11237 research outputs found
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Relationship between parents’ and daughters' self-reported attitudes, protective behaviours and online behaviours in relation to remote-coerced child sexual abuse
No full textBackground: In 2021, the Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) ran a public awareness campaign aimed at providing parents and 11–13-year-old daughters with the knowledge to build resilience against online groomers who attempt to elicit remote-coerced sexual imagery of children. A parent-child paired response survey was con ducted as part of the campaign monitoring. Objective: The purpose was to use the survey data to investigate the relationship between awareness campaign exposure, parents/carers’ self-reported attitudes and protective behaviours and children’s self-reported attitudes and online behaviour in relation to remote-coerced child sexual abuse (RCCSA). Participants and setting: 3132 participants, comprising 1566 parents/carers and 1566 of their daughters aged 11–13.Method: Three surveys were conducted: pre-campaign launch, six weeks into campaign and 12 weeks into campaign. Surveys were completed by parent/carer and child pairs. Correlational and regression analysis was conducted on the aggregated responses. Findings: Viewing more campaign materials was associated with more positive outcomes. However, this did not increase the likelihood that girls would tell someone if they received a request for explicit material. Daughters are more willing to disclose a request for explicit material when they have stronger ties with friends and family and weaker ties with strangers and when parents are open to seeking information and employing multiple strategies to respond. Conclusions: Four recommendations for RCCSA prevention were made: prioritise empowerment models over safety models for children, prioritise talking over strict controlling measures, raise awareness of the full range of motivations and offending types, and tailor interventions to specific audiences.</p
Exploring the use of musical activities implemented in home-based dementia care as part of the HOMESIDE study
No full textThis paper explores how person-centred musical activities were used in HOMESIDE (Baker et al. 2019, 2023), an internationalRCT exploring music and reading in dementia care. Demographic, case summary, and diary data were analysed from 10 participant pairs, across 5 countries. Listening to music was the most used activity. Dyads changed their approach over time and incorporated varied forms of music into daily life. Benefits were described in physical, behavioural, psychological, cognitive, and relational areas. This research highlights the benefits of music training for informal caregivers. A "Triangle of care" approach to provide care and support for the caregiver and care recipient is recommended.</p
Exploring the revitalisation of endangered intangible heritage and languages through multimedia storytelling and immersive technologies: a case study of virtual reality and 2D film with the Kusunda community in Nepal
No full textIntroduction: Reviving Kusunda is a project that explores the utility of immersive storytelling for the revitalisation of an endangered indigenous culture and language in Nepal called Kusunda. As part of this project, we compared the impact of a virtual reality (VR) experience (entitled Kusunda: Speak to Awaken) and a 2D companion film on audience engagement and emotional connections with the personal stories portrayed in both formats.MethodsData were collected through three focus groups conducted in the United Kingdom (n = 15) and three in Nepal (n = 15), as well completion of quantitative surveys by participants in the United Kingdom that were preceded by screenings of both formats (N = 100).ResultsThe qualitative and quantitative results indicated the importance of integrating both VR and 2D film to maximize audience engagement. Specifically, while viewing the 2D film as a group appeared to promote group identity and wider access, the VR format was considered more effective for immersing oneself within the environment and developing an emotional connection, building on an understanding of how members of the Kusunda community live. Similarly, the quantitative results showed that participants found both formats to be highly informative and in terms of knowledge gain, although the VR format was more effective than the 2D format in terms entertainment and enjoyment, and emotional engagement.DiscussionOverall, these results suggest that using a multi-pronged approach that leverages the benefits of both VR and 2D film can be effective in attempts to preserve endangered languages and heritage.</p
Healthcare systems informatics: the impact of implementing a hospital information system in Trinidad and Tobago
No full textBackground: Hospital Information Systems have shown the potential to enhance the clinical workflow and improve the administrative process with the delivery of healthcare that improves patient access to the quality of healthcare. However, despite its many benefits, barriers with the adoption still hinder a successful implementation in Trinidad and Tobago.Objectives: This research investigated factors that influenced the implementation of a Hospital Information System in Trinidad and Tobago and explained the potential implications with the quality of service, transfer of patient information and hospital management.Methods: Four case studies on three hospitals in Trinidad and Tobago were conducted. Data were collected via interviews with technology staff, administrative staff and healthcare systems Vendors between the periods of June 2021 to May 2022. The case studies were examined in the context of relevant literature