obat sintetik. Kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantiifolia) merupakan salah satu obat berbasis alam mengandung flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai antikarsinogenesis. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengkaji potensi kulit jeruk nipis (C. aurantiifolia) dalam menekan proliferasi sel payudara tikus galur Sprague Dawley yang terinduksi 7,12-Dimetilbenz[a]Antrasena (DMBA). Dalam penelitian ini, tikus dibagi menjadi lima kelompok yakni kelompok perlakuan DMBA, kelompok perlakuan CMC-Na, kelompok perlakuan ekstrak dosis 1500 mg/kgBB , kelompok perlakuan DMBA+ekstrak dosis 750 mg/kgBB dan perlakuan DMBA+ekstrak dosis 1500 mg/kgBB. Pengamatan proliferasi sel payudara dengan metode AgNOR menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak kulit C. aurantiifolia dapat menekan proliferasi sel secara signifikan. Secara kuantitatif signifikansi yang dihasilkan dosis 1500 mg/kgBB lebih tinggi daripada dosis 750 mg/kgBB. Hasil pengamatan imunohistokimia pada ekspresi c-Myc mendukung data sebelumnya. Pada kelompok dosis 750 terlihat warna coklat pada sitosol yang lebih intens dibanding kelompok dosis 1500. Ekstrak etanolik kulit jeruk nipis dapat menekan proliferasi sel payudara terinduksi DMBA, penekanan proliferasi tersebut meningkat seiring peningkatan dosis sehingga jeruk nipis dapat digunakan sebagai agen khemopreventif
PENGARUH WAKTU PEMANENAN DAN TINGKAT MATURASI DAUN TERHADAP KADAR VITEKSIKARPIN DALAM DAUN LEGUNDI (Vitex trifolia L.)
Get PDFLegundi (Vitex trifolia L.) is one of Indonesia’s traditional crops that have not been studied and developed into fitofarmaka. Legundi leaves can be used for therapy in asthmatics with optimum level. Therefore it is necessary for optimization of harvesting Legundi leaves which includes time and degree of maturation of the leaves. Harvesting time optimization by means of harvesting the leaves at the different times i.e. morning, noon, and evening, while the leaf maturation level optimization by way of harvesting leaves numbered one through five of the youngest end, then the time of harvesting and leaves that provide optimum levels of viteksikarpin were assigned. Measurements of viteksikarpin assigned using TLCdensitometry then analyzed using Wincats software and Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The highest viteksikarpin levels in Legundi leaves harvested in the afternoon, then during the day, and the lowest in the morning. The highest viteksikarpin levels of Legundi leaves were on second leaf, first leaf, third leaf, fourth leaf, and the lowest on fifth leaf. Optimum levels of viteksikarpin in Legundi leaves was harvested in the afternoon by picking the first until the third leaf.Legundi (Vitex trifolia L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman tradisional Indonesia yang belum banyak diteliti dan belum dikembangkan menjadi fitofarmaka. Daun legundi dapat digunakan untuk terapi pada penderita asma dengan kadar optimum. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan optimasi pemanenan daun legundi yang meliputi waktu dan tingkat maturasi daun. Optimasi waktu pemanenan dengan cara memanen daun legundi pada waktu yang berbeda yaitu pagi, siang, dan sore hari, sedangkan untuk optimasi tingkat maturasi daun dengan cara memanen daun nomor satu sampai lima dari ujung termuda, selanjutnya ditetapkan waktu pemanenan dan daun yang memberikan kadar viteksikarpin optimum. Pengukuran kadar viteksikarpin ditetapkan secara KLT-densitometri kemudian dianalisis menggunakan software Wincats dan Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Kadar viteksikarpin dalam daun legundi paling tinggi dipanen pada sore hari, kemudian siang hari, dan paling rendah pada pagi hari. Kadar viteksikarpin dalam daun legundi paling tinggi pada daun ke-2, kemudian daun ke-1, daun ke-3, daun ke-4, dan paling rendah pada daun ke-5. Pemanenan yang memberikan kadar viteksikarpin optimum yaitu pemanenan di sore hari dengan memetik daun ke-1 sampai daun ke-3
EFEK MUTAGENIK EKSTRAK METANOL AMPAS BIJI JARAK (Jatropha curcas L.) SISA PENGOLAHAN BAHAN BAKAR NABATI (BIOFUEL)
Get PDFJatropha curcas seed contains viscous oil that can be used for soap making, cosmetic and as biofuel. It contains phorbol ester that was toxic. Biofuel production of Jatropha curcas seed left seedcake from mechanical press process. For safety evaluation, mutagenicity test was carried out. The seedcake was extracted by maceration method at room temperature with methanol and the mutagenic effect was evaluated by Ames test against Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 with or without S9 metabolic activator. Methanolic extract of Jatropha curcas seedcake had no mutagenicity effect against S. typhimurium TA 1535. Biji jarak (Jatropha curcas L) mengandung minyak yang dapat dimanfaatkan pada pembuatan sabun, kosmetik dan juga sebagai bahan bakar nabati (biofuel). Biji jarak mengandung senyawa ester phorbol yang bersifat toksik. Pengolahan minyak biji jarak menjadi bahan bakar nabati menyisakan hasil samping berupa ampas biji yang jumlahnya cukup melimpah. Untuk meyakinkan keamanan penggunaan ampas biji jarak, dilakukan uji mutagenik. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi dengan pelarut metanol, uji mutagenik ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode Ames Test menggunakan bakteri Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535, baik dengan penambahan maupun tanpa penambahan homogenat hati (S9). Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol ampas biji jarak tidak bersifat mutagenik terhadap bakteri S. typhimurium TA 1535.