11237 research outputs found
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Addressing the challenges of evaluating curriculum enhancement and learning development: An institutional case study using programme theory evaluation
No full textTo enhance the student experience and improve student outcomes–continuation, attainment, and employment–higher education providers often implement curriculum changes and evaluate their effectiveness. But as interventions often only work directly with staff, rather than students, impact evaluation is challenging. This paper explores the introduction of extensive curriculum change to embed active learning and teaching. Qualitative interviews are used to explore the views of stakeholders, which inform the development of an evaluation framework, informed by Programme Theory evaluation (PTE), and examining short-term benefits, medium-term outcomes, and longer-term impact. The University will use the evaluation framework to monitor longer-term outcomes of the intervention. Together with PTE, evaluation frameworks apply to other higher education providers evaluating the impact of curriculum enhancement on student outcomes.</p
Evaluation of a Pilot Research Champions Programme to Inform the Building of Research Capacity in the East of England Specialist Community Public Health Nursing Workforce (BREES)
No full textThis report details findings of a survey and evaluation carried out to assess the research culture and Research Champions Programme (RCP) involving newly qualified Specialist Community Public Health Nurses in the Cambridgeshire Community Services (CCS) Norfolk 0-19 service. Both these studies were devised within a wider project aimed at Building Research Engagement and Capacity in the East of England (BREES) Specialist Community Public Health Nursing (SCPHN) workforce. BREES recognised the significant contribution SCPHNs could make to the long-term health of the nation and the sustainability of health services, through engaging with research. However, BREES also acknowledged that there was considerable scope to grow research capacity of SCPHNs in the East of England. Through the above studies, academic and CCS researchers and CCS managers sought to harness initial learning, with a wider aim of extending the methodology to other services in CCS and to other East of England Integrated Care Systems...</p
Global prevalence of congenital color vision deficiency among children and adolescents, 1932-2022
No full textPurposeTo estimate the prevalence of congenital color vision deficiency (CVD), categorized by geographical region, ethnicity, type (deutan, protan, and tritan), and severity (anomalous trichromacy, dichromacy, and monochromacy).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.ParticipantsA total of 1,703,619 participants, including 31,493 patients from 56 studies across 21 countries and five continents, were included in our analysis.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases from 1930 to August 12, 2024. We used strict inclusion criteria, limiting the analysis to studies on children and adolescents in the general population. National and regional prevalence estimates were analyzed, with additional sub-analyses by ethnicity, type, and severity. A random-effects model was utilized to calculate pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.Main outcome measuresPooled estimates for the prevalence of CVD.ResultsThe global prevalence of CVD was estimated at 2.59% (95% CI, 2.20-3.03, I2 =99.37), with higher rates observed in males (4.38% [3.93-4.88]) compared to females (0.64% [0.46-0.89]). Among ancestries, individuals of European descent exhibited the highest prevalence (2.77% [2.10-3.64]), closely followed by those of African descent (2.69% [2.21-3.28]). Regionally, Oceania displayed the highest prevalence (4.37% [3.36-5.68]), followed by Africa (2.86% [2.36-3.46]). Across all CVD types and severities, males consistently showed higher prevalence rates than females. In terms of CVD types, the highest prevalence was observed for deutan in both sexes (males: 3.66% [3.02-4.44]; females: 0.46% [0.30-0.69]), followed by protan (males: 1.54% [1.30-1.82]; females: 0.30% [0.21-0.43]) and tritan (males: 0.67% [0.20-2.22]). Regarding severity, males had the highest prevalence of dichromacy (1.59% [1.33-1.90]), followed by anomalous trichromacy (1.17% [0.89-1.55]) and monochromacy (0.36% [0.22-0.61]). For females, anomalous trichromacy had the highest prevalence (0.38% [0.25-0.56]), followed by dichromacy (0.27% [0.19-0.39]) and monochromacy (0.10% [0.04-0.21]).ConclusionsThis study highlights that the prevalence of CVD varies significantly by region and ethnicity.</p
Brexit, UK Manufacturing and Industrial Strategy