on the subject.Results: The findings found the implementation of a hospital information system could provide numerous benefits in the quality of patient healthcare however; the complexity of the system has never seemed to live up to its true potential. The finding found that factors impacting its adoption where based around service quality, user satisfaction and clinical administration. Organizational decision making also impacted its adoption to infrastructure issues, user training and technical human resource constrains.Conclusion: The implementation of a hospital information system goes way beyond adopting technology as a tool. Leadership is required in all areas with its adoption in users taking ownership. It is imperative that Hospital Management maintain its service contracts and work together with end-users and System Vendors in order to address any of the potential barriers for improved adoption. The study adopted its theoretical perspective from the DeLone and McLean (2003) IS Model as a consolidated framework in addressing the complexity of healthcare in Trinidad and Tobago.</p
A phase III study comparing preservative-free latanoprost eye drop emulsion with preserved latanoprost in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
No full textBackground/Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preservative-free latanoprost eye drop emulsion in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) versus preserved latanoprost in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: A Phase III non-inferiority study randomised patients with OAG/OHT 1:1 to receive preservative-free latanoprost eye drop emulsion or preserved latanoprost. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in peak (9:00 A.M. ± 1 h) and trough (4:00 P.M. ± 1 h) IOP at Week 12 (non-inferiority margin: 95% confidence interval for treatment difference of ≤1.5 mmHg). Key secondary endpoints were change from baseline in corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score and in ocular surface disease (OSD) average symptom score at Week 12 (in patients with baseline CFS ≥ 1 or OSD score > 0, respectively). Results: Non-inferiority criteria for IOP-lowering were met. Least square (LS) mean (standard error [SE]) IOP change from baseline with preservative-free latanoprost eye drop emulsion (N = 193) versus preserved latanoprost (N = 193) at Week 12 was −8.8 (0.3) mmHg versus −8.2 (0.3) mmHg at peak (difference: −0.6 mmHg; nominal p = 0.023); −8.6 (0.2) mmHg versus −8.1 (0.3) mmHg at trough (difference: −0.5 mmHg; p = 0.080). LS mean change in CFS (SE) was −0.7 (0.07) with preservative-free latanoprost eye drop emulsion and −0.4 (0.08) with preserved latanoprost (nominal p Conclusions: Preservative-free latanoprost eye drop emulsion demonstrated non-inferior IOP-lowering efficacy compared with preserved latanoprost, and improved signs and symptoms of OSD.</p
Post-pandemic attitudes towards participation in research on singing: results of an online survey of people with dementia and their carers
No full textAim: Our aim was to survey people with dementia and their carers with respect to their propensity to join a randomized trial of community singing in dementia, in the context of uncertainty following the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: We employed an online anonymous questionnaire, comparing activities before and after lockdown, worries about COVID-19, whether people would attend a singing group and what measures might make this more likely. With a target sample of 100, the survey was distributed to the general population of people with dementia and carers in the UK between June and August 2022. Results: We had a total of 168 respondents, of whom 30% were people living with dementia and 70% were carers. Those who were not worried (roughly 62%) were more likely to go out to groups. Worries about COVID-19 affected 38% of respondents but some judged the risk of going out to be worthwhile. Most felt able to take adequate precautions against infection. However, COVID-19 transmission was not the main impediment to attending a singing group and 19% of respondents were simply not interested in doing so, while mobility and shyness deterred others. Conclusions: Given recruitment problems, quantitative studies of singing in dementia need to take account of individual preferences as well as contextual barriers, including fear of virus transmission, individual perceptions of the intervention and logistical obstacles to participation.</p
Twenty-four-hour movement guidelines and depressive symptoms: association, temporal trends and moderators over a ten-year period among 45,297 US adolescents
No full textThe aims of the present study were: (1) to examine the association between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and depressive symptoms among U.S. adolescents; (2) to analyze the temporal trends of this association; and (3) to test whether sex, age, or race/ethnicity moderate these associations. This is a cross-sectional study using repeated data collection from the high school Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS), involving 45,297 adolescents in the US (49.7% females). Data were collected bi-annually between 2011 and 2021. These surveys represent cross-sectional snapshots rather than a longitudinal study, capturing data at distinct points in time across multiple years. The three 24-h movement guidelines, including guidelines for physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration were assessed by self-reported questions. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the question “During the past 12 months, did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing your usual activities?” with yes/no answer options. