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Het sublieme ‘Vilhems Kamer’ behoort tot het beste dat Tove Ditlevsen heeft geschreven
No full textItem does not contain fulltextT. Ditlevsen Vilhelms Kamer Amsterdam:Das Mag Uitgeverij ,2024 978949332096
There is a power law of joint communicative effort and it reflects communicative work
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311605.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)A drive towards efficiency seems to regulate communicative processes and ultimately language change. In line with efficiency principles, signed, spoken, and/or gestural utterances tend to reduce in overall effort over repeated referrals in referential tasks. Although theories generally assume multimodality and interaction, this process has mostly been operationalized as individual effort in a single communicative modality. Here we seek to understand reduction of communicative effort in its natural environment, i.e. during multimodal and collaborative face-to-face dialogues about displaced referents. We ascertain that the reduction in joint effort (y) over repeated referrals (x) follows a negative power relationship, y = a*x^c, where a and c are constants. This reduction in communicative effort is multimodal, occurring across gesture, speech, prosody, and turn taking, and it is interactive, based on joint effort. The pattern is robust, being confirmed through reanalyses of published datasets about (individual) effort reduction. Crucially, the pattern is communicatively relevant. The coefficient of the power relationship predicts change and convergence in interlocutors' conceptualizations of the communicative referents over the interaction. The negative power relationship reflects therefore how effort translates into mutual understanding - a process we call communicative work. We suggest that the power function captures an exploration-exploitation trade-off during human dialogue which emerges from multiscale processes. Joint conceptualization of novel referents benefits from early conceptual exploration followed by later exploitation of selected signals. The current report proposes a novel 'power law of joint communicative work' that is relevant for linguistic theory, agent-based modeling, and experimental psychology.10 p
Substituent Effects on Sulfur Phenolate Exchange Reactions: Reactivity and Bonding Analysis
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325560.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)9 p
Disentangling the neural underpinnings of response inhibition in disruptive behavior and co-occurring ADHD
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322229.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)While impaired response inhibition has been reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), findings in disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) have been inconsistent, probably due to unaccounted effects of co-occurring ADHD in DBD. This study investigated the associations of behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition with DBD and ADHD symptom severity, covarying for each other in a dimensional approach. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were available for 35 children and adolescents with DBDs (8-18 years old, 19 males), and 31 age-matched unaffected controls (18 males) while performing a performance-adjusted stop-signal task. No significant association was found between behavioral performance and symptom severities. However, contrasting successful inhibition with failed inhibition revealed that DBD and ADHD symptom severity was associated with greater activation in the right inferior frontal regions and reduced activation in the bilateral striatal regions, respectively. During successful inhibition versus go-trials, ADHD symptom severity was associated with the left lateral occipital cortex activation. The contrast of failed inhibition versus go-trials revealed reduced activation in the right frontal and left parietal regions associated with DBD symptom severity while ADHD symptom severity was associated with bilateral precunei, dorsolateral prefrontal and left posterior parietal regions. Except for the right inferior frontal regions during successful versus failed inhibition, all clusters were also found to be inversely associated with the other dimension of interest (i.e., DBD or ADHD symptoms). Opposite direction of the associations between DBD and ADHD symptom severity, and fronto-parietal and fronto-striatal activation suggest unique contributions of DBD and ADHD to the neural correlates of response inhibition.01 juli 202515 p
[Sex differences in the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in primary care].
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323021.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)OBJECTIVE: To investigate sex differences in the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in primary care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study among 14,384 patients with hypertension from the Julius General Practitioners' Network, without cardiovascular disease or diabetes, treated with antihypertensive medications. METHODS: We compared men and women in the number and type of prescribed antihypertensives and their blood pressure. RESULTS: Women (n=8596) and men (n=5788) were prescribed the same number of antihypertensive agents on average (1.8). Women received lower dosages, more often beta-blockers (35% vs. 26%, p<0.001) and diuretics (54% vs. 51%, p<0.001), but less often ACE inhibitors (35% vs. 46%, p<0.001) and calcium channel blockers (29% vs. 36%, p<0.001). Blood pressure control was more often achieved in women than in men (50% vs. 46%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Although current guidelines do not distinguish between sexes, differences exist in the type and dosage of antihypertensives prescribed, and in the rate of blood pressure control
The timecourse of inter-object contextual facilitation
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298550.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)igh-level vision is frequently studied at the level of either individual objects or whole scenes. An intermediate level of visual organisation that has received less attention is the “object constellation” – a familiar configuration of contextually-associated objects (e.g., plate + spoon). Recent behavioural studies have shown that information from multiple objects can be integrated to support observers' high-level understanding of a “scene” and its constituent objects. Here we used EEG in human participants (both sexes) to test when the visual system integrates information across objects to support recognition, using representations of objects' real-world size as a proxy for recognition. We briefly presented masked object constellations consisting of object silhouettes of either large (e.g., chair + table) or small (e.g., plate + spoon) real-world size, while independently varying retinal size. As a control, observers also viewed each silhouette in isolation. If object context facilitates object recognition, real-world size should be inferred more effectively when the objects appear in their contextually-associated pairs than in isolation, leading to the emergence of real-world size information in multivariate EEG patterns. Representational similarity analysis revealed that neural activity patterns captured information about the real-world size of object constellations from ∼200 msec after stimulus onset. This representation was stronger for, and specific to, object pairs as compared to single objects, and remained significant after regressing out visual similarity models derived from computational models. These results provide evidence for inter-object facilitation of visual processing, leading to a qualitatively different high-level representation of object pairs than single objects.15 p
Mavacamten in Symptomatic Nonobstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
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324760.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)BACKGROUND: Mavacamten is approved to treat adults with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, its effects in nonobstructive HCM remain uncertain. METHODS: We conducted a phase 3, international, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial to determine whether mavacamten improves functional capacity and patient-reported health status among adults with symptomatic nonobstructive HCM. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive mavacamten (starting at 5 mg per day and adjusted up to a maximum of 15 mg per day on the basis of left ventricular ejection fraction) or placebo (with sham dose adjustment) for 48 weeks. The two primary end points were the change from baseline to week 48 in peak oxygen uptake and in the 23-item Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (KCCQ-CSS; scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). RESULTS: We randomly assigned 289 patients to receive mavacamten and 291 to receive placebo. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 56±15 years, and 46% were women. From baseline to week 48, the least-squares mean change in peak oxygen uptake was 0.52 ml per kilogram of body weight per minute (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09 to 0.95) in the mavacamten group and 0.05 ml per kilogram per minute (95% CI, -0.38 to 0.47) in the placebo group (between-group difference, 0.47 ml per kilogram per minute; 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.98; P = 0.07). The least-squares mean change in the KCCQ-CSS was 13.1 points (95% CI, 10.7 to 15.5) in the mavacamten group and 10.4 points (95% CI, 8.0 to 12.8) in the placebo group (between-group difference, 2.7 points; 95% CI, -0.1 to 5.6; P = 0.06). Reductions in ejection fraction and interruptions in the trial regimen were more common with mavacamten than with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with nonobstructive HCM, mavacamten did not result in a significantly greater improvement in peak oxygen uptake or decrease in symptoms than placebo. (Funded by Bristol Myers Squibb; ODYSSEY-HCM ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05582395.)
Een mini over ‘mini’ en de executeur
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326404.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)3 p
Not Time to Abandon Cholecystectomy for Symptomatic Cholelithiasis-Reply
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321784.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
Mechanized Type Soundness for Substructural Types using Iris (Invited Tutorial)
No full textItem does not contain fulltextCOORDINATION 202