Policy & Governance Review
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Analysis of the Digital Transformation of Legal Services and the Role of Policy Brokers in KOREA through the Advocacy Coalition Framework
Full text linkThis study examines the intersection of traditional legal services and technological innovation by employing an Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). Our primary focus is on the protracted dispute between the Korean Bar Association and the LawTalk legal service platform. Emerging legal service platforms, such as LawTalk, have disrupted conventional legal frameworks, resulting in substantial regulatory and ethical disputes as digital transformation accelerates, as was particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research examines the development of this conflict over a nine-year period, utilizing the ACF to analyze the roles and influence of the various advocacy coalitions involved. Our findings underscore the dual challenge of integrating new technologies within the rigid structures of traditional legal systems. The conflict, which is primarily focused on the legality and ethical implications of LawTalk's business model, is indicative of more general tensions between innovation and regulation. The critical role of neutral intermediaries in balancing stakeholder interests and adapting policies to technological advancements is underscored by the resolution process, which is mediated by policy brokers such as the Ministry of Justice. The case of LawTalk not only elucidates the intricacies of policy change in the digital era, but also provides valuable insights into the management of sectoral transformations that adhere to both established regulatory norms and innovation. This study elucidates the necessity of ongoing dialogue and adaptation in policy frameworks to accommodate technological change, thereby contributing to our understanding of policy dynamics in the legal domain
Toward a More Responsive and Responsible Bureaucracy: Incorporation of Gender Norm in the EU and Japanese Staffing Policy
Full text linkThis paper discusses limited responsiveness of the public organizations to contemporary social norms. Bureaucracy is sometimes said to be slow and inadequate to accept new principles, but most preceding studies did not directly analyze its causes. This study takes the cases of the European Union and Japan and analyzes the intra and extra organizational impediments in the process of internalization of the gender norms into these personnel administration and draws a hypothesis of the cause(s) of bureaucratic limited responsiveness toward contemporary social norms by the method of agreement. In both cases, gender-related provisions existed in their regulation on staffing from its early days, but its effectiveness was enhanced only recently. In case of the EU before 2000, those responsible for the staffing were initially hesitant to incorporate gender criteria into its policy, and even after recognizing the importance of the norm, they had little idea on how to realize it. In case of Japan, effectiveness of legislation regarding gender equality has been incremental, which represented the practitioners' struggle on conflicting considerations on staffing. Through this analysis, the paper draws a conclusion that public organizations have developed and maintained its basic principles to strengthen its legitimacy and autonomy against its political control, but this bureaucratic practice paradoxically makes the organization less sensitive to newly emerged social norms
Collaboration for Educational Public Policy Making in Nepal in COVID 19 Post-Pandemic Era: A Marketing Perspective
Full text linkThe COVID 19 pandemic creates a situation where innovation/expertise should be incorporate in public decisions promptly. Civil servants should bring such decisions into effect immediately. Thus, COVID 19 pandemic stresses revisiting the roles of politicians, bureaucrats and experts. However, to what extent politicians, bureaucrats and experts are collaborating for the sake of innovative ideas for policy making in COVID 19 post pandemic era in Nepal is limited exploration in Nepal eventhough government of Nepal (GoN) has been carrying out reformation efforts since 1950s and continuing till date. In this purview, this paper aims to explore higher education’s contributions to make public policy from socio-administrative perspective. The research methodology is guided by case study based. Documents of public service Commission, Nepal (PSC) and University Grants Commission, Nepal were reviewed to identify aspirants to join in civil servants at one hand. On the other hand, the teaching methods, syllabuses of Master’s level, research activities, and eventually developed policy briefs were collected from Dean offices of the University and research centres of university to find out the areas where Universities of Nepal provided innovative policy suggestions to government Nepal in administrative reform areas. Finally, interview with deans of Arts and Humanity Faculty and Management Faculty and Research Directorate, department head, secretary of Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration (MOFAGA)- central personnel agency were carried out. Besides, questionnaire survery was carried out to 330 respondents identified from UGC report. The research paper concluded that University contributed theoretical understanding of administrative management effectively whereas limited contributions in strategic areas of public administration
Landscape of Globally Minded Leadership Development for Public Servants
Full text linkThis study aimed to unravel how far the concept of leadership development for agility has gone into the curriculum of higher education institutions (HEI) as an indication of their preparedness for educating public servants in the volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) policy environment of today. A qualitative, systematic analytical method was adopted by referencing the public policy and administration schools of the world's top 100 ranked universities in The Times Higher Education World University Overall Rankings 2024. The results were categorized into three executive programs with the potential for leadership enhancement through customized arrangements, two executive programs with the label of "leadership," and one executive program that specifically addresses agility-relevant leadership development for the VUCA era. The study concluded that leadership development focusing on agility is still at an infancy/early stage of adoption by the world's public policy and administration schools. This study made a step forward by identifying where the programs are already running, down to the point where the university is running, and which public policy and administration programs. The practical implications of the study reside in its referential value for those governments and/or their professionals in identifying where services are provided
Intrapreneurship and Business Performance among Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in the Philippines
