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A global gap in autonomy assessment among older adults: a COSMIN systematic review
No full textAutonomy is increasingly recognised as the basis of healthy ageing and person-centred care; however, it remains under-represented in clinical assessments and policy. We systematically reviewed patient-reported outcome measures and clinician-reported outcome measures of autonomy in adults aged 60 years and older (older adults), following the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) methodology (PROSPERO CRD42025640772). Across 116 studies involving 861 338 older adults in 42 countries, 50 instruments were evaluated for structural validity, reliability, internal consistency, cross-cultural validity, and responsiveness. High-quality evidence supported structural validity in 29 instruments, internal consistency in 33, and test–retest reliability in 17, whereas content validity and responsiveness were often insufficient. 14 instruments met the COSMIN category A criteria (ie, instruments with sufficient content validity and at least low-quality evidence for sufficient internal consistency, indicating that they are reliable and suitable for recommendation) and were recommended for research and clinical use. Substantial gaps remain, particularly in cross-cultural validity and responsiveness of the tested instruments, highlighting the need for internationally aligned, culturally robust, and cocreated tools. Health authorities should adopt validated measures to assess autonomy, guide policy, and ensure equitable resource allocation.</p
Refining classification of complex agroforestry mosaic landscape from drone-based imagery: implications for landscape management and conservation
No full text1. Accurately and efficiently mapping landscape compositions is a conservation priority as natural habitats that are reservoirs of biodiversity are increasingly lost or modified. Globally, agroforestry is a rising sustainable land use type that benefits landowners and biodiversity, but these land-use land-cover (LULC) mosaics can be challenging to map due to the size and distribution of different patches of LULC, requiring improved methodologies to map these areas and refine landscape-based conservation management strategies. 2. We classified an agroforestry landscape in West Java, Indonesia, which includes the habitat of a Critically Endangered primate, the Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus). We used object-based image analysis of high-resolution drone (DJI Phantom 4, 2.87 cm/px mean resolution) and satellite (PlanetLabs, 3 m resolution) imagery, comparing how the resulting classifications differ and impact classification of loris GPS waypoints. 3. Estimations of LULC types significantly differed between the classified drone and satellite imagery, affecting all habitat types. Compared to classifications from drone imagery, satellite imagery-based classifications overestimated forest-cover by an average of 18.81% and chayote (a local vining crop) by 16.02%, while underestimating non-chayote agriculture by 18.72%. Specific crop types were also classified from drone imagery that were impossible to classify using satellite imagery. 4. Image classification differences are reflected in significantly different classifications of loris GPS waypoints, with an overestimation of the amount of waypoints in forest and chayote, and underestimation of waypoints in non-chayote agriculture. 5. Synthesis and applications: Together, these results show that significant differences in landscape classification between high-resolution satellite and drone imagery can substantially change our understanding of slow loris habitat availability. Thus, it can be beneficial to use the highest resolution imagery to characterize species’ habitats, whenever possible, particularly within mosaic landscapes. Additionally, image and map resolution should be explicitly reported. Less accurate area estimations of LULC types, particularly for forest and agriculture, directly impact conservation planning because species persistence may rely on these habitat patches and restoration of connectivity between them. Changes to forest and agriculture LULC can reflect the socioeconomic processes driving landscape changes.</p
Addressing fragmentation in cardiac arrest survivorship research: the Cardiac Arrest Research Hub
No full textThe 2025 European Resuscitation Council “Systems Saving Lives” guidelines and their updated Chain of Survival explicitly recognise the importance of survivorship. They emphasise the long-term process of recovery and focus on improving the quality of life for survivors and their supporters. Yet, there are many challenges to implementing these recommendations. Surviving a cardiac arrest is still relatively rare, with diverse consequences requiring multidisciplinary input via different health and third sector services.</p
Who are the champions of workplace innovations? Playful use of technology and psychological ownership for championing Industry 4.0 technologies
No full textDrawing on extended self theory, we propose that developing psychological ownership of an innovation is a key mechanism for cultivating innovation champions–employees who actively advocate for and support innovation within organisations. To test this framework, we examined the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies (I40T) using three-wave, multisource data from 255 employees and their managers. The findings indicate that engaging with workplace technologies in a playful manner fosters psychological ownership of I40T, which in turn predicts innovation championing. Moreover, employees’ implementation efficacy strengthened the positive relationships. This study offers a novel perspective on innovation implementation through the lens of extended self theory and provides actionable insights into how playful use of technology can foster a stronger sense of ownership, thereby developing champions of innovation in the workplace. By utilising a non-Western sample, the study also extends the scope of playful work design and psychological ownership research beyond Western contexts.</p
Introduction: wartime crime in Ukraine
No full textThis Special Issue examines the multifaceted relationship between war and crime through the lens of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war, addressing a longstanding gap in criminological engagement with armed conflict. While international crimes have drawn increasing scholarly attention, the broader criminogenic effects of war: on social order, ‘ordinary’ crime, legal norms, and institutional responses, remain underexplored. The contributions examine how conflict reshapes violence, norms, and illicit markets; how states expand criminal law during wartime; and how transnational criminality and accountability challenges evolve under geopolitical rupture. Bringing together Ukrainian and international scholars, the issue foregrounds domestic expertise, and advances a more inclusive and interdisciplinary criminology of war, while also highlighting the ethical, methodological, and personal challenges of conducting research during an ongoing war. Collectively, the studies demonstrate the need for a broader criminological perspective capable of capturing the wide-ranging and enduring impact of war on crime, justice, and social order.</p
A narrative literature review: the contribution of experts by experience to diverse forms of social work teamwork