No full textThis paper offers an overview of the impacts of Brexit on UK manufacturing. In particular it looks at impacts via non-tariff barriers in terms of goods exports, imports, and UK manufacturing’s position in European value chains. It then looks at regulatory divergence and its implications for UK manufacturing. The need for an industrial strategy is examined. Overall, we find that post-Brexit the UK economy is less open to trade and investment, reducing UK manufacturing competitiveness and its ability to compete in both EU and global markets. The government’s new industrial strategy needs to address major issues facing the sector such as skills, investment, scaling-up new clean technologies, as well as ongoing post-Brexit uncertainties.</p
"Data-day teaching": early years practitioners' experiences of datafication in primary schools
No full textThis project attends to the stories that five Early Years Foundation Stage teachers in England choose to tell about data, describing in detail their experiences working in increasingly datacentric contexts. Using a narrative approach participants tell their stories across time, spanning careers within a single school, multiple schools and in relation to their own experiences of schooling. The project explores how these teachers negotiate the data-infrastructure within their settings highlighting the pleasures and dangers of data work It examines the experiences of reception class practitioners like Carrie, Alex and Fran who work in enterprising ways with their class-based, cohort and wider school data and Robyn and Grace, nursery practitioners, who describe less-quantifiable aspects of their EYFS practice.Individual stories are located within a wider policy story beginning with the Desirable Learning Outcomes (SCAA, 1996). Whilst overall the policy story sets out the wholesale expansion of data-based practices, recent policy texts reflect a growing anxiety driven by concerns around performance data and the impact of performative tasks on teacher workload and retention. The recent problematisation of data has seen the development of a freedom-from-data narrative, particularly with regard to the inspectorate, suggesting Ofsted are less interested in data. These five participants remain highly sceptical, when in practice they continue to experience an expansion of scripted lessons, intervention programmes and the growing involvement of commercial actors and new technologies designed to secure data-based outcomes in the EYFS.The project develops existing knowledge, contributing to an understanding of post-performative teacher identities and of being enterprising. It provides insights into how EYFS practitioners become responsibilised, embrace, and evade working entrepreneurially with their data, against a background of existing research that explores entrepreneurialism often from the perspective of school leaders, rather than class-based practitioners or those within the Early Years. The final chapter suggests how thinking with these particular stories can be used to develop the idea of data-hierarchy : a tool to understand the emergence of current and future data-based relationships within primary schools.</p
Exploring the adoption of AI in the logistics industry: a case study of DP World UAE
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) continues to shape the logistics sector, yet most research remains focused on technical efficiency and strategic deployment. Less attention has been paid to how AI is understood, framed, and experienced by organisational actors. This study addresses that gap by exploring how employees at DP World, a large asset-intensive logistics firm in the UAE, construct meaning around AI adoption. It investigates a central paradox: while AI is promoted as transformative, its uptake is shaped by cultural norms, identity concerns, and perceptions of disruption.The Technology–Organisation–Environment (TOE) framework informs the study, but is reinterpreted through a social constructionist lens. Rather than treating culture and leadership as stable enablers, the research considers them as negotiated practices shaped by narrative, discourse, and role-specific meaning-making. Findings reveal a disconnect between strategic intent and operational culture, highlighting that AI is understood and enacted differently across organisational levels.A qualitative case study approach was adopted, using semi-structured interviews and participant observations. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed that middle managers act as cultural gatekeepers, shaping how AI is perceived and implemented. Leadership was most effective when its messages aligned with localised organisational values, suggesting that transformation requires cultural resonance as well as strategic direction.This study contributes to the refinement of the TOE model by foregrounding narrative, interpretive, and relational dimensions. Resistance is repositioned as a culturally meaningful response rather than a barrier. The research offers a context-rich understanding of AI adoption, with practical relevance for organisations managing complex technological change in asset-intensive environments.</p
Association between unclean cooking fuel use and hearing problems among adults aged ≥65 years
