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Gamma-ray bursts
No full textItem does not contain fulltextGamma-ray bursts are flashes of high-energy radiation lasting from a fraction of a second to several hours. Military satellites made the first detections of GRBs in the late 1960s. The γ-ray emission forms from shocks in a relativistic jet launched from a compact central engine. In addition to the emission of γ-rays, the interaction of the jet with the surrounding medium yields afterglow emission that can be observed across the electromagnetic spectrum. Redshift measurements from these afterglows place GRBs from the local to the distant Universe. The central engines of GRBs are thought to be either a hyperaccreting black hole or a highly magnetized neutron star (magnetar). There is now strong observational evidence that this central engine is created either in the core collapse of a rapidly rotating massive star or via the merger of two compact objects (neutron stars or a neutron star with a black hole). The combination of stellar scale events with extreme energies and luminosities makes GRBs powerful probes of the extreme physics involved in their production and of other areas of astrophysics and cosmology. These include as the electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources, the production and acceleration of relativistic jets, the synthesis of heavy elements, the study of the interstellar and intergalactic medium, and the identification of the collapse of early generations of stars
Decoding Carotid Blood Flow: A Cascaded Approach to Velocity Vector Imaging
No full textItem does not contain fulltextRadboud University, 02 februari 2026Promotores : Korte, C.L. de, Saris, A.E.C.M
The effect of background music on the recognition memory of spoken sentences
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326602.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)The aim of this study is to investigate whether individuals can use background music as a facilitative cue for sentence recognition by testing if the music is stored in memory along with sentences. It focuses on the context congruency effect, especially encoding specificity and context-dependent memory. Sixty native Dutch participants were tested on a continuous recognition memory paradigm in which Dutch sentences were presented in background music and repeated with the same or different music after a lag of four, eight, or 16 items. The results demonstrated a recognition benefit for sentences presented in the same background music during both encoding and retrieval (congruent condition), compared to sentences accompanied by different background music at encoding and retrieval (incongruent condition). In addition, sentence recognition accuracy decreased with increasing lag. Taken together, these results demonstrate that hearing sentences in the same background music has a beneficial effect on recognition memory, suggesting integral processing of sentences and background music in memory.12 p
Performance of the Cumulative Biotic Index (CBI) and other biotic indices in assessing ecological health of the Upper Citarum River, Indonesia
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322658.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
Long-Term Outcomes of Surgical Drooling Treatment in Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: A Retrospective Cohort Study
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325346.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)10 p
Individual differences in infants' curiosity are linked to cognitive capacity in early childhood
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325376.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Research has shown that infants are curious and actively seek situations from which they can learn. For instance, a recent eye-tracking study demonstrates that babies tend to allocate their attention to stimuli that offer opportunities for learning new information. Interestingly, however, the degree to which attention is guided by information gain varies among individual infants. This longitudinal study provides the first empirical evidence suggesting that these early individual differences in infants' sensitivity to information gain are linked to later cognitive development. Specifically, we found that the extent to which infants' attention was guided by information gain at 8 months was related to their IQ scores at 3.5 years of age (n = 60, 50% female): especially children who displayed the greatest curiosity as infants tended to have a more favourable cognitive development. These findings demonstrate the lasting consequences of early existing differences in curiosity-driven exploration for later childhood cognitive development. SUMMARY: We link individual differences in curiosity, measured as infants' sensitivity to information gain, to later cognitive outcomes. Infants' sensitivity to information gain was related to their IQ scores 3 years later. Curiosity may act as a boost, improving cognitive functioning for those children that were especially curious during infancy.11 p
From age two, children use pronouns to predict who will speak next in conversation
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324206.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Children's exposure to language is shaped by interactional needs in conversation. Prior research has largely focused on how such language influences word learning and long-term lexical knowledge. However, the effects of interactional language are likely to go far beyond word learning. Earlier studies showed that in conversation, from around age 2;6 children who are watching a conversation are more likely to spontaneously switch their gaze to an upcoming responder when they hear a question compared to when they hear a non-question. However, what information drives these predictions remains unclear. Tracking the eye gaze behavior of Dutch children (1-4-year-olds) and adults, the purpose of this research was to examine whether participant's predictions are driven by individually informative linguistic cues, comparing two cues associated with interrogatives: one lexical cue (subject pronoun) and one canonically associated prosodic cue (utterance-final intonation). We find that from age children 2;0 make more and earlier anticipations of an upcoming addressee response when hearing the early lexical cue (you vs. I subject pronouns), but we have no evidence that their predictions are changed by the later prosodic cue. Further, we investigated how cue use depends on linguistic context by comparing semantically meaningful (Study 1) and non-meaningful (Study 2) context. Only in meaningful contexts did participants show a pronoun advantage in predicting conversational structure. This suggests that using these cues relies on broader linguistic context. The findings take us a step closer to understanding how linguistic and interactional skills become intertwined in development.19 p
