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EXPERIENCE VERSUS AUTHORITY: THE SEARCH FOR GENDER EQUALITY IN CHAUCER'S "THE WIFE OF BATH'S PROLOGUE AND TALE"
Get PDFOver the past few years much interest has been put on gender equality. There has been a changing perception of the attitudes which emerges and shapes women's role in society and relationships. Formerly, social ideas and customs dictated women to be subservient. But now the changing social structure gives women space to pursue gender equality. Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. 1343-1400) had addressed this issue in his work, "The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale." This paper discusses how Alisoun, the wife Bath, through her prologue and tale, shows the contradiction of the oppressive traditions and customs imposed on women and attempts to present the idea of gender equality
THE CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY OF REALITY IN LITERARY RESEARCH
Get PDFAs a sign system, literature is not limited to the imaginative world only. Literature, however, is also a system which involves the author, the work, the reader, and the field of knowledge (society).
Although the facts presented tend to be mental facts, it does not mean that facts in literature cannot be seen as data about the existing social reality. Referring to literature as a sign system, which stresses the mimetic and creative aspects, literature as a construction can be seen as the reflection of reality with two dimensions, subjective and objective. Therefore, the assumption that facts in literature are not the reflections of reality cannot be accepted.
Based on the framework of semiotic thinking which emphasizes literature as a sign system, the social dimension could be applied in literary approaches, one of them is the constructivist theory of reality by Berger and Luckman.
Through the constructivist theory of reality, literature can be analyzed as the reflections of subjective and objective realities. In other words, literary approach can be directed from literature as the product and its author
A JOURNEY ACROSS THE ATLANTIC: THE HISTORY OF MELODRAMA IN WESTERN LANDSCAPE
Get PDFMelodrama has long been considered as a genre with no artistic value by theatre/drama historians. It is there to cater the tastes of the lower class or the popular society; thus, it is not a genre worthy of literary scholars. Through New Historicism lens, however, such a consideration is given by people with elitist point of view. As it is discussed in the following paper, melodrama has a lot to offer. It has been a genre with a lot of values attached to it since it's "birth" in France, its development in England, and maturation in the United States. Unlike the other genres, which are not free from values and biases, melodrama is more frank in delivering its messages
TRIANGULATION OF INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA SOURCE: A STRONGER METHOD IN ASSESSING ENGLISH LANGUAGE NEEDS
Get PDFThis paper proposes the importance of multiple instrumentation and data source (triangulation) in a needs analysis. Various data gathering methods developed in assessing learners' English language needs are reviewed. The justification of employing more than a single data gathering method and data source in a needs analysis is also presented by examining the strengths and weaknesses of each method and evaluating previous needs analyses carried out in some Asian countries. Highlights are then given to the methodology mostly implemented in assessing English needs in Indonesia and a recommendation is addressed to further studies on learners's needs in Indonesi
TECHNOLOGY VS NATURE: HUMAN ERROR IN DEALING WITH NATURE IN CRICHTON'S JURASSIC PARK
Get PDFWitnessing the euphoria of the era of biotechnology in the late twentieth century, Crichton exposes the theme of biotechnology in his works. In Jurassic Park, he voices his concern about the impact of the use of biotechnology to preserve nature and its living creatures. He further describes how the purpose of preserving nature and the creatures has turned out to be destructive. This article discusses Crichton's main character, Hammond, who attempts to control nature by genetically recreating the extinct fossil animals. It seems that the attempt ignores his human limitations. Although he is confident that has been equipped with the technology, he forgets to get along with nature. His way of using technology to accomplish his purpose proves not to be in harmony with nature. As a consequence, nature fights back. And he is conquered
SOEKARNO: HIS MANNERISM AND METHOD OF COMMUNICATION
Get PDFThe main purpose of this article is to discuss Soekarno's mannerism and method of communication. Certain aspects such as Soekarno's use of language in his speeches are highlighted here in order to provide some basic understanding of Soekarno - both as a person and a political leader of the nation. The article aims at stimulating further discussions concerning this very well known leader. This article also examines Soeharto's style of speech for a comparison
RECONSTRUCTING WOMANHOOD IN TONY MORRISON'S BELOVED
Get PDFTony Morrison's fifth novel, Beloved (1987), explores the degradation of slavery imposed upon slaves, even when they were owned by a "humane" slave master. The novel is set in the Reconstruction period, the period after the American civil war. The word reconstruction may be used for the Afro-Americans, especially for the Afro-American women who face double discrimination for being black and women. In dealing with women's oppression, Afro-American women have to reconstruct themselves as an act of survival, and to be aware of the horrors of the experiences which their ancestors had to go through
PRESENTATIONS OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMAGES IN A. M. KOLLONTAI'S VASILISA MALIGINA: A SEARCH FOR AN IDEAL WOMAN
Get PDFThis article is a contribution to the issue of possible relation between fiction and society, approached by a study of A.M. Kollontai's story, Vasilisa Maligina. The aim of the study is to examine how far the Kollontai's background, her purpose of writing, and condition of society under which she lived and wrote contribute to her concept on an ideal woman. By analyzing her story, it can be concluded that "Kollontai creates the new woman-her literary work ( Vasilisa Maligina) reflects the creation.
A STUDY ON THE CONFLICTING IDEAS OF BLACK WOMEN'S ROLES IN SULA AND NEL'S FRIENDSHIP AS SEEN IN TONI MORRISON'S SULA
No full textToni Morrison's Sula portrays the conflicting ideas of two black women, Sula and Nel who used to settle themselves as soulmates. Starting as friends of deepest emotion and sharing all the deepest dark secrets in Medallion, Sula and Nel continue their journeys of life in separation and come to the gate of adulthood which drags them to meet again in different encounter. Those years of separation between both of them have set enough barriers on their relationship to know each other better as they used to in the past. Sula's and Nel's teenagehood which has been spent on different places brought them into an unending conflict of black women's roles in their relationships as friends
UNDERSTANDING PROSE THROUGH TASK ORIENTED AUDIO-VISUAL ACTIVITY: AN AMERICAN MODERN PROSE COURSE AT THE FACULTY OF LETTERS, PETRA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Get PDFThe method presented here provides the basis for a course in American prose for EFL students. Understanding and appreciation of American prose is a difficult task for the students because they come into contact with works that are full of cultural baggage and far apart from their own world. The audio visual aid is one of the alternatives to sensitize the students to the topic and the cultural background. Instead of proving the ready-made audio visual aids, teachers can involve students to actively engage in a more task oriented audiovisual project. Here, the teachers encourage their students to create their own audio visual aids using colors, pictures, sound and gestures as a point of initiation for further discussion. The students can use color that has become a strong element of fiction to help them calling up a forceful visual representation. Pictures can also stimulate the students to build their mental image. Sound and silence, which are a part of the fabric of literature, may also help them to increase the emotional impact