No full textBackground and Aims: Literature suggests that outdoor air pollutant exposure is associated with hearing problems, but examination of this link has not extended to any potential association between hearing ability and the use of unclean cooking fuels. The current paper investigates whether such a link exists, utilizing a large sample of older adults from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) where such fuels are commonly used.Methods: Data from the Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. This is a nationally representative and cross‐sectional data set collected for the World Health Organization for residents of South Africa, China, Ghana, India,Mexico, and Russia. A range of “unclean” cooking fuels were assessed, namely agriculture or crop, animal dung, coal orcharcoal, Kerosene or paraffin, shrubs or grass, and wood. Hearing problems referred to the interviewer‐rated presence of thiscondition. Statistical analysis was done using multivariable logistic regression.Results: The present work analyzed data from 14,585 individuals aged ≥ 65 years [mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.5) years; 55.0�males]. In the overall sample and in the final adjusted model, unclean cooking fuel use was associated with a significantlyincreased risk of hearing problems (OR = 1.68 (95% CI = 1.22–2.30). This association was significant for females (OR = 2.36; 95%CI = 1.53–3.63) but not for males (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 0.79–1.81).Conclusion: Unclean cooking fuel use is associated with an increased risk of hearing problems among adult residents of LMICs over 65 years of age, particularly among females. Findings from this study support the development of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (United Nations), which advocates for fairer and more sustainable access to modern energy, as well as a means to prevent avoidable hearing problems.</p
Predicting 30-day hospital readmissions using ClinicalT5 with structured and unstructured electronic health records
No full textHospital readmission prediction is a crucial area of research due to its impact on healthcare expenditure, patient care quality, and policy formulation. Accurate prediction of patient readmissions within 30 days post-discharge remains a considerable challenging, given the complexity of healthcare data, which includes both structured (e.g., demographic, clinical) and unstructured (e.g., clinical notes, medical images) data. Consequently, there is an increasing need for hybrid approaches that effectively integrate these two data types to enhance all-cause readmission prediction performance. Despite notable advancements in machine learning, existing predictive models often struggle to achieve both high precision and balanced predictions, mainly due to the variability in patients’ outcome and the complex factors influencing readmissions. This study seeks to address these challenges by developing a hybrid predictive model that combines structured data with unstructured text representations derived from ClinicalT5, a transformer-based large language model. The performance of these hybrid models is evaluated against text-only models, such as PubMedBERT, using multiple metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, and AUROC score. The results demonstrate that the hybrid models, which integrate both structured and unstructured data, outperform text-only models trained on the same dataset. Specifically, hybrid models achieve higher precision and balanced recall, reducing false positives and providing more reliable predictions. This research underscores the potential of hybrid data integration, using ClinicalT5, to improve hospital readmission prediction, thereby improving healthcare outcomes through more accurate predictions that can support better clinical decision making and reduce unnecessary readmissions.</p
Reactive Attitudes in Criminal Persepctive
No full textThe reactive attitudes are the everyday reactions we have to each other: attitudes such as love, gratitude, resent, anger and forgiveness. Drawing on the seminal work of P.F. Strawson, a growing and influential literature regards the reactive attitudes as at the essence of our interpersonal morality. This paper considers what relations hold between the reactive attitudes and the criminal justice system and argues that there is a close continuity between restorative justice and an interpersonal notion of moral responsibility built out of the reactive attitudes.</p
Dataset accompanying <i>Beneficent Disruptors: A qualitative descriptive study of professional advocacy in healthcare</i>
No full textThis dataset contains anonymised interview transcripts that were used in the data analysis for the paper Beneficent Disruptors: A qualitative descriptive study of professional advocacy in healthcareData access will be granted once users have consented to the data sharing agreement and provided written plans and justification for what is proposed with the data. Data access may be obtained by submitting a request to the ARU Research Services Manager via [email protected]. Requests will be reviewed by the authors and key collaborators as named on the repository.</p
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