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was employed to gauge the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines (exposure) and the likelihood of having depressive symptoms (outcome). The year of data collection was included as a random intercept in the mixed-effects model to account for potential variations in depressive symptoms across different time points. The model was further adjusted for covariates, including sex, age, race/ethnicity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, school bullying, cyberbullying, and excess weight. Adolescents meeting all three 24-h movement guidelines (physical activity, screen time, and sleep) had the lowest probability of depressive symptoms (21.3%, 95% CI 17.3–25.3%) compared to those meeting none (37.6%, 95% CI 33.4–41.8%). Significant protective effects were observed across all adherence levels (p<0.05). Over the 2011–2021 period, adherence remained consistently associated with reduced depressive symptoms, with the strongest effects seen in 2019 and 2021. Younger adolescents, males, and White individuals showed the greatest benefits, while females, older adolescents, Black, Hispanic/Latino, and individuals from other racial/ethnic groups exhibited weaker protective effects despite adherence. Findings from the present study highlight the importance of encouraging adherence to 24-h movement guidelines as a potential strategy to reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents. Notably, the protective effects of adherence varied across sociodemographic groups, with younger adolescents, females, and White individuals experiencing the greatest benefits.</p
Modeling the relationship between prominence and semantics in English compounds
No full textHow stress patterns in English noun-noun compounds relate to their semantic properties and how pitch and intensity contours correlate with semantics.</p
Barriers and facilitators for engaging underrepresented ethnic minority populations in healthcare research: an umbrella review
No full textAbstract
Background
Research highlights that participation of ethnic minority individuals in research is low when compared to white counterparts. This poses challenges for healthcare planning and delivery, as lack of representativeness in research means that findings are generalised across all ethnic groups, and do not provide stakeholders with a full picture of how minority populations are affected. This contributes to health inequalities as these populations may then be underserved and not get the best possible management if differences due to ethnicity were to exist. This study synthesises the barriers to engaging minority individuals in research to understand, and enablers to better engagement of different minority communities in healthcare research.
Methods
Five databases were searched (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science and EMBASE) up to 29th April 2024, resulting in 897 articles, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from reviews and synthesised using qualitative meta-aggregation techniques. The socio-ecological framework was applied to synthesise the main outcomes. A protocol for this review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024532686).
Results
The main barriers for research participation included: mistrust of healthcare professionals, research and researchers; socioeconomic and logistical challenges; language and cultural barriers; lack of awareness; external influences and perceived bias. Facilitators to support better research participation included: Community engagement and personalised approaches; culturally sensitive research strategies; linguistically appropriate study materials and study advertising; education workshops.
Conclusions
To enable wider participation, it is important to understand not only the barriers but also to employ culturally appropriate facilitators, engaging with patient and public involvement (PPI) groups that communities trust, offer cultural training for researchers, and adopt a more collaborative and transparent way of working. This overview highlights the work that needs to be done on an intrapersonal, interpersonal, community and policy level to make research accessible and inclusive for ethnic minority groups.</p
Nutrition and physical activity in musculoskeletal health
No full textA balanced diet and regular physical activity are essential for maintaining musculoskeletal health. Key nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D, and protein are especially important for preventing falls and fractures. While the benefits of these nutrients are well-established, other dietary components have not been studied as extensively. For instance, vegetables, which are rich in nutrients vital for muscle and bone health, play a crucial role in preventing falls and fractures. Over recent decades, a great emphasis has been given to the combinations of nutrients and foods in dietary patterns that may have synergistic or antagonistic effects. Despite the challenges in researching the impact of nutrition and physical activity on musculoskeletal health due to the extensive heterogeneity of the results, healthcare professionals should continue to promote healthy eating and regular physical activity, and these principles should be emphasized in public health initiatives. Ultimately, a sufficient and balanced diet, abundant in plant-based foods and low in processed or discretionary foods, along with consistent physical activity, remains the most effective strategy for the prevention of musculoskeletal issues. This article aims to review the updated literature of recent years on the links between nutrition and physical activity with bone and skeletal muscle health.</p
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