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the intrapreneurship and business performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises in Iloilo City, Philippines. Intrapreneurship includes new business ventures, innovation, self-renewal, and proactiveness. Business performance includesfinancial and market performance . Survey data we re collected from 162 enterprise owners or managers from industries such as manufacturing, wholesale, retail trade and repair services, accommodation/food services, financial and insurance services, and others. The results confirm a positive correlation between intrapreneurship and business performance. A significant difference was detected in the level of innovativeness when enterprises were grouped according to their business type. The majority of the enterprises were operating for between 5 and 14 years, mostly micro enterprises and sole proprietorships. Marketing and operations activities were highly practiced by the enterprises. Support from other entities was rated the highest in comparison with partnerships with academe and government support. The highest mean score for proactiveness indicates a high level of intrapreneurship. Medium enterprises and those operating for 45 or more years have very high market performance. To encourage an intrapreneurship culture within the organization, where creativity and innovation can be fostered to enhance business performance, an efficient and effective intrapreneurship program is recommended
Policy Coherence and Consistency: An Analysis of the Philippine Foreign Policy towards the West Philippine Sea
Full text linkThe territorial dispute in the West Philippine Sea (WPS) has long been a significant threat to the peace and security of not only the Philippines but also of the broader Indo-Pacific region. Despite the emergence of other key global issues, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, tensions in the disputed islands have continued to escalate, compelling the Philippines to pursue various strategies to protect and promote its national interests. This research aims to analyze and compare the consistency and coherence of the foreign policy strategies pursued by the last three administrations, namely the Aquino, Duterte, and Marcos Jr. administrations, with regard to the WPS. It seeks to understand and evaluate the foreign policy of each administration through the lens of both international relations and public policy theories. To produce substantive qualitative research, the author utilized a variety of data sources, including relevant literature, interviews with Philippine diplomats, and official statements by the Presidents. Considering that the Philippines elects a new president every six years and a confluence of factors affect its foreign policy, this paper advocates for a consistent and coherent foreign policy that transcends presidential terms. Given that war is never an option for the country, the President, as the chief architect of Philippine foreign policy, must exhaust all diplomatic measures available to protect and promote the nation's interests
Organizational Culture, Human Resource Strategies, and Organizational Climate as Modifiers of Organizational Performance of Region Ii Trauma and Medical Center
Full text linkThis study aimed to analyze organizational culture, HR strategies, organizational climate, and performance at Region II Trauma and Medical Center (R2TMC) and their relationships. A descriptive-inferential research method using a structured questionnaire was employed, with 314 randomly selected personnel as respondents. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and correlation procedures. Findings revealed a strong organizational culture marked by employee involvement, consistency, adaptability, and a shared mission. HR strategies were effectively implemented in recruitment, performance management, and employee development. The organizational climate scored high in clarity, standards, responsibility, and teamwork, while R2TMC demonstrated strong performance in ethics, leadership, and communication. The study confirmed significant correlations between these factors. A strong organizational culture enhances HR strategies and climate, while effective HR strategies foster a positive climate. Aligning these elements is crucial for maximizing performance. Results suggest R2TMC’s responsive approach supports staff growth and well-being, impacting financial, operational, and employee management outcomes. Finally, the study proposes a performance enhancement model based on these findings
Artificial Intelligence in Governance: The State of Facial Recognition Technology in Canada
Full text linkInnovation in public service delivery can help the rapid transformation of society into a post-COVID era. In addition to minimizing administrative hassles, efficiently using Artificial Intelligence (AI) can protect citizens from unwanted behaviors. AI broadly denotes the efficiency of computers in replicating human intelligence, such as identifying different patterns and making predictions and decisions. AI encompasses numerous techniques, and machine learning is one of the most widely used. Machine learning is a method of deploying large datasets to make predictions that improve over time with more data. By 2030, Canada aims to have one of the most robust national AI ecosystems in the world, founded upon scientific excellence, high-quality training, deep talent pools, public-private collaboration, and their strong value of advancing AI technologies to bring positive social, economic, and environmental benefits for people and the planet. This study intended to assess the overall situation of AI in governance and policy compliance. I found that the country relies on patchwork and faces numerous legal and practical issues owing to the absence of an umbrella policy and organization. This research also proposes ideas to enhance governance to improve biometric data protection, legal frameworks, and quality standards for collecting biometric data based on the FRT. This study is based on focus group discussions, policy papers of the government of Canada, and many other literature and research articles
Cooperation or Confrontation? Analyzing the Existing Policy Provisions, Intergovernmental Mechanisms, and Practical Challenges of Cooperative Federalism in Nepal
Full text linkThis study examines the policy and practice of cooperative federalism in Nepal by analyzing constitutional mandates, legislative frameworks, and empirical evidence. The principles of cooperation, coexistence, and coordination established in the Constitution of Nepal serve as a foundation for institutionalizing cooperative federalism, with the caveat that political, fiscal, and administrative factors have challenged its effective implementation. Although decentralization processes have been initiated, political parties appear unwilling to devolve power, mostly considering centralization as a means of control rather than fostering intergovernmental collaboration. Furthermore, fiscal challenges, jurisdictional ambiguities, and weak institutional mechanisms impede effective federal governance. The findings show that legal ambiguities, political centralization, restricted financial independence, and the ineffectiveness of coordinating mechanisms have led to tenacious difficulties in cooperative governance, resulting in inefficiencies and conflicts among all tiers of government that undermine policy coherence and service delivery. This study demands a clearer devolution of powers, fiscal autonomy, institutionalized intergovernmental coordination, and a reduction in political interference to strengthen cooperative federalism. This approach eventually subsidizes a more resilient and sustainable governance agenda that aligns with constitutional principles of inclusive governance