No full textA commitment to co-production in which social workers co-create research, knowledge, and practice with people from multi-disciplinary backgrounds and people with direct lived experience of accessing services, who are termed experts by experience (EbEs), underpins social work ethics and values. EbEs are understood to be people who use their experiences of accessing health and social care services to influence and change all forms of social work. Despite this, EbEs have, to date, had limited involvement in teamwork in social work practice, although their contributions to social work education, research and practice innovations, as peers in the team, are of growing significance. A narrative re-view was undertaken to explore the gap in the routine involvement of EbEs in different forms of social work practice-based teamwork. This narrative review identified three over-arching themes to understand how EbEs contribute to social work teamwork: involvement in team relationships and in decision-making, involvement in knowledge production, and involvement in health and social care practice innovations. However, it must be acknowledged that the everyday involvement of EbEs in social work, including in multi-disciplinary teamwork, apart from small pockets of mental health practice, such as peer support workers, is lacking. It appears that EbEs are involved in practice inno-vations, rather than everyday practice; therefore, despite social work’s political and ideological commitment to co-production, it is less advanced than is often claimed.</p
Long-term physical health conditions among UK female veterans: a UK Biobank cohort study comparing male veterans and female civilians
No full textObjectives: To examine differences in physical health conditions among female veterans compared with male veterans and female civilians. Design: Cohort analysis using data from the UK Biobank, incorporating self-reported and hospital-derived health information. Participants: Veteran status was identified using Standard Occupational Classification codes. The study included female veterans (n=546), male veterans (n=2722) and female civilians (n=66 305). Outcome measures: Physical health conditions were identified through self-report and hospital records. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated associations between veteran status and selected health conditions, adjusting for age, sociodemographic factors, time in service, body mass index and current smoking status. Results: Compared with female civilians, female veterans had increased odds of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.79, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.08) and lower odds of hypertension (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.93), with no significant difference in musculoskeletal conditions or osteoarthritis. Compared with male veterans, female veterans had significantly higher odds of osteoarthritis (aOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.08), migraine (aOR 2.63, 95% CI 1.66 to 4.19) and thyroid disorders (aOR 4.42, 95% CI 2.83 to 6.89). Conclusions: Female veterans have distinct physical health profiles, including a greater burden of musculoskeletal and respiratory conditions compared with male veterans and female civilians. These findings highlight the need for targeted prevention and clinical interventions for women with a history of military service.</p
AI-Enabled Microlearning and Case Study Atomisation: ICT Pathways for Inclusive and Sustainable Higher Education
No full textThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into higher education offers new opportunities for inclusive and sustainable learning. This study investigates the impact of an AI-enabled microlearning cycle—comprising short instructional videos, formative quizzes, and structured discussions—on student engagement, inclusivity, and academic performance in postgraduate management education. A mixed-methods design was applied across two cohorts (2023, n = 138; 2024, n = 140). Data included: (1) survey responses on engagement, accessibility, and confidence (5-point Likert scale); (2) learning analytics (video views, quiz completion, forum activity); (3) academic results; and (4) qualitative feedback from open-ended questions. Quantitative analyses used Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, regressions, and subgroup comparisons; qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Findings revealed significant improvements across all dimensions (p </p
Book review: Contact Lens Complications, 4th ed.
No full textProfessor Nathan Efron is a distinguished academic whose pioneering research has shaped modern contact lens practice. His book, Contact Lens Complications, has long been regarded as a cornerstone resource in optometric education and clinical practice. Consistent with previous editions, the book presents topics in a logical, tissue-based format that aligns with the way clinicians approach ocular assessment. This structure is particularly beneficial for students, as it mirrors the systematic examination of ocular tissues performed during slit-lamp examinations.</p
The experience of gay Christian men attending collaborative workshops facilitated by a sexual health professional and a priest
No full textBackground: Although workshops facilitated by a sexual health professional and a priest to support gay Christian men who struggle with accepting their sexuality and religious identity have been organized, the experience of attending such workshops has not been studied.Aim: To understand the experience of gay Christian men who attended collaborative workshops.Methods: Six collaborative workshops were conducted between a sexual health clinic and a church in central London from January to September 2018. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 11 gay Christian men who participated in the workshops. Data on their experiences were collected through semistructured interviews, images, and the innovative method of haiku poetry, which was used to reflect on their experiences during and after the workshops. All the data were analyzed using thematic analysis.Outcome: Gaining insights into the experiences of gay Christian men who participated in collaborative workshops.Results: The collaborative workshops had a significant impact on gay Christian men in two key areas: self-perception and relationships. The contributing factors to this influence were either environmental or personal. Three themes emerged: motivation, self-development, and the influence of the environment. Some participants embraced the workshops, while others experienced a sense of urgency. The workshops were experienced as fostering their self-growth. In contrast, others were reminded of their destructive behaviors, which left them feeling hopeless. For some participants, the workshop’s environment highlighted their minority status as a strength, whereas for others, it highlighted their loneliness.Clinical Implication: This study showed the importance of understanding motivation for attending the collaborative workshops.Strengths and Limitations: Although the findings cannot be generalized to all religious and sexual minorities, they can inform future collaborations. Although a small sample was recruited, it provided an in-depth understanding of the experiences of these men. Limited funding restricted the workshops’ accessibility to hard-to-reach communities. The data were analyzed from a psychological perspective.Conclusion: This study introduces a novel model for integrating religion and sexuality. It adapts Maslow’s hierarchy of needs for gay Christian men to include freedom from shame as an essential requirement, subsequently fostering belongingness, connection, and love.</p
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